Alfredo Bellen and Marino Zennaro
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198506546
- eISBN:
- 9780191709609
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198506546.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Numerical Analysis
The main purpose of the book is to introduce the numerical integration of the Cauchy problem for delay differential equations (DDEs) and of the neutral type. Comparisons between DDEs and ordinary ...
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The main purpose of the book is to introduce the numerical integration of the Cauchy problem for delay differential equations (DDEs) and of the neutral type. Comparisons between DDEs and ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are made using examples illustrating some unexpected and often surprising behaviours of the true and numerical solutions. The book briefly reviews the various approaches existing in the literature and develops an error and well-posedness analysis for general one-step and multistep methods. The continuous extensions of Runge-Kutta methods are presented in detail, which are useful for more general problems such as dense output and discontinuous equations. Some deeper insight into convergence and superconvergence is then carried out for DDEs with various kinds of delays. The stepsize control mechanism is developed on a firm mathematical basis. Classical results and an unconventional analysis of stability with respect to forcing term are reviewed for ODEs in view of the subsequent stability analysis for DDEs. Moreover, an exhaustive description of stability domains for some test DDEs is carried out and the corresponding investigations for the numerical methods are made. Reformulations of DDEs as partial differential equations and subsequent semi-discretization are described and compared with the classical approach. A list of available codes is provided.Less
The main purpose of the book is to introduce the numerical integration of the Cauchy problem for delay differential equations (DDEs) and of the neutral type. Comparisons between DDEs and ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are made using examples illustrating some unexpected and often surprising behaviours of the true and numerical solutions. The book briefly reviews the various approaches existing in the literature and develops an error and well-posedness analysis for general one-step and multistep methods. The continuous extensions of Runge-Kutta methods are presented in detail, which are useful for more general problems such as dense output and discontinuous equations. Some deeper insight into convergence and superconvergence is then carried out for DDEs with various kinds of delays. The stepsize control mechanism is developed on a firm mathematical basis. Classical results and an unconventional analysis of stability with respect to forcing term are reviewed for ODEs in view of the subsequent stability analysis for DDEs. Moreover, an exhaustive description of stability domains for some test DDEs is carried out and the corresponding investigations for the numerical methods are made. Reformulations of DDEs as partial differential equations and subsequent semi-discretization are described and compared with the classical approach. A list of available codes is provided.
Peter J. Burke and Jan E. Stets
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195388275
- eISBN:
- 9780199943937
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388275.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Psychology and Interaction
The concept of identity has become widespread within the social and behavioral sciences in recent years, cutting across disciplines from psychiatry and psychology to political science and sociology. ...
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The concept of identity has become widespread within the social and behavioral sciences in recent years, cutting across disciplines from psychiatry and psychology to political science and sociology. All individuals claim particular identities given their roles in society, groups they belong to, and characteristics that describe themselves. Introduced almost thirty years ago, identity theory is a social psychological theory that attempts to understand identities, their sources in interaction and society, their processes of operation, and their consequences for interaction and society from a sociological perspective. This book describes identity theory, its origins, the research that supports it, and its future direction. It covers the relation between identity theory and other related theories, as well as the nature and operation of identities. In addition, the book discusses the multiple identities individuals hold from their multiple positions in society and organizations as well as the multiple identities activated by many people interacting in groups and organizations. Finally, it covers the manner in which identities offer both stability and change to individuals. Step by step, the book makes the full range of this powerful new theory understandable.Less
The concept of identity has become widespread within the social and behavioral sciences in recent years, cutting across disciplines from psychiatry and psychology to political science and sociology. All individuals claim particular identities given their roles in society, groups they belong to, and characteristics that describe themselves. Introduced almost thirty years ago, identity theory is a social psychological theory that attempts to understand identities, their sources in interaction and society, their processes of operation, and their consequences for interaction and society from a sociological perspective. This book describes identity theory, its origins, the research that supports it, and its future direction. It covers the relation between identity theory and other related theories, as well as the nature and operation of identities. In addition, the book discusses the multiple identities individuals hold from their multiple positions in society and organizations as well as the multiple identities activated by many people interacting in groups and organizations. Finally, it covers the manner in which identities offer both stability and change to individuals. Step by step, the book makes the full range of this powerful new theory understandable.
Dermot Hodson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199572502
- eISBN:
- 9780191728860
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572502.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy, European Union
Can the euro area survive without a centralized economic policy? What lessons can be drawn from Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) about new modes of policymaking in the European Union? Have euro area ...
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Can the euro area survive without a centralized economic policy? What lessons can be drawn from Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) about new modes of policymaking in the European Union? Have euro area members spoken with one voice on the international stage and what does this mean for the European Union's ambitions to be a global actor? This book explores these key questions through an in-depth study of euro area governance from the launch of the single currency in 1999 to the sovereign debt crisis of 2010. Drawing insights from the study of European Union politics, comparative political economy, and international political economy, it examines: Economic and Monetary Union's break from the European Union's traditional modus operandi, the Community method; the European Central Bank's ambivalence about ever closer union; the Eurogroup's rise and fall as a forum for coordination; the interplay between national institutions and the stability and growth pact; the Broad Economic Policy Guidelines' failure to apply peer pressure; the European Union's influence within the G20 and the International Monetary Fund at the height of the global financial crisis; euro diplomacy towards China and other rising powers; and debates about the fate of EMU and the reform of euro area governance in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. The book's conclusions challenge claims that the euro area is in crisis because of its decentralized approach to decision-making alone and the corollary that the euro can be saved only through a further transfer of sovereignty to the supranational level.Less
Can the euro area survive without a centralized economic policy? What lessons can be drawn from Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) about new modes of policymaking in the European Union? Have euro area members spoken with one voice on the international stage and what does this mean for the European Union's ambitions to be a global actor? This book explores these key questions through an in-depth study of euro area governance from the launch of the single currency in 1999 to the sovereign debt crisis of 2010. Drawing insights from the study of European Union politics, comparative political economy, and international political economy, it examines: Economic and Monetary Union's break from the European Union's traditional modus operandi, the Community method; the European Central Bank's ambivalence about ever closer union; the Eurogroup's rise and fall as a forum for coordination; the interplay between national institutions and the stability and growth pact; the Broad Economic Policy Guidelines' failure to apply peer pressure; the European Union's influence within the G20 and the International Monetary Fund at the height of the global financial crisis; euro diplomacy towards China and other rising powers; and debates about the fate of EMU and the reform of euro area governance in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. The book's conclusions challenge claims that the euro area is in crisis because of its decentralized approach to decision-making alone and the corollary that the euro can be saved only through a further transfer of sovereignty to the supranational level.
Stefano Atzeni and Jürgen Meyer-ter-Vehn
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198562641
- eISBN:
- 9780191714030
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198562641.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Nuclear and Plasma Physics
The book is devoted to targets for nuclear fusion by inertial confinement and to the various branches of physics involved. It first discusses fusion reactions and general requirements for fusion ...
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The book is devoted to targets for nuclear fusion by inertial confinement and to the various branches of physics involved. It first discusses fusion reactions and general requirements for fusion energy production. It then introduces and illustrates the concept of inertial confinement fusion by spherical implosion, followed by detailed treatments of the physics of fusion ignition and burn, and of energy gain. The next part of the book is mostly devoted to the underlying physics involved in inertial fusion, and covers hydrodynamics, hydrodynamic stability, radiative transport and equations-of-state of hot dense matter, laser and ion beam interaction with plasma. It discusses different approaches to inertial fusion (direct-drive by laser, indirect-drive by laser or ion beams), including recent developments in fast ignition. The goal of the book is to give an introduction to this subject, and also to provide practical results even when derived on the basis of simplified models.Less
The book is devoted to targets for nuclear fusion by inertial confinement and to the various branches of physics involved. It first discusses fusion reactions and general requirements for fusion energy production. It then introduces and illustrates the concept of inertial confinement fusion by spherical implosion, followed by detailed treatments of the physics of fusion ignition and burn, and of energy gain. The next part of the book is mostly devoted to the underlying physics involved in inertial fusion, and covers hydrodynamics, hydrodynamic stability, radiative transport and equations-of-state of hot dense matter, laser and ion beam interaction with plasma. It discusses different approaches to inertial fusion (direct-drive by laser, indirect-drive by laser or ion beams), including recent developments in fast ignition. The goal of the book is to give an introduction to this subject, and also to provide practical results even when derived on the basis of simplified models.
Yung Chul Park
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199276776
- eISBN:
- 9780191603051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199276773.003.0025
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
China’s growing influence has become a concern in terms of its role and potential dominance in East Asian integration. The key to a successful new paradigm for East Asia involves taking elements from ...
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China’s growing influence has become a concern in terms of its role and potential dominance in East Asian integration. The key to a successful new paradigm for East Asia involves taking elements from both the pre-crisis and Anglo-American models resulting in better policy coordination, more efficient regional cooperative agreements, and deeper integration.Less
China’s growing influence has become a concern in terms of its role and potential dominance in East Asian integration. The key to a successful new paradigm for East Asia involves taking elements from both the pre-crisis and Anglo-American models resulting in better policy coordination, more efficient regional cooperative agreements, and deeper integration.
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199270569
- eISBN:
- 9780191602542
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199270562.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This book presents eight essays on financial regulation, focusing on the European context. Essay one examines the concept of market-friendly regulation. Essay two discusses the need for stronger bank ...
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This book presents eight essays on financial regulation, focusing on the European context. Essay one examines the concept of market-friendly regulation. Essay two discusses the need for stronger bank licensing principles. Essay three explores the changing attitude towards banking competition. Essay four discusses self-regulation by financial institutions. Essay five explores the increasing links between banking and securities activities. Essay six examines the organisational structure of financial regulatory and supervisory functions. Essays seven and eight discuss the abandonment of the coincidence between the jurisdiction of monetary policy and the jurisdiction of banking supervision, and the important role of central banks in financial stability, respectively.Less
This book presents eight essays on financial regulation, focusing on the European context. Essay one examines the concept of market-friendly regulation. Essay two discusses the need for stronger bank licensing principles. Essay three explores the changing attitude towards banking competition. Essay four discusses self-regulation by financial institutions. Essay five explores the increasing links between banking and securities activities. Essay six examines the organisational structure of financial regulatory and supervisory functions. Essays seven and eight discuss the abandonment of the coincidence between the jurisdiction of monetary policy and the jurisdiction of banking supervision, and the important role of central banks in financial stability, respectively.
David McKay
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198296775
- eISBN:
- 9780191685279
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296775.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This book examines the decision to adopt European Monetary Union (EMU) as a federal bargain by the European Union, designed to provide the countries of Europe with a bulwark against the volatility of ...
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This book examines the decision to adopt European Monetary Union (EMU) as a federal bargain by the European Union, designed to provide the countries of Europe with a bulwark against the volatility of the international economy. Although the precise motives of the participants varied from country to country, all were agreed that only federal-like political and economic arrangements would provide a guarantee of economic and political stability. The book provides a coherent theoretical framework for understanding the decisions taken at Maastricht and later. By making comparisons with other federations, the book also examines the political and economic conditions under which federations succeed or fail. It concludes that EMU will only be politically sustainable if novel ways are found to limit centrally imposed fiscal and spending policies.Less
This book examines the decision to adopt European Monetary Union (EMU) as a federal bargain by the European Union, designed to provide the countries of Europe with a bulwark against the volatility of the international economy. Although the precise motives of the participants varied from country to country, all were agreed that only federal-like political and economic arrangements would provide a guarantee of economic and political stability. The book provides a coherent theoretical framework for understanding the decisions taken at Maastricht and later. By making comparisons with other federations, the book also examines the political and economic conditions under which federations succeed or fail. It concludes that EMU will only be politically sustainable if novel ways are found to limit centrally imposed fiscal and spending policies.
Michio Morishima
- Published in print:
- 1963
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198281450
- eISBN:
- 9780191596650
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198281455.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book brings together papers that were published by the author in several journals, and which have been revised and contain some new material. The main model carried through the whole book is ...
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This book brings together papers that were published by the author in several journals, and which have been revised and contain some new material. The main model carried through the whole book is Leontief's input–output system, which is dynamized from various points of view. Chapter 1 discusses formal similarities between the exchange equilibrium under weak gross substitutability and the static input–output system. Chapter 2 is concerned with the stability of the mixed Walras–Leontief system. Chapters 3 and 4 are companion chapters dealing with a mixture of the dynamic Leontief system and the Walrasian model of capital formation. Chapters 5 and 6 are devoted to an analysis of the von Neumann model of economic expansion, which may be considered as a variant of the dynamic Leontief system. Finally, an Appendix generalizes the classical theorems on non‐negative matrices to systems of non‐linear and homogeneous functions.Less
This book brings together papers that were published by the author in several journals, and which have been revised and contain some new material. The main model carried through the whole book is Leontief's input–output system, which is dynamized from various points of view. Chapter 1 discusses formal similarities between the exchange equilibrium under weak gross substitutability and the static input–output system. Chapter 2 is concerned with the stability of the mixed Walras–Leontief system. Chapters 3 and 4 are companion chapters dealing with a mixture of the dynamic Leontief system and the Walrasian model of capital formation. Chapters 5 and 6 are devoted to an analysis of the von Neumann model of economic expansion, which may be considered as a variant of the dynamic Leontief system. Finally, an Appendix generalizes the classical theorems on non‐negative matrices to systems of non‐linear and homogeneous functions.
J. Mohan Rao, Ethan B. Kapstein, and Amartya Sen
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195130522
- eISBN:
- 9780199867363
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195130529.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
Economic and cultural globalization seem to have ushered in an awkward and potentially unstable period of transition for the world. Even if one supposes that free trade and unrestricted capital ...
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Economic and cultural globalization seem to have ushered in an awkward and potentially unstable period of transition for the world. Even if one supposes that free trade and unrestricted capital mobility can eventually result in global factor price equalization and international equality, the transition may take decades if not centuries. At stake are questions of how to distribute the costs incurred, and the benefits to be derived, by cooperative action to create global public goods or minimize global public bads. Questions of equity are also implicated in the origin of the global problems themselves. International negotiations are influenced by unequal economic and bargaining strengths and the diverse stages of development at which nations find themselves.The basic argument of this chapter is that equity and distributional criteria must be at the core of a global public goods framework for international cooperation. There are several reasons behind this. First, equity and justice promote cooperative behavior, itself needed for the provision of public goods. Second, when the system is perceived to be fair and equitable, nations will participate in it willingly. Third, global equity is itself a public good that, without cooperation or coercion (i.e., in a decentralized setting), may be undersupplied. The undersupply may be because, e.g., there is no private market through which nations or individuals may meet their need to give.Thus, the first section of this chapter sets the stage by outlining the continuing role of inequality among nations in shaping the world. The second section considers the potential instrumental value of social cohesion in public goods supply (equity for public goods). After that, the chapter considers how distributional factors affect the demand and supply of public goods. Then, it pursues the proposition (originally from Thurow, 1971) that the distribution of income is itself a public good. The final section offers conclusions. The rest of the chapter illustrates the value of equity for the production of public goods, in the distribution of public goods, and as a public good itself.Less
Economic and cultural globalization seem to have ushered in an awkward and potentially unstable period of transition for the world. Even if one supposes that free trade and unrestricted capital mobility can eventually result in global factor price equalization and international equality, the transition may take decades if not centuries. At stake are questions of how to distribute the costs incurred, and the benefits to be derived, by cooperative action to create global public goods or minimize global public bads. Questions of equity are also implicated in the origin of the global problems themselves. International negotiations are influenced by unequal economic and bargaining strengths and the diverse stages of development at which nations find themselves.
The basic argument of this chapter is that equity and distributional criteria must be at the core of a global public goods framework for international cooperation. There are several reasons behind this. First, equity and justice promote cooperative behavior, itself needed for the provision of public goods. Second, when the system is perceived to be fair and equitable, nations will participate in it willingly. Third, global equity is itself a public good that, without cooperation or coercion (i.e., in a decentralized setting), may be undersupplied. The undersupply may be because, e.g., there is no private market through which nations or individuals may meet their need to give.
Thus, the first section of this chapter sets the stage by outlining the continuing role of inequality among nations in shaping the world. The second section considers the potential instrumental value of social cohesion in public goods supply (equity for public goods). After that, the chapter considers how distributional factors affect the demand and supply of public goods. Then, it pursues the proposition (originally from Thurow, 1971) that the distribution of income is itself a public good. The final section offers conclusions. The rest of the chapter illustrates the value of equity for the production of public goods, in the distribution of public goods, and as a public good itself.
Franklin M. Fisher
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199298839
- eISBN:
- 9780191711480
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298839.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
This chapter draws attention to the topic of stability in the 21st century, for it has not yet reached a ‘satisfactory’ conclusion. When rummaging into the equations of a theory — be it simple supply ...
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This chapter draws attention to the topic of stability in the 21st century, for it has not yet reached a ‘satisfactory’ conclusion. When rummaging into the equations of a theory — be it simple supply and demand equation — one always wants to know its stability properties in order to know the predictive power of models for scientific appraisals. Samuelson likened stability behavior to the soul and mind of business. It encompasses both statics and dynamics analyses, that is, instantaneous or timeless determination of economic variables by mutually interdependent relations. There is a formal dependence between comparative statics and dynamics, namely, the Correspondence Principle. Stability concerns are here to stay. All models of reality call upon them to assess their compatibility. Samuelson has grounded stability in dynamics, which is promising for the 21st century economics.Less
This chapter draws attention to the topic of stability in the 21st century, for it has not yet reached a ‘satisfactory’ conclusion. When rummaging into the equations of a theory — be it simple supply and demand equation — one always wants to know its stability properties in order to know the predictive power of models for scientific appraisals. Samuelson likened stability behavior to the soul and mind of business. It encompasses both statics and dynamics analyses, that is, instantaneous or timeless determination of economic variables by mutually interdependent relations. There is a formal dependence between comparative statics and dynamics, namely, the Correspondence Principle. Stability concerns are here to stay. All models of reality call upon them to assess their compatibility. Samuelson has grounded stability in dynamics, which is promising for the 21st century economics.
