John Strickland (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028382
- eISBN:
- 9789882207400
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028382.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This is a collection of administrative dispatches from the 1910s through the early 1960s which illuminate not only rural life in Hong Kong but also Hong Kong government policies during the post-World ...
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This is a collection of administrative dispatches from the 1910s through the early 1960s which illuminate not only rural life in Hong Kong but also Hong Kong government policies during the post-World War II period. The authors of the reports include Eric Hamilton, Walter Schofield, S. H. Peplow, Paul Tsui, Austin Coates, and James Hayes. The volume is an addition to the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Studies series, which has played a vital role in reviving and sustaining local history.Less
This is a collection of administrative dispatches from the 1910s through the early 1960s which illuminate not only rural life in Hong Kong but also Hong Kong government policies during the post-World War II period. The authors of the reports include Eric Hamilton, Walter Schofield, S. H. Peplow, Paul Tsui, Austin Coates, and James Hayes. The volume is an addition to the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Studies series, which has played a vital role in reviving and sustaining local history.
Gail Kligman and Katherine Verdery
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691149721
- eISBN:
- 9781400840434
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691149721.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This introductory chapter provides a background of the collectivization of agriculture in Romania. The collectivization of agriculture was the first mass action, in largely agrarian countries like ...
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This introductory chapter provides a background of the collectivization of agriculture in Romania. The collectivization of agriculture was the first mass action, in largely agrarian countries like the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, and Romania, through which the new communist regime initiated its radical program of social, political, cultural, and economic transformation. Collectivizing agriculture was not merely an aspect of the larger policy of industrial development but an attack on the very foundations of rural life. By leaving rural inhabitants without their own means of livelihood, it radically increased their dependence on the Party-state. It both prepared and compelled them to be the proletarians of new industrial facilities. Moreover, it destroyed or at least frayed both the vertical and the horizontal social relations in which villagers were embedded and through which they defined themselves and pursued their existence.Less
This introductory chapter provides a background of the collectivization of agriculture in Romania. The collectivization of agriculture was the first mass action, in largely agrarian countries like the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, and Romania, through which the new communist regime initiated its radical program of social, political, cultural, and economic transformation. Collectivizing agriculture was not merely an aspect of the larger policy of industrial development but an attack on the very foundations of rural life. By leaving rural inhabitants without their own means of livelihood, it radically increased their dependence on the Party-state. It both prepared and compelled them to be the proletarians of new industrial facilities. Moreover, it destroyed or at least frayed both the vertical and the horizontal social relations in which villagers were embedded and through which they defined themselves and pursued their existence.
David Midgley
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198151791
- eISBN:
- 9780191672835
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198151791.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter describes the traditionally strong antagonism between stereotypical conceptions of urban and rural life, and the particular political significance with which it became invested under the ...
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This chapter describes the traditionally strong antagonism between stereotypical conceptions of urban and rural life, and the particular political significance with which it became invested under the circumstances of the Weimar Republic. The main goal is to examine how the cultural tensions of the time are reflected in the depiction of Berlin on the one hand and provincial society on the other.Less
This chapter describes the traditionally strong antagonism between stereotypical conceptions of urban and rural life, and the particular political significance with which it became invested under the circumstances of the Weimar Republic. The main goal is to examine how the cultural tensions of the time are reflected in the depiction of Berlin on the one hand and provincial society on the other.
John M. Merriman
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195064384
- eISBN:
- 9780199854424
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195064384.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter emphasizes the “awkward embrace” between city and country not only in the faubourg but also in the persistence of an urban agricultural population. In addition, it considers how the ...
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This chapter emphasizes the “awkward embrace” between city and country not only in the faubourg but also in the persistence of an urban agricultural population. In addition, it considers how the troubled relationship between state and city affected the urban periphery, and presents an overview of the role of industry in the development of the faubourg. To understand the urban periphery in France during the first half of the nineteenth century, it explores three things: the relationship between state and city as reflected in town walls, particularly military fortifications; the persistence of rural life on the edge of city and town, and within it; and finally, the place of industry in the emergence of the nineteenth-century faubourg.Less
This chapter emphasizes the “awkward embrace” between city and country not only in the faubourg but also in the persistence of an urban agricultural population. In addition, it considers how the troubled relationship between state and city affected the urban periphery, and presents an overview of the role of industry in the development of the faubourg. To understand the urban periphery in France during the first half of the nineteenth century, it explores three things: the relationship between state and city as reflected in town walls, particularly military fortifications; the persistence of rural life on the edge of city and town, and within it; and finally, the place of industry in the emergence of the nineteenth-century faubourg.
M.N. Srinivas
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198077459
- eISBN:
- 9780199081165
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077459.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter describes the quality of social relations in Rampura. The principle of reciprocity was basic to rural social life. Muyyi was the term used for exchange of labour, and it was resorted to ...
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This chapter describes the quality of social relations in Rampura. The principle of reciprocity was basic to rural social life. Muyyi was the term used for exchange of labour, and it was resorted to when the need for agricultural labour was at its peak. The omnipresence of hierarchical ideas had led to the proliferation and refinement of the symbols of superordination and subordination. The word moka or face was heard frequently in conversation. It stood for a person's image before others and for his self-respect. Friendship and enmity were both widely recognized relationships between individuals, families, and lineages. Gossip was an important activity in the village, and certain features of rural life provided an ideal soil for it. Envy was also a familiar phenomenon. Meanwhile, a sense of humour was an integral part of Indian village life, even though anthropological studies show no evidence of it.Less
This chapter describes the quality of social relations in Rampura. The principle of reciprocity was basic to rural social life. Muyyi was the term used for exchange of labour, and it was resorted to when the need for agricultural labour was at its peak. The omnipresence of hierarchical ideas had led to the proliferation and refinement of the symbols of superordination and subordination. The word moka or face was heard frequently in conversation. It stood for a person's image before others and for his self-respect. Friendship and enmity were both widely recognized relationships between individuals, families, and lineages. Gossip was an important activity in the village, and certain features of rural life provided an ideal soil for it. Envy was also a familiar phenomenon. Meanwhile, a sense of humour was an integral part of Indian village life, even though anthropological studies show no evidence of it.
Marjorie Topley
Jean DeBernardi (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028146
- eISBN:
- 9789882206663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028146.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
In China in the nineteenth century some of the most important ideas which were religious, or had religious implications, linked the destiny of individuals to their ancestors; to numerous gods and ...
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In China in the nineteenth century some of the most important ideas which were religious, or had religious implications, linked the destiny of individuals to their ancestors; to numerous gods and sanctified worthies; and to certain cosmic “ethers” and “elements” and their process. Rural China was by no means homogeneous in the nineteenth century. It was dotted with villages of different size and composition: some, particularly in the south-east, consisted of single lineages or “clans.” Religion entered into the organization of such communities everywhere to some extent. The nineteenth century was a time when villages had to provide a great deal in the way of their own control and often appealed to religious ideas to do so. The chapter deals four kinds of religious association and semi-religious association in rural life and it begins with an analysis of ancestral cults.Less
In China in the nineteenth century some of the most important ideas which were religious, or had religious implications, linked the destiny of individuals to their ancestors; to numerous gods and sanctified worthies; and to certain cosmic “ethers” and “elements” and their process. Rural China was by no means homogeneous in the nineteenth century. It was dotted with villages of different size and composition: some, particularly in the south-east, consisted of single lineages or “clans.” Religion entered into the organization of such communities everywhere to some extent. The nineteenth century was a time when villages had to provide a great deal in the way of their own control and often appealed to religious ideas to do so. The chapter deals four kinds of religious association and semi-religious association in rural life and it begins with an analysis of ancestral cults.
Philip Thibodeau
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520268326
- eISBN:
- 9780520950252
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520268326.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter attempts to bring to the fore representations of leisure (otium) and villa culture in the Georgics. Despite realistic elements, these also constitute a fantasy that can be usefully ...
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This chapter attempts to bring to the fore representations of leisure (otium) and villa culture in the Georgics. Despite realistic elements, these also constitute a fantasy that can be usefully analyzed in terms of its emphases and omissions, shaped by moral and aesthetic concerns. It first considers Vergil's use of prestige language—value terms like honor, Gloria, and dignitas, heavy in their social overtones—that are attached to elements of rural life. It then looks at the poem's habit of tracing the traditions of the countryside back to their origins in a mythological or heroic past, so that they acquire a dignified genealogy. It next analyzes the poem's representations of festivals within a rustic setting, in order to tie those images to aristocratic habits of euergestism and communal patronage. Finally, it takes a close look at the most extended and explicit account of rustication in the poem, the Laudes Ruris, “Praises of the Countryside” sequence at the end of book 2, observing how Vergil uses that passage to weave the aforementioned themes together.Less
This chapter attempts to bring to the fore representations of leisure (otium) and villa culture in the Georgics. Despite realistic elements, these also constitute a fantasy that can be usefully analyzed in terms of its emphases and omissions, shaped by moral and aesthetic concerns. It first considers Vergil's use of prestige language—value terms like honor, Gloria, and dignitas, heavy in their social overtones—that are attached to elements of rural life. It then looks at the poem's habit of tracing the traditions of the countryside back to their origins in a mythological or heroic past, so that they acquire a dignified genealogy. It next analyzes the poem's representations of festivals within a rustic setting, in order to tie those images to aristocratic habits of euergestism and communal patronage. Finally, it takes a close look at the most extended and explicit account of rustication in the poem, the Laudes Ruris, “Praises of the Countryside” sequence at the end of book 2, observing how Vergil uses that passage to weave the aforementioned themes together.
Kevin M. Lowe
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190249458
- eISBN:
- 9780190249472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190249458.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter focuses on some of the effects that ecumenical agrarian institutions had on local communities. Agrarian reformers took a strong interest in the experience of rural congregations. Drawing ...
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This chapter focuses on some of the effects that ecumenical agrarian institutions had on local communities. Agrarian reformers took a strong interest in the experience of rural congregations. Drawing on a Progressive heritage, they promoted “spiritual efficiency,” including new cooperative strategies for organizing and running churches. The chapter describes programs for consolidating churches, including the larger parish plan, and presents a case study of Tompkins County, New York. At the same time, individual denominations and ecumenical organizations continued to work with ostensibly secular organizations like 4-H to promote rural-focused community celebrations. This rural spirituality found expression especially in two newly designed festivals: Rural Life Sunday and Harvest Home Sunday, which were designed to cement rural people’s devotion to the countryside.Less
This chapter focuses on some of the effects that ecumenical agrarian institutions had on local communities. Agrarian reformers took a strong interest in the experience of rural congregations. Drawing on a Progressive heritage, they promoted “spiritual efficiency,” including new cooperative strategies for organizing and running churches. The chapter describes programs for consolidating churches, including the larger parish plan, and presents a case study of Tompkins County, New York. At the same time, individual denominations and ecumenical organizations continued to work with ostensibly secular organizations like 4-H to promote rural-focused community celebrations. This rural spirituality found expression especially in two newly designed festivals: Rural Life Sunday and Harvest Home Sunday, which were designed to cement rural people’s devotion to the countryside.
Stuart Eagles
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199602414
- eISBN:
- 9780191725050
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602414.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Ideas
Ruskin's utopianist Guild of St. George was the embodiment of his social challenge. An extension of his personality, it grew partly out of his early involvement with the Working Men's College in ...
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Ruskin's utopianist Guild of St. George was the embodiment of his social challenge. An extension of his personality, it grew partly out of his early involvement with the Working Men's College in London. In microcosm, the Guild served directly both to help educate the workman through a free and carefully organised Museum in Sheffield, and to return a few of Ruskin's most loyal Companions, to a simple rural life. Others, working in the spirit of the Guild, but not directly for it, revived traditional handicrafts in the Lake District and on the Isle of Man. Before Ruskin's death, the dedication of his Companions was responsible for securing the Guild's modest successes, and although their efforts became less focused after 1900, they continued to support the sorts of progressive social institutions in which many of Ruskin's disciples congregated outside the Guild.Less
Ruskin's utopianist Guild of St. George was the embodiment of his social challenge. An extension of his personality, it grew partly out of his early involvement with the Working Men's College in London. In microcosm, the Guild served directly both to help educate the workman through a free and carefully organised Museum in Sheffield, and to return a few of Ruskin's most loyal Companions, to a simple rural life. Others, working in the spirit of the Guild, but not directly for it, revived traditional handicrafts in the Lake District and on the Isle of Man. Before Ruskin's death, the dedication of his Companions was responsible for securing the Guild's modest successes, and although their efforts became less focused after 1900, they continued to support the sorts of progressive social institutions in which many of Ruskin's disciples congregated outside the Guild.
David Eastwood
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204817
- eISBN:
- 9780191676406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204817.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The rhythms of rural life and the institutions of the village community offered points of reference and a means of establishing an individual's economic role and social location. This chapter ...
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The rhythms of rural life and the institutions of the village community offered points of reference and a means of establishing an individual's economic role and social location. This chapter describes the Laws of Settlement and parish vestry. Over 90% of local taxation was absorbed by the parish, and the proportion could rise above 95% when poor-relief expenditure reached unprecedented levels in response to inflated food prices and extensive structural underemployment. The parish vestry and its officers were preoccupied with narrowly parochial concerns and this led to frequent clashes between parish officials and magistrates whose administrative perspective was regional rather than narrowly parochial.Less
The rhythms of rural life and the institutions of the village community offered points of reference and a means of establishing an individual's economic role and social location. This chapter describes the Laws of Settlement and parish vestry. Over 90% of local taxation was absorbed by the parish, and the proportion could rise above 95% when poor-relief expenditure reached unprecedented levels in response to inflated food prices and extensive structural underemployment. The parish vestry and its officers were preoccupied with narrowly parochial concerns and this led to frequent clashes between parish officials and magistrates whose administrative perspective was regional rather than narrowly parochial.
Sonya Salamon
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807845530
- eISBN:
- 9781469616094
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9781469611181_Salamon
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
This book consolidates, refines, advances and grounds recent scholarship that challenges familiar platitudes about family farming and rural life in the United States. Its approach yields a depth of ...
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This book consolidates, refines, advances and grounds recent scholarship that challenges familiar platitudes about family farming and rural life in the United States. Its approach yields a depth of information about farming culture not usually found in the literature on rural America. The book takes the reader on a cultural tour of a cherished American institution and landscape: midwestern farm families and their farms. With attention to detail and knowledge borne of first-hand study over many years, the author reveals the pervasive imprint of ethnicity. The book represents one of those rare studies that enrich our social vision and understanding in extraordinary ways. It contributes to the study of agriculture and culture, and its cross-disciplinary approach will engage scholars in many areas. For historians, it is an illustration that different behaviors between American and immigrant farmers, planted over a century ago in the Middle West, have endured to the present.Less
This book consolidates, refines, advances and grounds recent scholarship that challenges familiar platitudes about family farming and rural life in the United States. Its approach yields a depth of information about farming culture not usually found in the literature on rural America. The book takes the reader on a cultural tour of a cherished American institution and landscape: midwestern farm families and their farms. With attention to detail and knowledge borne of first-hand study over many years, the author reveals the pervasive imprint of ethnicity. The book represents one of those rare studies that enrich our social vision and understanding in extraordinary ways. It contributes to the study of agriculture and culture, and its cross-disciplinary approach will engage scholars in many areas. For historians, it is an illustration that different behaviors between American and immigrant farmers, planted over a century ago in the Middle West, have endured to the present.
Michael G. Cronin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719086137
- eISBN:
- 9781781704707
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719086137.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter focuses on the works of Maura Laverty and Patrick Kavanagh. It first analyses Kavanagh' two versions of the Bildungsroman: his autobiography The Green Fool (1938) and his novel Tarry ...
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This chapter focuses on the works of Maura Laverty and Patrick Kavanagh. It first analyses Kavanagh' two versions of the Bildungsroman: his autobiography The Green Fool (1938) and his novel Tarry Flynn (1948). It then compares his works with Maura Laverty, whose works depict sexuality, rural life and Irish underdevelopment. The chapter argues that Laverty's and Kavanagh's youth narratives and their visions of rural Ireland were important innovations in the history of the Irish Bildungsroman.Less
This chapter focuses on the works of Maura Laverty and Patrick Kavanagh. It first analyses Kavanagh' two versions of the Bildungsroman: his autobiography The Green Fool (1938) and his novel Tarry Flynn (1948). It then compares his works with Maura Laverty, whose works depict sexuality, rural life and Irish underdevelopment. The chapter argues that Laverty's and Kavanagh's youth narratives and their visions of rural Ireland were important innovations in the history of the Irish Bildungsroman.
Gene Logsdon
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813124438
- eISBN:
- 9780813134734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813124438.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter discusses the arrival of the new agrarian writers, who wanted to either write about farming or to use farming as a background for their writing. These new writers had a much more hopeful ...
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This chapter discusses the arrival of the new agrarian writers, who wanted to either write about farming or to use farming as a background for their writing. These new writers had a much more hopeful view of rural life and could use the language with consummate skill, unlike earlier agrarian writers. It categorizes two kinds of new agrarian writers: those who came to farming from the outside and, as new farmers, helped create a new agrarianism, and those who grew up on farms and know the darker side of rural life. John Baskin and Michael Perry are two new agrarian writers who are discussed in this chapter.Less
This chapter discusses the arrival of the new agrarian writers, who wanted to either write about farming or to use farming as a background for their writing. These new writers had a much more hopeful view of rural life and could use the language with consummate skill, unlike earlier agrarian writers. It categorizes two kinds of new agrarian writers: those who came to farming from the outside and, as new farmers, helped create a new agrarianism, and those who grew up on farms and know the darker side of rural life. John Baskin and Michael Perry are two new agrarian writers who are discussed in this chapter.
Albert L. Park
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824839659
- eISBN:
- 9780824869434
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824839659.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Chapter 2 outlines the transforming capitalist economy in rural Korea. It discusses how various nationalists and intellectuals responded to the agrarian crisis and saw rural Korea fitting into their ...
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Chapter 2 outlines the transforming capitalist economy in rural Korea. It discusses how various nationalists and intellectuals responded to the agrarian crisis and saw rural Korea fitting into their visions of the ideal nation- state. This discursive description of the impact of capitalism on rural culture and society provides context for understanding why YMCA, Presbyterian, and Ch’ŏndogyo leaders created new faith- based social activist language and why the movements chose to focus their reconstruction efforts on the countryside.Less
Chapter 2 outlines the transforming capitalist economy in rural Korea. It discusses how various nationalists and intellectuals responded to the agrarian crisis and saw rural Korea fitting into their visions of the ideal nation- state. This discursive description of the impact of capitalism on rural culture and society provides context for understanding why YMCA, Presbyterian, and Ch’ŏndogyo leaders created new faith- based social activist language and why the movements chose to focus their reconstruction efforts on the countryside.
Gail Hershatter
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520267701
- eISBN:
- 9780520950344
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520267701.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter explores the entwinement of the campaign time of the state with the domestic time of the household during the Great Leap Forward and the subsequent famine in China. It explains that the ...
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This chapter explores the entwinement of the campaign time of the state with the domestic time of the household during the Great Leap Forward and the subsequent famine in China. It explains that the objective of the Great Leap Forward was to reorganize every aspect of rural life and that the expansive utopian plans promised to relieve women of domestic tasks so that their labor could be devoted to these new projects. It suggests that the women's field labor from the late 1950s to the end of the collective era in the early 1980s was an important component of the national economic strategy on which subsequent economic reform has been built.Less
This chapter explores the entwinement of the campaign time of the state with the domestic time of the household during the Great Leap Forward and the subsequent famine in China. It explains that the objective of the Great Leap Forward was to reorganize every aspect of rural life and that the expansive utopian plans promised to relieve women of domestic tasks so that their labor could be devoted to these new projects. It suggests that the women's field labor from the late 1950s to the end of the collective era in the early 1980s was an important component of the national economic strategy on which subsequent economic reform has been built.
Edward L. Ayers
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195086898
- eISBN:
- 9780199854226
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195086898.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter describes the relationships between the alliance and their members and the dynamics between the members of different races. The alliance was not driven by a single idea or policy; ...
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This chapter describes the relationships between the alliance and their members and the dynamics between the members of different races. The alliance was not driven by a single idea or policy; rather, it was the general insistence that the government should pursue actions that are more beneficial to its constituents that united it. Conflicts arose between the members of the alliances. The members of the White Alliance had differing views while the blacks, who were members of the Colored Alliance, also had different perspectives. The conflicts were mostly political in character but some were even social. This difference eventually led to the sharp decline of the Colored Alliance. The anxieties of rural life did not help much as it even contributed to the conflicts between the members.Less
This chapter describes the relationships between the alliance and their members and the dynamics between the members of different races. The alliance was not driven by a single idea or policy; rather, it was the general insistence that the government should pursue actions that are more beneficial to its constituents that united it. Conflicts arose between the members of the alliances. The members of the White Alliance had differing views while the blacks, who were members of the Colored Alliance, also had different perspectives. The conflicts were mostly political in character but some were even social. This difference eventually led to the sharp decline of the Colored Alliance. The anxieties of rural life did not help much as it even contributed to the conflicts between the members.
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804755672
- eISBN:
- 9780804781923
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804755672.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
During the interwar period and up through World War II, peasant studies emerged within social-scientific inquiry in Egypt, a development that must be viewed within a variety of historical contexts. ...
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During the interwar period and up through World War II, peasant studies emerged within social-scientific inquiry in Egypt, a development that must be viewed within a variety of historical contexts. An example of such a context is the Egyptian anti-colonial nationalists' struggle against British colonialism. The expansion of the domain of agricultural scientific knowledge production occupies a central place in the story of science in modern Egypt. Focusing on the Egyptian peasantry, this chapter explores discourses that traverse amateur ethnography, literary realism, and positivist human geographical studies. In particular, it examines the interrelationships among anti-colonial nationalism, class struggle, and peasant rebellion in twentieth-century Egypt. The cataloguing and description of the peasantry as cultural artifacts of national identity gave rise to various genres, including the literary painting of rural life, journalistic and descriptive accounts of the countryside, and analyses based on social psychology. The chapter also examines the emergence of human geography as a discipline that studies the relationship between the geographical environment of Egypt and peasant modes of life.Less
During the interwar period and up through World War II, peasant studies emerged within social-scientific inquiry in Egypt, a development that must be viewed within a variety of historical contexts. An example of such a context is the Egyptian anti-colonial nationalists' struggle against British colonialism. The expansion of the domain of agricultural scientific knowledge production occupies a central place in the story of science in modern Egypt. Focusing on the Egyptian peasantry, this chapter explores discourses that traverse amateur ethnography, literary realism, and positivist human geographical studies. In particular, it examines the interrelationships among anti-colonial nationalism, class struggle, and peasant rebellion in twentieth-century Egypt. The cataloguing and description of the peasantry as cultural artifacts of national identity gave rise to various genres, including the literary painting of rural life, journalistic and descriptive accounts of the countryside, and analyses based on social psychology. The chapter also examines the emergence of human geography as a discipline that studies the relationship between the geographical environment of Egypt and peasant modes of life.
Anthony Snodgrass
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748623334
- eISBN:
- 9780748653577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748623334.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter sets the recent and partial transformation in the content and practice of classical archaeology against the background of Thomas S. Kuhn's well-known work, The Structure of Scientific ...
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This chapter sets the recent and partial transformation in the content and practice of classical archaeology against the background of Thomas S. Kuhn's well-known work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, first published in 1962. A word or two is in place about Kuhn's analysis of how revolutions happen in the sciences, noting his view that, on an initially small scale, they happen very frequently. A ‘paradigm shift’ is what occurs when, perhaps at first in only one small part of one discipline, new beliefs, values and techniques are embraced. Really important paradigm shifts are ones which seriously interrupt the progress of the other main element of Kuhn's antithesis, ‘normal science’. This chapter presents examples which illustrate how, usually in combination, some of the following themes have recently been raised: rural life, domestic life, neglected periods, dedications, burial and the more backward regions of Greece.Less
This chapter sets the recent and partial transformation in the content and practice of classical archaeology against the background of Thomas S. Kuhn's well-known work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, first published in 1962. A word or two is in place about Kuhn's analysis of how revolutions happen in the sciences, noting his view that, on an initially small scale, they happen very frequently. A ‘paradigm shift’ is what occurs when, perhaps at first in only one small part of one discipline, new beliefs, values and techniques are embraced. Really important paradigm shifts are ones which seriously interrupt the progress of the other main element of Kuhn's antithesis, ‘normal science’. This chapter presents examples which illustrate how, usually in combination, some of the following themes have recently been raised: rural life, domestic life, neglected periods, dedications, burial and the more backward regions of Greece.
Philip Thibodeau
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520268326
- eISBN:
- 9780520950252
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520268326.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter first sets out the purpose of the book, which is to evoke the interest of the Georgics' representations of farming and rural life per se. Doing so will require two efforts. The first is ...
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This chapter first sets out the purpose of the book, which is to evoke the interest of the Georgics' representations of farming and rural life per se. Doing so will require two efforts. The first is a project of literary and historical reconstruction that will allow us to situate the Georgics within the discourse of agrarianism in ancient Rome. The second task of this book is to show how the poem innovates and departs from the conventions of agrarian discourse and practice. The chapter then provides an introduction to the poem and some scholarly approaches to it.Less
This chapter first sets out the purpose of the book, which is to evoke the interest of the Georgics' representations of farming and rural life per se. Doing so will require two efforts. The first is a project of literary and historical reconstruction that will allow us to situate the Georgics within the discourse of agrarianism in ancient Rome. The second task of this book is to show how the poem innovates and departs from the conventions of agrarian discourse and practice. The chapter then provides an introduction to the poem and some scholarly approaches to it.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804762939
- eISBN:
- 9780804779104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804762939.003.0017
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
This chapter explores American Hebrew poets' idealization of life in the farms and villages of New England and upstate New York. The poets were drawn to the subject of rural life in the hope of ...
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This chapter explores American Hebrew poets' idealization of life in the farms and villages of New England and upstate New York. The poets were drawn to the subject of rural life in the hope of finding a connection to themselves—a bridge between what was natively and indelibly American and the ostensibly alien culture they had brought with them from Europe. The bridge they found was nothing other than the Hebrew Bible itself—the Old Testament or the Hebrew Scriptures—as it was most often called. The poets saw the sturdy farmers of New England and the rugged denizens of the Catskill Mountains in the first century of the new nation as living lives suffused with Scripture.Less
This chapter explores American Hebrew poets' idealization of life in the farms and villages of New England and upstate New York. The poets were drawn to the subject of rural life in the hope of finding a connection to themselves—a bridge between what was natively and indelibly American and the ostensibly alien culture they had brought with them from Europe. The bridge they found was nothing other than the Hebrew Bible itself—the Old Testament or the Hebrew Scriptures—as it was most often called. The poets saw the sturdy farmers of New England and the rugged denizens of the Catskill Mountains in the first century of the new nation as living lives suffused with Scripture.
