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In the last twenty to thirty years, research on affective determinants of health behavior has proliferated. For the first time, this burgeoning area of research is reviewed and discussed in a single volume, with chapters from leading experts in their respective areas. Authors focus on a range of affective concepts, including, but not limited to, hedonic response, incidental affect, perceived satisfaction, anticipated affect, affective attitudes, and affective associations. In the first part of the book (chapters 2–10), the role of affective concepts is highlighted and expanded in multiple theories of health behavior, including theories of action control, self-regulation, self-determination, dual-processing, affective associations, and hedonic motivation. The second part of the book (chapters 11–20) focuses on the role of affective concepts in specific health behavior domains, including physical activity, eating, smoking, substance use, sex, tanning, blood donation, performance of health professionals, cancer screening, and cancer control. Each chapter offers a summary of existing research, as well as the authors’ insights on possible new directions and implications for intervention.

This book presents thoughts on the latest psychodynamic developments and insights related to treatment of severe personality disorders. Dividing discussions into two sections—one on psychopathology and the other on psychotherapy—the book examines borderline personality disorder, narcissism, sexual inhibition, transference and countertransference, suicidal behavior, and eating disorders. Each chapter integrates the ideas of European and Latin American psychoanalytic thinkers, bringing them to the attention of English-speaking readers. The book includes a selection of recently published journal articles.

Does a kindly, charitable interest in others have health benefits for the agent, particularly when coupled with helping behaviours? Although the answer remains unclear, researchers have established that there is an association between generous emotions, helping behaviour, and longevity. Increasingly, emotional states and their related behaviours are being studied by mainstream scientists in relation to health promotion and disease prevention. If helping affect or behaviour can be linked with health and longevity, there are significant implications for how we think about human nature and prosperity. Although studies show that those who are physically or psychologically overwhelmed by the needs of others do experience a stressful burden that can have significant negative health consequences, little attention has been given to whether there are health benefits from helping behaviour that is fulfilling, not overwhelming. This book's chapters address this question in objective terms. The book provides heuristic models, from evolution and neuroscience, to explain the association between altruism and health, and examines potential public health and practical implications of the existing data.

Contrary to popular opinion, one of the main problems in providing uniformly excellent health care is not lack of money but lack of knowledge—on the part of both doctors and patients. The studies in this book show that many doctors and most patients do not understand the available medical evidence. Both patients and doctors are “risk illiterate”—frequently unable to tell the difference between actual risk and relative risk. Further, unwarranted disparity in treatment decisions is the rule rather than the exception in the United States and Europe. All of this contributes to much wasted spending in health care. The contributors investigate the roots of the problem, from the emphasis in medical research on technology and blockbuster drugs to the lack of education for both doctors and patients. They call for a new, more enlightened health care, with better medical education, journals that report study outcomes completely and transparently, and patients in control of their personal medical records, not afraid of statistics but able to use them to make informed decisions about their treatments.

Many international development efforts have been limited because they are elaborated as exclusively economic projects. Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen argues, however, that combating poverty requires expanding individual freedoms and capabilities, in place of bolstering only macroeconomic growth. Based on the work of IMIFAP (The Mexican Institute of Family and Population Research) in Mexico and Latin America, this book seeks to transform Sen’s philosophical approach into an operative model for sustainable development through its Framework for Enabling Empowerment (FrEE). The book offers a new, practical paradigm based in social psychology which empowers marginalized individuals to interact critically and constructively with their social, education, health and civic contexts.

Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy (DIT) is a brief psychodynamic psychotherapy developed for the treatment of mood disorders. It is being rolled out as part of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) initiative as the psychodynamic model for the treatment of depression. This book is a practical guide for the implementation of a brief psychodynamic intervention in routine clinical practice as well as in research protocols. It sets out clearly the theoretical framework, as well as the rationale and strategies for applying DIT with patients presenting with mood disorders (depression and anxiety). Throughout, it is illustrated with examples that help with implementing the approach in practice.

Positive psychology exploded into public consciousness ten years ago and has continued to capture attention around the world ever since. The movement promised to study positive human nature, using only the most rigorous scientific tools and theories. How well has this promise been fulfilled? This book evaluates the first decade of this fledgling field of study from the perspective of nearly every leading researcher in the field. Scholars in the areas of social, personality, clinical, biological, emotional, and applied psychology take stock of their fields, while bearing in mind the original manifesto and goals of the positive psychology movement. Chapters provide honest, critical evaluations of the flaws and untapped potential of these various fields of study. The chapters design the optimal future of positive psychology by addressing gaps, biases, and methodological limitations, and exploring exciting new questions.

This book examines the ten neglected bodily senses that are rarely discussed. We grow up thinking there are five senses, but we forget about the ten neglected senses of the body that structure and limit our experience. Physical senses are explored in ten chapters: balance, movement, pressure (acting in gravity), breathing, fatigue, pain, itch, temperature, appetite, and expulsion (the senses of physical matter leaving the body). For each sense, two people are interviewed who live with extreme experiences of the sense; their stories bring to life how far physical sensations matter to us and how much they define what is possible in our life. How physical sensation shapes behavior and how behavior is shaped by the experience of sensation are explored. A final chapter presents a theory of what is common across the physical senses. Our experience is always embodied, defined by our physical senses, and that embodied life is undertaken thoroughly embedded in a social, linguistic, and physical world.

Often people with mental illness feel alone in society, with no place to go and little hope. Their isolation can be further perpetuated through typical approaches to treatment, such as case management and psychotherapy. Since 1948, the Fountain House “working community” has worked to address the isolation and social stigmatization faced by people with mental illness. This volume describes in detail its evidence-based, cost-effective, and replicable model, which produces substantive outcomes in employment, schooling, housing, and general wellness. Through an emphasis on personal choice, professional and patient collaboration, and, most important, “the need to be needed,” this book demonstrates that people with serious mental illness can not only live but also contribute and thrive in society. This book also explores the evolution of Fountain House practice, which is grounded in social work and psychiatry and informs current strength-based and recovery methodologies. Its inherent humanity, social inclusivity, message of personal empowerment, and innovation—a unique approach on behalf of people suffering from mental illness—have led to the paradigm's worldwide adoption.

This book seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the research done in sport and exercise psychology with individuals with disabilities. Research from diverse academic disciplines such as psychology, medicine, health, recreation, kinesiology, sociology and disability studies is reviewed. In the first part of the book, covering 5 chapters, philosophy of science issues, models of disability, how to conduct quality research, research controversies, and living with a disability are explored. In a second section on sport psychology, covering 19 chapters, diverse topics such as self-efficacy, athletic and superchip identities, motivation, self-esteem, peer relationships, sport retirement, coaching, and performance enhancement are covered. In the last part on exercise psychology, covering 16 chapters, a range of topic such as obesity and fitness, exercise barriers, body image, quality of life, physical education, wounded warriors, intellectual impairments, and gender issues are discussed. All chapters conclude with extensive directions for new avenues of research and exploration.

Stepping outside of the normal boundaries of HIV scholarship, Modernizing Sexuality shows how Western idealizations of normative sexuality and the power of modernity come together in U.S. prevention policy in ways that actually exacerbate HIV risk, particularly for women. The book begins with an overview of the historical, epidemiological, and theoretical underpinnings of U.S. HIV-prevention policy in sub-Saharan Africa and Malawi, as well as a review of U.S. global prevention efforts, beginning with the Reagan administration. The second chapter introduces the risk narratives conveyed in official U.S. policy, the HIV-prevention industry, and everyday discourse in Malawi. Chapter Three introduces the concept of “love matches,” the idealized blueprint for prevention conveyed in U.S. policy discourse. This rarely acknowledged prescriptive narrative offers examples of “healthy,” “natural,” and otherwise sanctioned sex. Chapter Four turns to everyday discourse among Malawians to explore collective solutions to the problem of AIDS and multiple paths for prevention. This exploration results in an everyday prescriptive narrative that offers a very different blueprint for HIV prevention than that offered by U.S. prevention policy. The fifth chapter discusses the most commonly acknowledged strategies in HIV-prevention policy (e.g., knowledge, skills, and economic development), as well as the unacknowledged strategies deployed through the HIV/AIDS administrative apparatus. The book closes with an alternative narrative that reimagines risk and provides one alternative path for organizing policy efforts.

This edited volume is the first to present a cohesive account of adaptation to chronic pain from a motivational perspective. Across the 15 chapters, scholars from diverse domains of psychology explore the multileveled and bidirectional nature of pain and motivation, drawing from a broad array of constructs, including self-regulation, goal systems, cognitive control, attention, conflict, interpersonal processes, coping, conditioning, and stress reactivity. Also addressed is the relation between pain and psychopathology, the nature of pain-affect dynamics, and the neural mechanisms underlying the pain experience. Applied considerations are presented in chapters on Motivational Interviewing, ACT, Internet-based methods, and related clinical topics. Our volume provides an up-to-date compendium of cutting-edge research and interventions that collectively illustrate the utility of viewing chronic pain as neither a “disease” nor an imposed lifestyle, but as the emergent and potentially flexible product of a complex transactional system that is bounded by sociocultural factors, on the one hand, and by biogenetic and neural moderating forces on the other. The chapters capture the vibrancy of current theory, research, and practice while pointing toward unexplored new directions. Students and seasoned pain researchers will find within the motivation-centered framework a host of intriguing ideas to complement extant formulations. And those engaged in treating/training persons with chronic pain will discover the unique, integrative value of motivational models.

The overarching purpose of this text is to focus on a cognitive behavioral and psychoeducational music therapy approach to illness management and recovery with adult psychiatric consumers specific to clinical group-based practice within the United States. Other goals of this book include informing administrators of music therapy, providing theory-based approaches to psychiatric music therapy, educating music therapists concerning related literature outside the profession, stimulating research and employment, and influencing legislative policies. Perhaps the most essential purpose of this text is to encourage both critical thought and lifelong learning concerning issues, ideas, and concepts related to various intersections between mental illness and music therapy. Chapters 1 and 2 were designed to expediently orient readers to contemporary cognitive behavioral and psychoeducational psychiatric treatment for illness management and recovery and thereby provide a context for theoretical and clinical applications described in later chapters. Chapter 3 expediently orients readers to the history psychiatric music therapy and contemporary psychiatric music therapy. Chapters 4 through 7 develop and describe theories for conceptualizing psychiatric music therapy for illness management and recovery from a cognitive behavioral and psychoeducational philosophical orientation. Chapters 8 through 14 provide readers with clinical applications of psychiatric music therapy, highlighting contemporary in-patient practice and treatment, research-based interventions, the research literature, and evidence-based practice specific to an illness management and recovery approach. Chapter 14 concludes the book with questions and conjectures concerning the future of psychiatric work and how these developments may affect psychiatric music therapy clinical practice.

The great saxophonist Charlie Parker once proclaimed ‘if you don't live it, it won't come out of your horn’. This quote has often been used to explain the hedonistic lifestyle of many jazz greats, but it also signals the reciprocal and inextricable relationship between music and wider social, cultural, and psychological variables. This link is complex and multifaceted and is undoubtedly a central component of why music has been implicated as a therapeutic agent in vast swathes of contemporary research studies. Music is always about more than just acoustic events or notes on a page. Music has a universal and timeless potential to influence how we feel. Yet, only recently, have researchers begun to explore and understand the positive effects that music can have on our wellbeing — across a range of cultures and musical genres. This book brings together research from music psychology, therapy, public health, and medicine, to explore the relationship between music, health, and wellbeing. It presents a range of chapters to give an account of recent advances and applications in both clinical and non-clinical practice and research. Some of the questions explored include: what is the nature of the scientific evidence to support the relationship between music, health, and wellbeing? What are the current views from different disciplines on empirical observations and methodological issues concerning the effects of musical interventions on health-related processes? What are the mechanisms which drive these effects and how can they be utilized for building robust theoretical frameworks for future work?

What are the critical issues underlying the psychology of ethics and care in a global world? This exciting volume argues that globalization, multiculturalism, and group conflict must be reconceptualized from an ethical perspective to fully appreciate the extent to which people will act on behalf of others in a global world. In particular, the authors problematize the concepts of globalization, ethics, and care by discussing how local and global linkages may be constructed to produce diverse ethical results, depending on context. Deciphering the political psychology of real or perceived violence in a global world calls for such a new approach to understand both the collective experience and the shaping of subjectivity. The editors have assembled some of the top political psychologists to construct an interdisciplinary approach that elucidates how political, economic, social, and psychological forces interact and are mutually reinforced in a global context. Taken as a whole, the contributions explore the difficulties and possibilities for caring for others by moving beyond cognitive differences and inequalities of power. Individual chapters explore issues of social courage, bystander intervention, the psychology of prolonged occupation, political conflict and moral reasoning, the relationship between identification, threat and attitudes, and the psychology of altruism and tolerance, with special focus on societies from Finland, Germany and Northern Ireland to Israel, Poland, and the United States.

This book synthesizes key findings on a devastating mental disorder that has been increasingly studied over the past decade: namely, schizophrenia. Advances in epidemiology, translational neuroscience technology, and molecular and statistical genetics have recast schizophrenia's neurobiological nature, identifying new putative environmental risk factors and candidate susceptibility genes. Providing the latest clinical and neuroscience research developments, this book provides a balanced account, while pointing to future directions in research and interdisciplinary collaboration. The book examines relevant topics from the vantage points of epidemiologic, clinical, and basic neuroscience approaches.

This text contains a revised edition of a book on psychophysiological recording. The book includes information on the most up-to-date equipment used today to do brain scanning and discusses other equipment not available in 1980. A new chapter on signal processing and analysis has been added, and discussions cover nonlinear systems as well as cognitive psychophysiology.

Substance misuse among older adults in the United States is a major hidden health threat, with broad implications for the welfare and quality of life of those misusing alcohol and drugs, as well as their families. Although retirement is often viewed as playing a key role in the onset and exacerbation of older adult substance misuse, research findings are inconclusive. The book begins by conducting a critical review of that research, paying particular attention to the difficulty of capturing the etiological role of retirement in older adult substance misuse when the very nature of retirement is in flux. The book then presents findings from a 10-year, longitudinal study designed to address both this issue as well as some of the more methodological shortcomings of prior studies. In addition to examining the direct impact of retirement on older adult substance misuse and disentangling the confounding effects of aging, it examines how individual differences, shifting social networks, preretirement work factors, conditions in retirement, and the interactions among each of these may affect subsequent misuse. On the basis of these etiological insights, the book examines the efficacy of contemporary individual- and policy-level interventions and proposes several alternative approaches to prevention and treatment.

How does pollution impact our daily quality of life? What are the effects of pollution on children's development? Why do industry and environmental experts disagree about what levels of pollutants are safe? This book traces the debates over five key pollutants — lead, mercury, noise, pesticides, and dioxins and PCBs — and provides an overview of the history of each pollutant, basic research findings, and the scientific and regulatory controversies surrounding it. It focuses, in particular, on the impact of these pollutants on children's psychological development, their intellectual functioning, behaviour, and emotional states. Only by understanding the impact of pollution can we prevent future negative effects on quality of life and even pollution disasters from occurring.