Jean-Marie Baland and Jean-Philippe Platteau
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198290612
- eISBN:
- 9780191601613
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198290616.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book focuses on the efficient and equitable management of local or village-level natural resources. It is divided into two parts. Part 1 provides an in-depth analysis on the optimal use of ...
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This book focuses on the efficient and equitable management of local or village-level natural resources. It is divided into two parts. Part 1 provides an in-depth analysis on the optimal use of natural resources. It dwells on the “tragedy of the commons”, which attributes inefficient resource use to the absence of well-defined property rights. Non-cooperative game theory is used to examine the impact of human interactions on resource management, and discusses the implications of the privatisation of common property resources. In Part 2, the main lessons drawn from Part 1 are compared against evidence obtained from field settings, particularly traditional village societies in developing countries.Less
This book focuses on the efficient and equitable management of local or village-level natural resources. It is divided into two parts. Part 1 provides an in-depth analysis on the optimal use of natural resources. It dwells on the “tragedy of the commons”, which attributes inefficient resource use to the absence of well-defined property rights. Non-cooperative game theory is used to examine the impact of human interactions on resource management, and discusses the implications of the privatisation of common property resources. In Part 2, the main lessons drawn from Part 1 are compared against evidence obtained from field settings, particularly traditional village societies in developing countries.
Brett M. Frischmann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199895656
- eISBN:
- 9780199933280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199895656.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter explores how infrastructure arguments apply to environmental resources and contribute to the difficult tasks of valuing and managing these resources. It is organized into four sections. ...
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This chapter explores how infrastructure arguments apply to environmental resources and contribute to the difficult tasks of valuing and managing these resources. It is organized into four sections. Section A briefly discusses some difficult valuation and management problems that plague economic analysis of environmental resources. Section B applies the infrastructure criteria and delineates environmental infrastructure. It shows how environmental infrastructures are mixed infrastructure and discusses the many different ways in which users generate massive social value, some of which is reflected in markets and much of which is not. Section C considers commons management and various complications. While the demand-side case for commons management is quite strong, there are strong countervailing concerns, including congestion, degradation, and depletion (conventional tragedy of the commons problems); interuse rivalrousness and incompatibilities (e.g., when pollution and swimming conflict); and negative externalities associated with the production of “public bads” that cause harm in interdependent systems (e.g., pollution that causes adverse health effects to people regardless of whether or not they use the resource). This section offers a few insights regarding how environmental regulation addresses these concerns while sustaining commons to the extent feasible. Section D considers how infrastructure analysis relates to the literatures on ecosystem services and multiple-use management.Less
This chapter explores how infrastructure arguments apply to environmental resources and contribute to the difficult tasks of valuing and managing these resources. It is organized into four sections. Section A briefly discusses some difficult valuation and management problems that plague economic analysis of environmental resources. Section B applies the infrastructure criteria and delineates environmental infrastructure. It shows how environmental infrastructures are mixed infrastructure and discusses the many different ways in which users generate massive social value, some of which is reflected in markets and much of which is not. Section C considers commons management and various complications. While the demand-side case for commons management is quite strong, there are strong countervailing concerns, including congestion, degradation, and depletion (conventional tragedy of the commons problems); interuse rivalrousness and incompatibilities (e.g., when pollution and swimming conflict); and negative externalities associated with the production of “public bads” that cause harm in interdependent systems (e.g., pollution that causes adverse health effects to people regardless of whether or not they use the resource). This section offers a few insights regarding how environmental regulation addresses these concerns while sustaining commons to the extent feasible. Section D considers how infrastructure analysis relates to the literatures on ecosystem services and multiple-use management.
Jean‐Marie Baland and Jean‐Philippe Platteau
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198290612
- eISBN:
- 9780191601613
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198290616.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines the impact of economic and social environment changes on collective action in village societies with respect to the management of common property resources (CPRs). It is divided ...
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This chapter examines the impact of economic and social environment changes on collective action in village societies with respect to the management of common property resources (CPRs). It is divided into two sections. The first section draws lessons from the centralized approach to environmental management followed by governments in the Third World. In the second section, it is argued that village arrangements for solving problems of access to, and/or conservation of local level CPRs have evolved under the joint impact of several factors.Less
This chapter examines the impact of economic and social environment changes on collective action in village societies with respect to the management of common property resources (CPRs). It is divided into two sections. The first section draws lessons from the centralized approach to environmental management followed by governments in the Third World. In the second section, it is argued that village arrangements for solving problems of access to, and/or conservation of local level CPRs have evolved under the joint impact of several factors.
Priya Shyamsundar
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199213832
- eISBN:
- 9780191707438
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213832.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter reviews international evidence on community-based natural resource management in three sectors: forestry, irrigation, and wildlife management. It asks how and in what way decentralized ...
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This chapter reviews international evidence on community-based natural resource management in three sectors: forestry, irrigation, and wildlife management. It asks how and in what way decentralized natural resource management has contributed to improved livelihoods and better resource management. It identifies key challenges faced as governments promote resource management through local communities and user groups.Less
This chapter reviews international evidence on community-based natural resource management in three sectors: forestry, irrigation, and wildlife management. It asks how and in what way decentralized natural resource management has contributed to improved livelihoods and better resource management. It identifies key challenges faced as governments promote resource management through local communities and user groups.
Jean‐Marie Baland and Jean‐Philippe Platteau
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198290612
- eISBN:
- 9780191601613
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198290616.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter analyses the conditions for successful collective action in the local level management of common property resources (CPRs). It discusses the problem of economic incentives, the twin ...
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This chapter analyses the conditions for successful collective action in the local level management of common property resources (CPRs). It discusses the problem of economic incentives, the twin issues of group size and homogeneity, the rationale and characteristics of the sanction system, and the role of tradition.Less
This chapter analyses the conditions for successful collective action in the local level management of common property resources (CPRs). It discusses the problem of economic incentives, the twin issues of group size and homogeneity, the rationale and characteristics of the sanction system, and the role of tradition.
Jean‐Marie Baland and Jean‐Philippe Platteau
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198290612
- eISBN:
- 9780191601613
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198290616.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This paper focuses on the co-management approach to regulating common property resources. The nature of co-management arrangements or contracts, and applications of co-management in various ...
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This paper focuses on the co-management approach to regulating common property resources. The nature of co-management arrangements or contracts, and applications of co-management in various countries, particularly coastal fishery management in Japan are discussed. The success of co-management lies in its operation within a framework where the state integrates the populations concerned during the early design stages of the resource-preserving strategy. Given the ‘culture of distrust’ in relationships between the State and local resource users, development projects initiated by local or foreign donor agencies play a key role within a co-management framework of action.Less
This paper focuses on the co-management approach to regulating common property resources. The nature of co-management arrangements or contracts, and applications of co-management in various countries, particularly coastal fishery management in Japan are discussed. The success of co-management lies in its operation within a framework where the state integrates the populations concerned during the early design stages of the resource-preserving strategy. Given the ‘culture of distrust’ in relationships between the State and local resource users, development projects initiated by local or foreign donor agencies play a key role within a co-management framework of action.
Masahiro Abe and Takeo Hoshi
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199284511
- eISBN:
- 9780191713705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199284511.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Corporate governance can be defined as a system that constitutes an institution that constrains relations between corporate managers and various stakeholders, including shareholders, creditors, ...
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Corporate governance can be defined as a system that constitutes an institution that constrains relations between corporate managers and various stakeholders, including shareholders, creditors, workers, suppliers, and customers. Under this broad definition, corporate governance is a system of various sub-systems that are complementary to one another. This chapter focuses on two sub-systems of Japanese corporate governance: corporate finance and human resource management. After briefly documenting the characteristics of the Japanese corporate governance in these two sub-systems, the chapter discusses how each sub-system has been going through substantial changes in recent years. Examining the data for fifty-eight listed companies, the evidence shows some degree of complementarity between the two sub-systems. The firms that have a non-traditional ownership structure (especially high with foreign ownership) seem to have more non-traditional human resource management practices.Less
Corporate governance can be defined as a system that constitutes an institution that constrains relations between corporate managers and various stakeholders, including shareholders, creditors, workers, suppliers, and customers. Under this broad definition, corporate governance is a system of various sub-systems that are complementary to one another. This chapter focuses on two sub-systems of Japanese corporate governance: corporate finance and human resource management. After briefly documenting the characteristics of the Japanese corporate governance in these two sub-systems, the chapter discusses how each sub-system has been going through substantial changes in recent years. Examining the data for fifty-eight listed companies, the evidence shows some degree of complementarity between the two sub-systems. The firms that have a non-traditional ownership structure (especially high with foreign ownership) seem to have more non-traditional human resource management practices.
Jean‐Marie Baland and Jean‐Philippe Platteau
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198290612
- eISBN:
- 9780191601613
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198290616.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter analyses resource management by traditional rural communities. It argues that traditional rural communities are not inherently conservationists despite their ability to perceive and ...
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This chapter analyses resource management by traditional rural communities. It argues that traditional rural communities are not inherently conservationists despite their ability to perceive and solve distributive problems in the use of natural resources. They have been less efficient in preventing the depletion/degradation of common property resources because they view their natural environment and their relations with it differently from people in modern, rationalist societies.Less
This chapter analyses resource management by traditional rural communities. It argues that traditional rural communities are not inherently conservationists despite their ability to perceive and solve distributive problems in the use of natural resources. They have been less efficient in preventing the depletion/degradation of common property resources because they view their natural environment and their relations with it differently from people in modern, rationalist societies.
Brett M. Frischmann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199895656
- eISBN:
- 9780199933280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199895656.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter provides a detailed discussion of microeconomic concepts that serve as building blocks for the demand-side analysis developed in Part II and applied in Parts III and IV. The concepts are ...
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This chapter provides a detailed discussion of microeconomic concepts that serve as building blocks for the demand-side analysis developed in Part II and applied in Parts III and IV. The concepts are important to understanding the value of infrastructure and evaluating and improving resource management. Specifically, the following microeconomic concepts are discussed: public and private goods: (non)rivalry and (non)excludability; consumption goods and capital goods; externalities: incomplete and missing markets; and social goods: nonmarket goods, merit goods, social capital, and irreducibly social goods. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of speech. While not a building block, the speech example usefully illustrates how some of the microeconomic concepts relate to one another.Less
This chapter provides a detailed discussion of microeconomic concepts that serve as building blocks for the demand-side analysis developed in Part II and applied in Parts III and IV. The concepts are important to understanding the value of infrastructure and evaluating and improving resource management. Specifically, the following microeconomic concepts are discussed: public and private goods: (non)rivalry and (non)excludability; consumption goods and capital goods; externalities: incomplete and missing markets; and social goods: nonmarket goods, merit goods, social capital, and irreducibly social goods. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of speech. While not a building block, the speech example usefully illustrates how some of the microeconomic concepts relate to one another.
Abiodun Alao
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199578986
- eISBN:
- 9780191595202
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578986.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This chapter ties together the multi-dimensional links between natural resources management and human security in Africa. The central argument is that for human security to be well established in the ...
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This chapter ties together the multi-dimensional links between natural resources management and human security in Africa. The central argument is that for human security to be well established in the continent, crucial issues linked to the ownership, management, and control of the continent's natural resource endowment have to be taken into consideration and the various conflicts they have caused have to be addressed. It also argues that the success of the various international efforts to address the effective management of Africa's natural resources will only be successful if the structures for managing these resources at the local and national levels are reorganized and made to appreciate the multiplicity of factors underlining various layers of governance in each of the countries. The chapter is organized into six sections. Section 1 looks at the structure currently in place to manage natural resources on the continent and the extent to which this addresses the needs of the population. Section 2 discusses human security issues that have emerged as a result of the existing governance structures, while Section 3 focuses on the human security implications of the conflicts that are rooted in natural resource governance. Section 4 discusses the international initiatives to address human security concerns related to natural resource governance and the extent of their attendant success. Section 5 interrogates the initiatives being undertaken by African organizations to ensure that the continent's natural resource endowments become blessings rather than a curse, while Section 6 concludes the discussions.Less
This chapter ties together the multi-dimensional links between natural resources management and human security in Africa. The central argument is that for human security to be well established in the continent, crucial issues linked to the ownership, management, and control of the continent's natural resource endowment have to be taken into consideration and the various conflicts they have caused have to be addressed. It also argues that the success of the various international efforts to address the effective management of Africa's natural resources will only be successful if the structures for managing these resources at the local and national levels are reorganized and made to appreciate the multiplicity of factors underlining various layers of governance in each of the countries. The chapter is organized into six sections. Section 1 looks at the structure currently in place to manage natural resources on the continent and the extent to which this addresses the needs of the population. Section 2 discusses human security issues that have emerged as a result of the existing governance structures, while Section 3 focuses on the human security implications of the conflicts that are rooted in natural resource governance. Section 4 discusses the international initiatives to address human security concerns related to natural resource governance and the extent of their attendant success. Section 5 interrogates the initiatives being undertaken by African organizations to ensure that the continent's natural resource endowments become blessings rather than a curse, while Section 6 concludes the discussions.
S. Ravi Rajan
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199277964
- eISBN:
- 9780191707827
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199277964.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This book contributes to the debate regarding the origins, institutionalization, and politics of the sciences and systems of knowledge underlying colonial frameworks of environmental management. It ...
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This book contributes to the debate regarding the origins, institutionalization, and politics of the sciences and systems of knowledge underlying colonial frameworks of environmental management. It departs from the widely prevalent scholarly perspective that colonial science can be understood predominantly as a handmaiden of imperialism. Instead, it argues that the myriad colonial sciences had ideological and interventionist traditions distinct from each other and from the colonial bureaucracy, and that these tensions better explain environmental politics and policy dilemmas in the post-colonial era. The author argues that tropical forestry in the 19th century consisted of at least two distinct approaches towards nature, resource, and people; and what won out in the end was the Continental European forestry paradigm. He also shows that science and scientists were relatively marginal until the First World War. It was the acute scientific and resource crisis felt during the War, along with the rise of experts and expertise in Britain during that period and the lobby-politics of an organized empire-wide scientific community, that resulted in resource management regimes such as forestry beginning to get serious state backing. Over time, considerable differences in approach and outlook towards policy emerged between different colonial scientific communities, such as foresters and agriculturists. These different colonial sciences represented different situated knowledges, with different visions of nature, people, and empire, and in different configurations of power. Finally, in a panoramic overview of post-colonial developments, the author argues that the hegemony of these state-scientific regimes of resource management during the period 1950-1990 engendered not just social revolt, as recent historical work has shown, but also intellectual protest. Consequently, the discipline of forestry became systematically re-conceptualized, with new approaches to sylviculture, economics, law, and crucially, new visions of modernity. This disciplinary change constitutes nothing short of a cognitive revolution, one that has been brought about by a clearly articulated political perspective on the orientation of the discipline of forestry by its practitioners.Less
This book contributes to the debate regarding the origins, institutionalization, and politics of the sciences and systems of knowledge underlying colonial frameworks of environmental management. It departs from the widely prevalent scholarly perspective that colonial science can be understood predominantly as a handmaiden of imperialism. Instead, it argues that the myriad colonial sciences had ideological and interventionist traditions distinct from each other and from the colonial bureaucracy, and that these tensions better explain environmental politics and policy dilemmas in the post-colonial era. The author argues that tropical forestry in the 19th century consisted of at least two distinct approaches towards nature, resource, and people; and what won out in the end was the Continental European forestry paradigm. He also shows that science and scientists were relatively marginal until the First World War. It was the acute scientific and resource crisis felt during the War, along with the rise of experts and expertise in Britain during that period and the lobby-politics of an organized empire-wide scientific community, that resulted in resource management regimes such as forestry beginning to get serious state backing. Over time, considerable differences in approach and outlook towards policy emerged between different colonial scientific communities, such as foresters and agriculturists. These different colonial sciences represented different situated knowledges, with different visions of nature, people, and empire, and in different configurations of power. Finally, in a panoramic overview of post-colonial developments, the author argues that the hegemony of these state-scientific regimes of resource management during the period 1950-1990 engendered not just social revolt, as recent historical work has shown, but also intellectual protest. Consequently, the discipline of forestry became systematically re-conceptualized, with new approaches to sylviculture, economics, law, and crucially, new visions of modernity. This disciplinary change constitutes nothing short of a cognitive revolution, one that has been brought about by a clearly articulated political perspective on the orientation of the discipline of forestry by its practitioners.
Philippe Cullet
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199546237
- eISBN:
- 9780191705519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546237.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter analyzes the policy context within which water law reforms are introduced. It examines the basic principles that underlie existing water sector reforms, in particular the concept of ...
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This chapter analyzes the policy context within which water law reforms are introduced. It examines the basic principles that underlie existing water sector reforms, in particular the concept of integrated water resources management, the focus on water conservation, water as a basic need, water as an economic good, decentralization and participation, and governance and institutional changes. It considers the policy framework that has steered water sector reforms over the past two decades. It focuses in particular on the international policy framework and the role of development banks in fostering the adoption of these principles at the national level. It then analyzes water policies adopted at the national and state level, and discusses the shift towards an emphasis on water law reforms as one of the key elements contributing to the overall process of reform in the water sector.Less
This chapter analyzes the policy context within which water law reforms are introduced. It examines the basic principles that underlie existing water sector reforms, in particular the concept of integrated water resources management, the focus on water conservation, water as a basic need, water as an economic good, decentralization and participation, and governance and institutional changes. It considers the policy framework that has steered water sector reforms over the past two decades. It focuses in particular on the international policy framework and the role of development banks in fostering the adoption of these principles at the national level. It then analyzes water policies adopted at the national and state level, and discusses the shift towards an emphasis on water law reforms as one of the key elements contributing to the overall process of reform in the water sector.
Gregory Jackson, Martin Höpner, and Antje Kurdelbusch
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199263677
- eISBN:
- 9780191718373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199263677.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
This chapter examines German corporate governance within a sociological framework. It first examines the basic features of post-war German corporate governance and HRM, as they existed through the ...
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This chapter examines German corporate governance within a sociological framework. It first examines the basic features of post-war German corporate governance and HRM, as they existed through the late 1980s. It then considers the institutional linkages between these features. The chapter also outlines the changes in corporate ownership and finance in Germany during the 1990s, in particular the declining role of banks and the emerging market for corporate control. These changes are related to observed changes in employment and industrial relations, particularly issues of remuneration and codetermination. It is argued that linkages do exist between corporate governance and labour management, although studies often overestimates the extent to which such linkages are tight and coherent.Less
This chapter examines German corporate governance within a sociological framework. It first examines the basic features of post-war German corporate governance and HRM, as they existed through the late 1980s. It then considers the institutional linkages between these features. The chapter also outlines the changes in corporate ownership and finance in Germany during the 1990s, in particular the declining role of banks and the emerging market for corporate control. These changes are related to observed changes in employment and industrial relations, particularly issues of remuneration and codetermination. It is argued that linkages do exist between corporate governance and labour management, although studies often overestimates the extent to which such linkages are tight and coherent.
Sharan Jagpal
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195371055
- eISBN:
- 9780199870745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371055.003.0011
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Marketing
This chapter compares different models of consumer behavior including standard economic theory and alternative behavioral theories such as prospect theory and assimilation-contrast theory. It shows ...
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This chapter compares different models of consumer behavior including standard economic theory and alternative behavioral theories such as prospect theory and assimilation-contrast theory. It shows that these behavioral theories have important implications for marketing-finance fusion and human resource management. Specifically, they lead to different market implications for new product pricing, pricing over the business cycle, choosing optimal dividend policy, designing bonus plans, and choosing optimal Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies.Less
This chapter compares different models of consumer behavior including standard economic theory and alternative behavioral theories such as prospect theory and assimilation-contrast theory. It shows that these behavioral theories have important implications for marketing-finance fusion and human resource management. Specifically, they lead to different market implications for new product pricing, pricing over the business cycle, choosing optimal dividend policy, designing bonus plans, and choosing optimal Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies.
Dr. Elli Louka
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374131
- eISBN:
- 9780199871841
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374131.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This book examines water management in Europe, and the difficulties and policy dilemmas involved in creating integrated water management institutions. The book is unique in that it concentrates on ...
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This book examines water management in Europe, and the difficulties and policy dilemmas involved in creating integrated water management institutions. The book is unique in that it concentrates on institutional development, norms and guiding principles, implementation strategies, and public participation mechanisms at the local level, European Union level, and globally. The book examines the European Union Water Law and Policy as it was adopted at the beginning of 2000 and the attempt to apply integrated water management in Europe. Today, many speak of a water crisis in that the supply of water is unlikely to meet demand and because of pollution that mars many water ecosystems. Water is one of the most mismanaged natural resources. Deficient management policies and fragmented water management institutions can have catastrophic results for the management of water resources. In Europe, water management has been fragmented as states have used water resources within their borders often ignoring the impact of their actions on co-riparian states. The effort to apply integrated water management in Europe is in essence an attempt to put a stop to the fragmentation of water management policies and to integrate: upstream and downstream uses, land use planning, and water management. Water Law and Policy provides insights that can guide water development policies across national borders. It is a must-read for policymakers, water managers, and students who need to understand national and transnational water management.Less
This book examines water management in Europe, and the difficulties and policy dilemmas involved in creating integrated water management institutions. The book is unique in that it concentrates on institutional development, norms and guiding principles, implementation strategies, and public participation mechanisms at the local level, European Union level, and globally. The book examines the European Union Water Law and Policy as it was adopted at the beginning of 2000 and the attempt to apply integrated water management in Europe. Today, many speak of a water crisis in that the supply of water is unlikely to meet demand and because of pollution that mars many water ecosystems. Water is one of the most mismanaged natural resources. Deficient management policies and fragmented water management institutions can have catastrophic results for the management of water resources. In Europe, water management has been fragmented as states have used water resources within their borders often ignoring the impact of their actions on co-riparian states. The effort to apply integrated water management in Europe is in essence an attempt to put a stop to the fragmentation of water management policies and to integrate: upstream and downstream uses, land use planning, and water management. Water Law and Policy provides insights that can guide water development policies across national borders. It is a must-read for policymakers, water managers, and students who need to understand national and transnational water management.
Peter Ho
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199280698
- eISBN:
- 9780191602528
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019928069X.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The current trend of property rights reform in China is towards nationalization or privatization through the lease system. Exactly for this reason, experimentation with alternative tenure ...
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The current trend of property rights reform in China is towards nationalization or privatization through the lease system. Exactly for this reason, experimentation with alternative tenure arrangements is essential. Such experimentation is particularly important when considering the high costs of supervising vast, nationalized nature reserves. Drawing on detailed case studies, Discusses the possibilities and limitations of community-based or common property arrangements for natural resource management with particular reference to grassland. It is shown that common property regimes are not a panacea for natural resource management. At times, regional conflicts over natural resources exceed the power of the village community to manage the resource in a sustainable manner. This becomes painfully clear through the eruption of fierce battles over medicinal herbs.Less
The current trend of property rights reform in China is towards nationalization or privatization through the lease system. Exactly for this reason, experimentation with alternative tenure arrangements is essential. Such experimentation is particularly important when considering the high costs of supervising vast, nationalized nature reserves. Drawing on detailed case studies, Discusses the possibilities and limitations of community-based or common property arrangements for natural resource management with particular reference to grassland. It is shown that common property regimes are not a panacea for natural resource management. At times, regional conflicts over natural resources exceed the power of the village community to manage the resource in a sustainable manner. This becomes painfully clear through the eruption of fierce battles over medicinal herbs.
Anthony Ferner and Anne Tempel
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199274635
- eISBN:
- 9780191706530
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199274635.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR
This chapter presents a conceptual framework for understanding the cross-national transfer of human resource management and employment relations policies in US multinationals. The framework draws on ...
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This chapter presents a conceptual framework for understanding the cross-national transfer of human resource management and employment relations policies in US multinationals. The framework draws on institutionalist theory, arguing that multinationals’ embeddedness within the institutions of their parent-country business system influences how these firms operate abroad. However, weaknesses in current strands of institutionalism need to be addressed. In particular, existing theory has tended to neglect questions of power. The chapter considers how institutional and power perspectives may be integrated. It focuses on the interaction between power and institutions at multiple levels, notably at the organizational level of ‘micropolitics’ within multinationals, and at the macro-level of nation states. The cross-national transfer of HR policies and practices within multinationals is seen as the movement of practices across institutional domains by actors with divergent interests in the transfer, and with differential power resources with which to effect or inhibit it.Less
This chapter presents a conceptual framework for understanding the cross-national transfer of human resource management and employment relations policies in US multinationals. The framework draws on institutionalist theory, arguing that multinationals’ embeddedness within the institutions of their parent-country business system influences how these firms operate abroad. However, weaknesses in current strands of institutionalism need to be addressed. In particular, existing theory has tended to neglect questions of power. The chapter considers how institutional and power perspectives may be integrated. It focuses on the interaction between power and institutions at multiple levels, notably at the organizational level of ‘micropolitics’ within multinationals, and at the macro-level of nation states. The cross-national transfer of HR policies and practices within multinationals is seen as the movement of practices across institutional domains by actors with divergent interests in the transfer, and with differential power resources with which to effect or inhibit it.
John Pender
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199244072
- eISBN:
- 9780191595974
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199244073.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter analyses key hypotheses on the impacts of rural population growth on agriculture, natural resource management, and related impacts on poverty in development countries. It is argued that ...
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This chapter analyses key hypotheses on the impacts of rural population growth on agriculture, natural resource management, and related impacts on poverty in development countries. It is argued that the impacts of population growth likely to be negative when there is no collective response than when population growth induces infrastructure development, collective action, institutional or organisational development. The results of recent studies by the International Food Policy Research Institute in Honduras are discussed.Less
This chapter analyses key hypotheses on the impacts of rural population growth on agriculture, natural resource management, and related impacts on poverty in development countries. It is argued that the impacts of population growth likely to be negative when there is no collective response than when population growth induces infrastructure development, collective action, institutional or organisational development. The results of recent studies by the International Food Policy Research Institute in Honduras are discussed.
Lynda Gratton, Veronica Hope Hailey, Philip Stiles, and Catherine Truss
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198782049
- eISBN:
- 9780191695421
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198782049.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, Strategy
This introductory chapter discusses the research project presented in the book. The book represents the culmination of a collaboration between academics and senior managers to study, analyze, ...
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This introductory chapter discusses the research project presented in the book. The book represents the culmination of a collaboration between academics and senior managers to study, analyze, reflect, and discuss the challenges they face in people management. It also represents an attempt to reflect the experience, concern, and aspirations of people at all levels in these companies. The chapter discusses the objectives of the study, the development of research questions and measures, the development of research methodology, and data collection and analysis. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.Less
This introductory chapter discusses the research project presented in the book. The book represents the culmination of a collaboration between academics and senior managers to study, analyze, reflect, and discuss the challenges they face in people management. It also represents an attempt to reflect the experience, concern, and aspirations of people at all levels in these companies. The chapter discusses the objectives of the study, the development of research questions and measures, the development of research methodology, and data collection and analysis. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
Elli Louka
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374131
- eISBN:
- 9780199871841
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374131.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM), which has been proposed as a means to redefine water management. Topics covered include basics of IWRM, international aspects of ...
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This chapter discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM), which has been proposed as a means to redefine water management. Topics covered include basics of IWRM, international aspects of IRWM, and making and applying decisions in water management.Less
This chapter discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM), which has been proposed as a means to redefine water management. Topics covered include basics of IWRM, international aspects of IRWM, and making and applying decisions in water management.
