Gary Weismer and Yunjung Kim
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199235797
- eISBN:
- 9780191696671
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235797.003.0013
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Sensory and Motor Systems
This chapter presents a historical overview of the Mayo Clinic perspective on motor speech disorders, and argues that this perspective has served its purpose and should be abandoned in favour of a ...
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This chapter presents a historical overview of the Mayo Clinic perspective on motor speech disorders, and argues that this perspective has served its purpose and should be abandoned in favour of a different approach. The Mayo Clinic perspective assumes a tight coupling between ‘classic’ neurological symptoms of the various diseases causing dysarthria and the associated speech symptoms; there is little or no empirical support for this assumption. Moreover, the Mayo Clinic perspective has fostered a scientific concern with oromotor, nonverbal performance of persons with motor speech disorders, but there is little evidence that such a concern has produced insights to the speech production disorder in dysarthria or apraxia of speech. The scientific literature on dysarthria and apraxia of speech has been very concerned with the differences between the dysarthria types originally identified in the Mayo Clinic studies, and between dysarthria and apraxia of speech, yet a careful examination of the literature reveals many speech production phenomena that are similar across these speech disorders. The chapter argues for a speech production and perception program that identifies these commonalities as ‘core’ phenomena of motor speech disorders. Knowledge of these core phenomena will permit a more specific identification of the speech production and perception factors that truly distinguish different kinds of motor speech disorder. Motor speech disorders should be pursued scientifically by a focus on speech research, rather than work on oromotor, nonspeech behaviours.Less
This chapter presents a historical overview of the Mayo Clinic perspective on motor speech disorders, and argues that this perspective has served its purpose and should be abandoned in favour of a different approach. The Mayo Clinic perspective assumes a tight coupling between ‘classic’ neurological symptoms of the various diseases causing dysarthria and the associated speech symptoms; there is little or no empirical support for this assumption. Moreover, the Mayo Clinic perspective has fostered a scientific concern with oromotor, nonverbal performance of persons with motor speech disorders, but there is little evidence that such a concern has produced insights to the speech production disorder in dysarthria or apraxia of speech. The scientific literature on dysarthria and apraxia of speech has been very concerned with the differences between the dysarthria types originally identified in the Mayo Clinic studies, and between dysarthria and apraxia of speech, yet a careful examination of the literature reveals many speech production phenomena that are similar across these speech disorders. The chapter argues for a speech production and perception program that identifies these commonalities as ‘core’ phenomena of motor speech disorders. Knowledge of these core phenomena will permit a more specific identification of the speech production and perception factors that truly distinguish different kinds of motor speech disorder. Motor speech disorders should be pursued scientifically by a focus on speech research, rather than work on oromotor, nonspeech behaviours.
Patrick McNamara
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262016087
- eISBN:
- 9780262298360
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262016087.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) suffer most visibly with such motor deficits as tremor and rigidity and less obviously with a range of nonmotor symptoms, including autonomic dysfunction, mood ...
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Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) suffer most visibly with such motor deficits as tremor and rigidity and less obviously with a range of nonmotor symptoms, including autonomic dysfunction, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment. The neuropsychiatric disturbances of PD can be as disabling as its motor disorders, but they have only recently begun to be studied intensively by clinicians and scientists. This book examines the major neuropsychiatric syndromes of PD in detail and offers a cognitive theory that accounts for both their neurology and their phenomenology. It offers a review of knowledge of such neuropsychiatric manifestations of PD as cognitive deficits, personality changes, speech and language symptoms, sleep disorders, apathy, psychosis, and dementia. The author argues that the cognitive, mood, and personality symptoms of PD stem from the weakening or suppression of the agentic aspects of the self. The author’s study aims to arrive at a better understanding of the human mind and its breakdown patterns in patients with PD. The human mind-brain is an elaborate and complex structure patched together to produce what we call the self. When we observe the disruption of the self structure, which occurs with the various neuropsychiatric disorders associated with PD, the author argues, we get a glimpse into the inner workings of the most spectacular structure of the self: The agentic self, the self that acts.Less
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) suffer most visibly with such motor deficits as tremor and rigidity and less obviously with a range of nonmotor symptoms, including autonomic dysfunction, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment. The neuropsychiatric disturbances of PD can be as disabling as its motor disorders, but they have only recently begun to be studied intensively by clinicians and scientists. This book examines the major neuropsychiatric syndromes of PD in detail and offers a cognitive theory that accounts for both their neurology and their phenomenology. It offers a review of knowledge of such neuropsychiatric manifestations of PD as cognitive deficits, personality changes, speech and language symptoms, sleep disorders, apathy, psychosis, and dementia. The author argues that the cognitive, mood, and personality symptoms of PD stem from the weakening or suppression of the agentic aspects of the self. The author’s study aims to arrive at a better understanding of the human mind and its breakdown patterns in patients with PD. The human mind-brain is an elaborate and complex structure patched together to produce what we call the self. When we observe the disruption of the self structure, which occurs with the various neuropsychiatric disorders associated with PD, the author argues, we get a glimpse into the inner workings of the most spectacular structure of the self: The agentic self, the self that acts.
