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Dates and Plan II: Quinquennium Ulpiani

Tony Honoré

in Ulpian: Pioneer of Human Rights

This chapter relates the composition of Ulpian’s fifty-one-book treatise On Sabinus to his work On the Edict. On Sabinus was largely written in the second part of Caracalla’s reign. Making allowances ... More

This chapter relates the composition of Ulpian’s fifty-one-book treatise On Sabinus to his work On the Edict. On Sabinus was largely written in the second part of Caracalla’s reign. Making allowances for medium-scale and lesser works it is argued that Ulpian wrote for five years (Quinquennium Ulpiani) at this period for forty-three ½ weeks a year, but ceased writing during the two holiday periods of thirty days each.Less

Dates and Plan III: Lesser Works

Tony Honoré

in Ulpian: Pioneer of Human Rights

This chapter takes up the allocation of Ulpian’s lesser works to the years 213–217. The overall picture is of 217 books (really more like modern chapters) composed in the years 213–217.

Advances in Neuropsychological Assessment of Attention

Unai Díaz-Orueta

in The Role of Technology in Clinical Neuropsychology

Attention is one of the most basic cognitive processes and is a prerequisite for the use of more complex functions, since it is not possible to evaluate perception or memory processes without ... More

Attention is one of the most basic cognitive processes and is a prerequisite for the use of more complex functions, since it is not possible to evaluate perception or memory processes without keeping in mind attention issues (Amador, Forns, & Kirchner, 2006). The ability to maintain an appropriate level of attention is basic for education and learning, especially during childhood and school age. With the aim of studying attention separately from other cognitive functions, the so-called continuous performance tests (CPT) were created. The first series of CPTs were developed by Rosvold, Mirsky, Sarason, Bransome, and Beck (1956) to study vigilance in adults with acquired brain injury (Riccio, Reynolds, & Lowe, 2001), more specifically, persons with seizures (Amador, Forns, & Kirchner, 2006). Nowadays, CPTs are still one of the most widely used measures for the assessment of attention and processing speed. Briefly, it can be said that a CPT is a group of paradigms to evaluate attention, inhibitory response or disinhibition (a component of executive control that provides information about the subject’s impulsivity), and processing speed. Basically, CPTs rely on the rapid, random presentation of a series of stimuli to which the subject must respond following instructions given at the beginning of the test. The main value of CPTs is their empirical support. Diverse CPT paradigms have consistently demonstrated their sensitivity for a great variety of both neurological and psychiatric disorders, in adults and in children. Frequently, CPTs also use a continuous vigilance task, in order to obtain quantitative information about the individual’s ability to sustain attention in time. From its creation, the CPT paradigm has been used with many variants of its task component. Greenberg and Walkman (1993) found up to 100 different versions of CPT in use. Historically, when Rosvold and his collaborators introduced the test, they had the goal of measuring correct answers provided by the subject as an indicator of selective attention. With subsequent experimentation, other measures, such as processing speed, impulsivity, inattention, and sustained attention, divided or alternate, have been included. Less