Nick Von Tunzelmann
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263471
- eISBN:
- 9780191734786
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263471.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter looks at the comparative systems approach to understanding the way in which different institutional regimes affect the governance of technological development. It focuses on four ...
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This chapter looks at the comparative systems approach to understanding the way in which different institutional regimes affect the governance of technological development. It focuses on four institutional constraints: market failure, government failure, corporate failure, and network failure. Each has the potential to impede or disconnect the linkage between the production of technology and the use or adoption of technology.Less
This chapter looks at the comparative systems approach to understanding the way in which different institutional regimes affect the governance of technological development. It focuses on four institutional constraints: market failure, government failure, corporate failure, and network failure. Each has the potential to impede or disconnect the linkage between the production of technology and the use or adoption of technology.
Mark Thatcher
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199245680
- eISBN:
- 9780191715273
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199245680.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter sets out the analytical framework used in the book. It offers a critique of two major relevant literatures that study internationalisation and domestic institutions, namely the second ...
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This chapter sets out the analytical framework used in the book. It offers a critique of two major relevant literatures that study internationalisation and domestic institutions, namely the second image reversed approach and comparative institutionalism (historical institutionalism and varieties of capitalism). It argues that while both offer valuable elements, they pay too much attention to economic forms of internationalisation and underestimate the potential for institutional reform. Instead, the chapter offers a policy analysis approach that pays attention to policymaking at both international and domestic levels. It defines and discusses three forms of market internationalisation that are used in the study: transnational technological and economic developments; and two policy forms: reforms in a significant overseas nation (in this case, the US) and supranational regulation (by the EU). It then discusses possible mechanisms whereby these different forms of internationalisation can influence domestic decisions about national institutions.Less
This chapter sets out the analytical framework used in the book. It offers a critique of two major relevant literatures that study internationalisation and domestic institutions, namely the second image reversed approach and comparative institutionalism (historical institutionalism and varieties of capitalism). It argues that while both offer valuable elements, they pay too much attention to economic forms of internationalisation and underestimate the potential for institutional reform. Instead, the chapter offers a policy analysis approach that pays attention to policymaking at both international and domestic levels. It defines and discusses three forms of market internationalisation that are used in the study: transnational technological and economic developments; and two policy forms: reforms in a significant overseas nation (in this case, the US) and supranational regulation (by the EU). It then discusses possible mechanisms whereby these different forms of internationalisation can influence domestic decisions about national institutions.
Mark Thatcher
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198280743
- eISBN:
- 9780191684388
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198280743.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter considers the ways in which sweeping technological and economic developments altered the nature of the telecommunications sector. It argues that in the twenty-eight years under ...
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This chapter considers the ways in which sweeping technological and economic developments altered the nature of the telecommunications sector. It argues that in the twenty-eight years under consideration, these technological and economic developments were exogenous to Britain and France: policy-makers in the two countries could not greatly influence the technological and economic development of the sector, and resulting opportunities and pressures; only whether and how to introduce new technology within their countries.Less
This chapter considers the ways in which sweeping technological and economic developments altered the nature of the telecommunications sector. It argues that in the twenty-eight years under consideration, these technological and economic developments were exogenous to Britain and France: policy-makers in the two countries could not greatly influence the technological and economic development of the sector, and resulting opportunities and pressures; only whether and how to introduce new technology within their countries.
Manuel Castells
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199255771
- eISBN:
- 9780191698279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199255771.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
This chapter deals with the culture of the producers and users at the source of the Internet’s creation and configuration. It notes that culture means a set of values and beliefs informing behaviour, ...
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This chapter deals with the culture of the producers and users at the source of the Internet’s creation and configuration. It notes that culture means a set of values and beliefs informing behaviour, thus, repetitive patterns of behaviour generate customs that are enforced by institutions, as well as by informal organizations. It discusses that the Internet culture is characterized by a four-layer structure — the techno-meritocratic culture, the hacker culture, the virtual communitarian culture, and the entrepreneurial culture. It highlights the direct link between the cultural expressions and the technological development of the Internet. It explains that open source software is the key technological feature in the development of the Internet, and this openness is culturally determined.Less
This chapter deals with the culture of the producers and users at the source of the Internet’s creation and configuration. It notes that culture means a set of values and beliefs informing behaviour, thus, repetitive patterns of behaviour generate customs that are enforced by institutions, as well as by informal organizations. It discusses that the Internet culture is characterized by a four-layer structure — the techno-meritocratic culture, the hacker culture, the virtual communitarian culture, and the entrepreneurial culture. It highlights the direct link between the cultural expressions and the technological development of the Internet. It explains that open source software is the key technological feature in the development of the Internet, and this openness is culturally determined.
Marina Umaschi Bers
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199757022
- eISBN:
- 9780199933037
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199757022.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology
This book is about digital spaces that can support positive youth development. This book is driven by values and by a sense of urgency —as the design of our digital landscape is increasingly guided ...
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This book is about digital spaces that can support positive youth development. This book is driven by values and by a sense of urgency —as the design of our digital landscape is increasingly guided by commercial purposes and not by developmental concerns. Designers of digital landscapes that promote positive development, must take into consideration the children’s social, emotional, cognitive, physical, civic and spiritual needs. But should also consider the unique design features of each technology and the practices and policies that shape different interactions in the digital landscape. Although this book is about new technologies, it is inspired by an old question: “How should we live?” This book presents an approach to help children gain the technological literacies of the 21st century while developing a sense of identity, values and purpose. Too often youth’s experiences with technology are framed in negative terms. This book acknowledges problems and risks, and takes an interventionist perspective. It invites readers to not only observe and describe the digital landscape, but to actively engage in co-designing it by focusing on positive behaviors that can be promoted by new technologies. Based on over a decade and a half of research, this book provides a theoretical framework for guiding the implementation of experiences that take advantage of new technologies to support learning and personal development, as well as examples from concrete experiences. These engage children in playful learning by supporting content creation, creativity, choices of conduct, communication, collaboration and community building. These are the six C’s proposed by the Positive Technological Development framework presented in this book. They can guide the design and the evaluation of experiences from early childhood to adolescence. This book offers a possible path to help children out of the playpens into the playgrounds of this technological era.Less
This book is about digital spaces that can support positive youth development. This book is driven by values and by a sense of urgency —as the design of our digital landscape is increasingly guided by commercial purposes and not by developmental concerns. Designers of digital landscapes that promote positive development, must take into consideration the children’s social, emotional, cognitive, physical, civic and spiritual needs. But should also consider the unique design features of each technology and the practices and policies that shape different interactions in the digital landscape. Although this book is about new technologies, it is inspired by an old question: “How should we live?” This book presents an approach to help children gain the technological literacies of the 21st century while developing a sense of identity, values and purpose. Too often youth’s experiences with technology are framed in negative terms. This book acknowledges problems and risks, and takes an interventionist perspective. It invites readers to not only observe and describe the digital landscape, but to actively engage in co-designing it by focusing on positive behaviors that can be promoted by new technologies. Based on over a decade and a half of research, this book provides a theoretical framework for guiding the implementation of experiences that take advantage of new technologies to support learning and personal development, as well as examples from concrete experiences. These engage children in playful learning by supporting content creation, creativity, choices of conduct, communication, collaboration and community building. These are the six C’s proposed by the Positive Technological Development framework presented in this book. They can guide the design and the evaluation of experiences from early childhood to adolescence. This book offers a possible path to help children out of the playpens into the playgrounds of this technological era.
Michael E. Porter and Örjan Sölvell
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296041
- eISBN:
- 9780191596070
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296045.003.0019
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This final chapter presents the authors’ view of how to link geography, innovation, and firm competitive advantage. Porter and Sölvell span many of the themes raised in the foregoing chapters, and ...
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This final chapter presents the authors’ view of how to link geography, innovation, and firm competitive advantage. Porter and Sölvell span many of the themes raised in the foregoing chapters, and highlight several of the more contentious issues as seen from their vantage point. The stress is on the geographical dimension and its importance for technological development in a broad sense, and, by implication, for sustainable firm competitive advantage. The dense, localized (regional) clusters reappear, as does the geographical embeddedness of firm activities and knowledge. Among other things, the authors look at the interesting things that go on outside the legal boundaries of the firm in this environment, and in particular, explore extra‐firm innovative activities and their determinants.Less
This final chapter presents the authors’ view of how to link geography, innovation, and firm competitive advantage. Porter and Sölvell span many of the themes raised in the foregoing chapters, and highlight several of the more contentious issues as seen from their vantage point. The stress is on the geographical dimension and its importance for technological development in a broad sense, and, by implication, for sustainable firm competitive advantage. The dense, localized (regional) clusters reappear, as does the geographical embeddedness of firm activities and knowledge. Among other things, the authors look at the interesting things that go on outside the legal boundaries of the firm in this environment, and in particular, explore extra‐firm innovative activities and their determinants.
John Landers
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199279579
- eISBN:
- 9780191719448
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279579.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Social History, Economic History
The introduction of gunpowder to warfare represented the beginning of the large-scale exploitation of chemical energy by human societies. The introduction of firearms to land warfare affected all ...
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The introduction of gunpowder to warfare represented the beginning of the large-scale exploitation of chemical energy by human societies. The introduction of firearms to land warfare affected all three mobile arms but the infantry most of all, because it radically shifted the relative power of distance and shock weapons in a historically unprecedented manner. In two centuries, gunpowder altered the battlefield beyond recognition as new troop types, tactics, and organisation hierarchies were introduced. The introduction of firearms was the most profound and far-reaching discontinuity in technological development because military hardware and organisation on land and sea were transformed, and the consequences stretched beyond the narrowly military sphere to the economic and financial foundations of the state.Less
The introduction of gunpowder to warfare represented the beginning of the large-scale exploitation of chemical energy by human societies. The introduction of firearms to land warfare affected all three mobile arms but the infantry most of all, because it radically shifted the relative power of distance and shock weapons in a historically unprecedented manner. In two centuries, gunpowder altered the battlefield beyond recognition as new troop types, tactics, and organisation hierarchies were introduced. The introduction of firearms was the most profound and far-reaching discontinuity in technological development because military hardware and organisation on land and sea were transformed, and the consequences stretched beyond the narrowly military sphere to the economic and financial foundations of the state.
Huiping Li and John Cantwell
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199646005
- eISBN:
- 9780199949977
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199646005.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business, Innovation
This chapter begins by describing the evolution of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China, and the types of innovative firms in China. From a typology of the most significant forms of innovative ...
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This chapter begins by describing the evolution of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China, and the types of innovative firms in China. From a typology of the most significant forms of innovative Chinese enterprises, the special significance of the role of international joint ventures (IJVs) is explained. IJVs have been central to the connections between innovative firm capability building in China and the capacity to learn from, transfer, and absorb technological knowledge from multinational companies originating from mature industrialized countries. Original IJV survey evidence is used to show how capability building in IJVs depended critically upon the integration of their activities with foreign parent companies, and how local technology adaptation in China has resulted in distinctively new innovations. The increasing technological interdependence between different categories of innovative firms in China is discussed, as is the relationship between firm capability building and policy.Less
This chapter begins by describing the evolution of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China, and the types of innovative firms in China. From a typology of the most significant forms of innovative Chinese enterprises, the special significance of the role of international joint ventures (IJVs) is explained. IJVs have been central to the connections between innovative firm capability building in China and the capacity to learn from, transfer, and absorb technological knowledge from multinational companies originating from mature industrialized countries. Original IJV survey evidence is used to show how capability building in IJVs depended critically upon the integration of their activities with foreign parent companies, and how local technology adaptation in China has resulted in distinctively new innovations. The increasing technological interdependence between different categories of innovative firms in China is discussed, as is the relationship between firm capability building and policy.
Mark Thatcher
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198280743
- eISBN:
- 9780191684388
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198280743.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter summarizes the findings of the book. It relates the empirical findings of the case study to the claims made for national institutions and to national institutionalist analyses of policy ...
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This chapter summarizes the findings of the book. It relates the empirical findings of the case study to the claims made for national institutions and to national institutionalist analyses of policy making examined in Chapter 1. It argues that several central tenets of ‘national institutionalism’ are supported by the evidence of the case of telecommunication in Britain and France between 1969 and 1997, notably by the existence of different institutional arrangements in the face of powerful and common technological and economic developments, and the importance of these arrangements for patterns of policy making. However, the ability of policy-makers to alter institutions, the occurrence of innovation in the content of policy, and the existence of similar economic outcomes despite dissimilar institutions suggest weaknesses in ‘national institutionalism’ and limits the role of national institutions.Less
This chapter summarizes the findings of the book. It relates the empirical findings of the case study to the claims made for national institutions and to national institutionalist analyses of policy making examined in Chapter 1. It argues that several central tenets of ‘national institutionalism’ are supported by the evidence of the case of telecommunication in Britain and France between 1969 and 1997, notably by the existence of different institutional arrangements in the face of powerful and common technological and economic developments, and the importance of these arrangements for patterns of policy making. However, the ability of policy-makers to alter institutions, the occurrence of innovation in the content of policy, and the existence of similar economic outcomes despite dissimilar institutions suggest weaknesses in ‘national institutionalism’ and limits the role of national institutions.
Simon Lilley, Geoffrey Lightfoot, and Paulo Amaral M. N.
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198775416
- eISBN:
- 9780191695360
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198775416.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology, Organization Studies
This chapter applies the Labour Process Theory to the shifting relations between technology and organization, and begins to put information technology into a historical context. It examines the ...
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This chapter applies the Labour Process Theory to the shifting relations between technology and organization, and begins to put information technology into a historical context. It examines the contention that technological development can best be understood through consideration of the social relations of (capitalist) production.Less
This chapter applies the Labour Process Theory to the shifting relations between technology and organization, and begins to put information technology into a historical context. It examines the contention that technological development can best be understood through consideration of the social relations of (capitalist) production.
Marina Umaschi Bers
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199757022
- eISBN:
- 9780199933037
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199757022.003.0015
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter examines the PTD framework through three case studies, each previously structured as a vignette throughout the book. Each case study focuses on a different technology (robotics, ...
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This chapter examines the PTD framework through three case studies, each previously structured as a vignette throughout the book. Each case study focuses on a different technology (robotics, programming languages, virtual worlds) and a different developmental age. Case studies are described using the sic C’s models and the ten dimensions of design offered by the PTD framework. These case studies represent only some of the potential of the PTD framework, and in no way is this model limited to programs like these.Less
This chapter examines the PTD framework through three case studies, each previously structured as a vignette throughout the book. Each case study focuses on a different technology (robotics, programming languages, virtual worlds) and a different developmental age. Case studies are described using the sic C’s models and the ten dimensions of design offered by the PTD framework. These case studies represent only some of the potential of the PTD framework, and in no way is this model limited to programs like these.
Marina Umaschi Bers
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199757022
- eISBN:
- 9780199933037
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199757022.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter advances the notion that virtual environments and social media, amongst other technologies, can become ethical playgrounds and offer the possibility of making choices of conduct and ...
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This chapter advances the notion that virtual environments and social media, amongst other technologies, can become ethical playgrounds and offer the possibility of making choices of conduct and reflecting on our actions. In this process, positive character traits are developed that serve to evolve an internal moral compass that leads us to use technology not only in a safe and responsible way, but also to make a better world. This chapter tackles the question of how technologies can be used to guide moral, civic, and ethical development. Virtual Worlds provide exciting opportunities for children to explore appropriate conduct; they can see the consequences of their choices and how they impact a community. Digital landscapes can be designed to give children a safe space to discover their moral identities, which is a vital aspect of the Positive Technological Development framework.Less
This chapter advances the notion that virtual environments and social media, amongst other technologies, can become ethical playgrounds and offer the possibility of making choices of conduct and reflecting on our actions. In this process, positive character traits are developed that serve to evolve an internal moral compass that leads us to use technology not only in a safe and responsible way, but also to make a better world. This chapter tackles the question of how technologies can be used to guide moral, civic, and ethical development. Virtual Worlds provide exciting opportunities for children to explore appropriate conduct; they can see the consequences of their choices and how they impact a community. Digital landscapes can be designed to give children a safe space to discover their moral identities, which is a vital aspect of the Positive Technological Development framework.
Mariano Fressoli, Rafael Dias, and Hernán Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027458
- eISBN:
- 9780262325509
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027458.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Fressoli, Dias, and Thomas highlight the tensions between market logic and local participation in innovation by describing how ideas for technological development and social inclusion that were ...
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Fressoli, Dias, and Thomas highlight the tensions between market logic and local participation in innovation by describing how ideas for technological development and social inclusion that were originally developed in India are being taken up in Latin America and by such global institutions as the World Bank. Combining analyses of cognitive praxis and of the sociotechnical alliances involved in these movements allows the authors to consider how ideas circulate among areas of the global South, their relevance to a new local context (in this case, Latin America), and how these ideas intersect with the market, market thinking, and concerns about the well-being of the poor.Less
Fressoli, Dias, and Thomas highlight the tensions between market logic and local participation in innovation by describing how ideas for technological development and social inclusion that were originally developed in India are being taken up in Latin America and by such global institutions as the World Bank. Combining analyses of cognitive praxis and of the sociotechnical alliances involved in these movements allows the authors to consider how ideas circulate among areas of the global South, their relevance to a new local context (in this case, Latin America), and how these ideas intersect with the market, market thinking, and concerns about the well-being of the poor.
Tauel Harper
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748633364
- eISBN:
- 9780748652600
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633364.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter focuses on the Deleuzian process of technological development. It suggests that Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari have presented technological development as fundamentally conducive to ...
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This chapter focuses on the Deleuzian process of technological development. It suggests that Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari have presented technological development as fundamentally conducive to the emancipation of flows of desire by exploring political possibilities enabled by new technologies. The chapter outlines how different assemblages can be understood to encourage particular technological developments and explores the suggestion that the deterritorialisation of the capitalist axiomatic presents a ‘smooth space’ which produces lines of flight.Less
This chapter focuses on the Deleuzian process of technological development. It suggests that Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari have presented technological development as fundamentally conducive to the emancipation of flows of desire by exploring political possibilities enabled by new technologies. The chapter outlines how different assemblages can be understood to encourage particular technological developments and explores the suggestion that the deterritorialisation of the capitalist axiomatic presents a ‘smooth space’ which produces lines of flight.
Simon Nicholson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014366
- eISBN:
- 9780262289603
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014366.003.0114
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
In the contemporary discourse of sacrifice in the context of climate change and environmental sustainability, geoengineering is believed to be a technology-based means to change and control a climate ...
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In the contemporary discourse of sacrifice in the context of climate change and environmental sustainability, geoengineering is believed to be a technology-based means to change and control a climate system. Geoengineering is getting attention and consideration worldwide from media outlets, commentators, and policymakers. The author explains that a technological development like geoengineering is a sacrifice-free form of action that fixes environmental concerns and reduces the burden. The author further discusses three hidden technological sacrifices: material, political, and existential.Less
In the contemporary discourse of sacrifice in the context of climate change and environmental sustainability, geoengineering is believed to be a technology-based means to change and control a climate system. Geoengineering is getting attention and consideration worldwide from media outlets, commentators, and policymakers. The author explains that a technological development like geoengineering is a sacrifice-free form of action that fixes environmental concerns and reduces the burden. The author further discusses three hidden technological sacrifices: material, political, and existential.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804780544
- eISBN:
- 9780804781916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804780544.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines the local and community institutions that influence technological development and markets for the pharmaceutical industry. It investigates the role of cities and localized ...
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This chapter examines the local and community institutions that influence technological development and markets for the pharmaceutical industry. It investigates the role of cities and localized production in the wider context of the distribution of medicines, changing global regulation, and knowledge production and national pressures for redistributive health politics. It also explores the political philosophies and local context that undergird market exchange and suggests that the regulation of production, delivery, and consumption influence the markets in distinct spatial, temporal, and historical ways.Less
This chapter examines the local and community institutions that influence technological development and markets for the pharmaceutical industry. It investigates the role of cities and localized production in the wider context of the distribution of medicines, changing global regulation, and knowledge production and national pressures for redistributive health politics. It also explores the political philosophies and local context that undergird market exchange and suggests that the regulation of production, delivery, and consumption influence the markets in distinct spatial, temporal, and historical ways.
Douglas B. Fuller
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198777205
- eISBN:
- 9780191822995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198777205.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
The Introduction sets the argument about which type of firms is driving China’s technological development in high-technology sectors. Hybrids are ethnic Chinese, foreign-invested firms that are the ...
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The Introduction sets the argument about which type of firms is driving China’s technological development in high-technology sectors. Hybrids are ethnic Chinese, foreign-invested firms that are the hidden dragons driving China’s technological development due to their combination of a commitment to developing China and strong links to foreign finance. They are hidden because they are not widely recognized as a distinct category of firms by the Chinese state and analysts of China’s economy. Standing in sad contrast to them, China’s domestic firms are the paper tigers. They have been the targets of the government’s state-run financial system and industrial policies, celebrated and feared in equal measure by foreign analysts. Yet the images of the technological prowess of these firms are by and large more fiction than fact, as this book demonstrates. Multinational corporations meanwhile contribute something to China’s technological development, but are not as committed to China as the hybrids.Less
The Introduction sets the argument about which type of firms is driving China’s technological development in high-technology sectors. Hybrids are ethnic Chinese, foreign-invested firms that are the hidden dragons driving China’s technological development due to their combination of a commitment to developing China and strong links to foreign finance. They are hidden because they are not widely recognized as a distinct category of firms by the Chinese state and analysts of China’s economy. Standing in sad contrast to them, China’s domestic firms are the paper tigers. They have been the targets of the government’s state-run financial system and industrial policies, celebrated and feared in equal measure by foreign analysts. Yet the images of the technological prowess of these firms are by and large more fiction than fact, as this book demonstrates. Multinational corporations meanwhile contribute something to China’s technological development, but are not as committed to China as the hybrids.
Brad Mehlenbacher
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262013949
- eISBN:
- 9780262289634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262013949.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
Emerging technological developments boost a ramification of learning contexts across different disciplines: Work, leisure, and higher-educational spaces. A detailed and thorough analysis of these ...
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Emerging technological developments boost a ramification of learning contexts across different disciplines: Work, leisure, and higher-educational spaces. A detailed and thorough analysis of these learning frameworks extends the perspective toward teaching and learning in technology-rich lives. This chapter explores various models of productivity and efficiency that steer many of the discussions about the influence of technology on instruction and learning. The next parts of the chapter discuss how it is extremely difficult to classify the learning spaces free of occupational commitment, efficiency management, and haste. The subparts of these preceding learning areas of expertise also focus on several complex issues: Problem-solving, accelerated activity and decision-making, everyday media interactions, and the growing need for collaboration are common issues across these domains.Less
Emerging technological developments boost a ramification of learning contexts across different disciplines: Work, leisure, and higher-educational spaces. A detailed and thorough analysis of these learning frameworks extends the perspective toward teaching and learning in technology-rich lives. This chapter explores various models of productivity and efficiency that steer many of the discussions about the influence of technology on instruction and learning. The next parts of the chapter discuss how it is extremely difficult to classify the learning spaces free of occupational commitment, efficiency management, and haste. The subparts of these preceding learning areas of expertise also focus on several complex issues: Problem-solving, accelerated activity and decision-making, everyday media interactions, and the growing need for collaboration are common issues across these domains.
Miklos Sarvary
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262016940
- eISBN:
- 9780262301176
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262016940.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
This chapter considers the history and future of information markets. It suggests that the advent of language played a key role in major technological developments and highlights its efficiency in ...
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This chapter considers the history and future of information markets. It suggests that the advent of language played a key role in major technological developments and highlights its efficiency in connecting the members of society. It also discusses the role of the Internet in allowing millions of people to interact with each other, sharing voice and text but also pictures, video and other rich media. This chapter also considers the evolution of the World Wide Web into a knowledge medium, where new content emerges from users’ collective contributions.Less
This chapter considers the history and future of information markets. It suggests that the advent of language played a key role in major technological developments and highlights its efficiency in connecting the members of society. It also discusses the role of the Internet in allowing millions of people to interact with each other, sharing voice and text but also pictures, video and other rich media. This chapter also considers the evolution of the World Wide Web into a knowledge medium, where new content emerges from users’ collective contributions.
Sudip Chaudhuri
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199458936
- eISBN:
- 9780199086887
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199458936.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The chapter deals with economic implications of intellectual property rights in developing countries. Patents have received the most attention among these rights and pharmaceutical industry is ...
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The chapter deals with economic implications of intellectual property rights in developing countries. Patents have received the most attention among these rights and pharmaceutical industry is considered to be the industry where patent protection is most relevant. The pharmaceutical industry in India is one of the most successful amongst others from the developing world. After a theoretical discussion of the benefits and costs of patent protection, the chapter discusses how India abolished patent protection for products in 1972 and developed the pharmaceutical industry. The chapter also discusses the impact of re-introduction of patent protection of pharmaceutical product in India in 2005, in line with the agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The chapter concludes on the note that the conventional wisdom, that developing countries do not benefit from the grant patent protection for pharmaceutical products, is still relevant.Less
The chapter deals with economic implications of intellectual property rights in developing countries. Patents have received the most attention among these rights and pharmaceutical industry is considered to be the industry where patent protection is most relevant. The pharmaceutical industry in India is one of the most successful amongst others from the developing world. After a theoretical discussion of the benefits and costs of patent protection, the chapter discusses how India abolished patent protection for products in 1972 and developed the pharmaceutical industry. The chapter also discusses the impact of re-introduction of patent protection of pharmaceutical product in India in 2005, in line with the agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The chapter concludes on the note that the conventional wisdom, that developing countries do not benefit from the grant patent protection for pharmaceutical products, is still relevant.
