Albert O. Hirschman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159904
- eISBN:
- 9781400848409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159904.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory
This chapter contains the introduction to Hirschman's collection of essays on development at the close of the 1960s, A Bias for Hope: Essays on Development in Latin America. Here, Hirschman points to ...
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This chapter contains the introduction to Hirschman's collection of essays on development at the close of the 1960s, A Bias for Hope: Essays on Development in Latin America. Here, Hirschman points to the importance of the interplay between economic and political forces: not just the economic theories of politics, nor simply the political dimensions of economic phenomena, but the interactions between two fields that can open up spaces for alternatives. Hence, this chapter urges more flexibility and realism and less reliance on general laws to explain social phenomena. Freedom and creativity—in short, “a passion for the possible”—were Hirschman's watchwords in this piece.Less
This chapter contains the introduction to Hirschman's collection of essays on development at the close of the 1960s, A Bias for Hope: Essays on Development in Latin America. Here, Hirschman points to the importance of the interplay between economic and political forces: not just the economic theories of politics, nor simply the political dimensions of economic phenomena, but the interactions between two fields that can open up spaces for alternatives. Hence, this chapter urges more flexibility and realism and less reliance on general laws to explain social phenomena. Freedom and creativity—in short, “a passion for the possible”—were Hirschman's watchwords in this piece.
Rehman Sobhan
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198286356
- eISBN:
- 9780191718465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198286356.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Access to food depends on food supply, the ability to establish entitlement over food, production, market transaction, and household political power. Hunger originates in ‘entitlement failures’ ...
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Access to food depends on food supply, the ability to establish entitlement over food, production, market transaction, and household political power. Hunger originates in ‘entitlement failures’ bearing community specificity rather than household-specificity features. While emphasizing the political influences on a state's direct contribution to entitlements, this chapter tries to establish a causal nexus between politics, hunger, and entitlement. In general, much of the entitlement is generated by the state through aid, subsidy, employment, public distribution of commodities, and incomes. A developing country's control over entitlement depends on external and internal political influences, and policies often become functions of political priority or compulsions. The chapter argues that to raise a household's entitlement level, significant action of a political nature is necessary.Less
Access to food depends on food supply, the ability to establish entitlement over food, production, market transaction, and household political power. Hunger originates in ‘entitlement failures’ bearing community specificity rather than household-specificity features. While emphasizing the political influences on a state's direct contribution to entitlements, this chapter tries to establish a causal nexus between politics, hunger, and entitlement. In general, much of the entitlement is generated by the state through aid, subsidy, employment, public distribution of commodities, and incomes. A developing country's control over entitlement depends on external and internal political influences, and policies often become functions of political priority or compulsions. The chapter argues that to raise a household's entitlement level, significant action of a political nature is necessary.
Sara Roy
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159676
- eISBN:
- 9781400848942
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159676.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This concluding chapter offers a brief commentary on the implications and repercussions from Israel's 2008–2009 attack on Gaza, and on Gaza's current situation. The devastating assault on Gaza was ...
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This concluding chapter offers a brief commentary on the implications and repercussions from Israel's 2008–2009 attack on Gaza, and on Gaza's current situation. The devastating assault on Gaza was not only about destroying Hamas as a political force. This was an attack against the Palestinian people and their continued resistance, as well as their continued refusal to accede to Israeli demands and conditions. The Israeli government argued that since all Palestinians in Gaza supported Hamas, there were no true civilians in Gaza and all attacks against them were therefore justified, including the reduction and denial of humanitarian supplies, military incursions and invasions, and the continued assassination of the Hamas leadership.Less
This concluding chapter offers a brief commentary on the implications and repercussions from Israel's 2008–2009 attack on Gaza, and on Gaza's current situation. The devastating assault on Gaza was not only about destroying Hamas as a political force. This was an attack against the Palestinian people and their continued resistance, as well as their continued refusal to accede to Israeli demands and conditions. The Israeli government argued that since all Palestinians in Gaza supported Hamas, there were no true civilians in Gaza and all attacks against them were therefore justified, including the reduction and denial of humanitarian supplies, military incursions and invasions, and the continued assassination of the Hamas leadership.
Ronald M. Peters and Cindy Simon Rosenthal
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195383737
- eISBN:
- 9780199852802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195383737.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter details Nancy Pelosi’s rise to the speakership. How she got there is the remarkable personal story of a housewife and mother who, as she has put it, made it from the kitchen to the ...
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This chapter details Nancy Pelosi’s rise to the speakership. How she got there is the remarkable personal story of a housewife and mother who, as she has put it, made it from the kitchen to the House. But the story is also a narrative about the changing face of American politics and the changing character of the House of Representatives. Considering Pelosi’s rise in California politics, the way she built her career in the House of Representatives, and her rise to the speakership enables us not only to understand her career in the context of the political forces that shaped it but also to understand better those forces through the prism of her career.Less
This chapter details Nancy Pelosi’s rise to the speakership. How she got there is the remarkable personal story of a housewife and mother who, as she has put it, made it from the kitchen to the House. But the story is also a narrative about the changing face of American politics and the changing character of the House of Representatives. Considering Pelosi’s rise in California politics, the way she built her career in the House of Representatives, and her rise to the speakership enables us not only to understand her career in the context of the political forces that shaped it but also to understand better those forces through the prism of her career.
David Howell
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198203049
- eISBN:
- 9780191719530
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203049.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The Labour Party became a major political force in Britain during the 1920s. It unexpectedly entered office as a minority government in 1924; five years later as the largest party in the Commons it ...
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The Labour Party became a major political force in Britain during the 1920s. It unexpectedly entered office as a minority government in 1924; five years later as the largest party in the Commons it took office again. For many the party's enhanced status was associated closely with its leader, Ramsay MacDonald. The years of optimism were destroyed by rising unemployment; in August 1931, the second Labour Government faced pressures for public expenditure cuts in the midst of a financial crisis. The Government collapsed, and MacDonald led a new administration composed of erstwhile opponents and a few old colleagues. Labour went into opposition; an early election reduced it to a parliamentary rump. This study offers a uniquely detailed analysis of Labour in the 1920s based on a wide variety of unpublished sources. The emphasis is on the variety of cultural identities available within the party, and demonstrates how disputes over identity made a crucial contribution to the 1931 crisis.Less
The Labour Party became a major political force in Britain during the 1920s. It unexpectedly entered office as a minority government in 1924; five years later as the largest party in the Commons it took office again. For many the party's enhanced status was associated closely with its leader, Ramsay MacDonald. The years of optimism were destroyed by rising unemployment; in August 1931, the second Labour Government faced pressures for public expenditure cuts in the midst of a financial crisis. The Government collapsed, and MacDonald led a new administration composed of erstwhile opponents and a few old colleagues. Labour went into opposition; an early election reduced it to a parliamentary rump. This study offers a uniquely detailed analysis of Labour in the 1920s based on a wide variety of unpublished sources. The emphasis is on the variety of cultural identities available within the party, and demonstrates how disputes over identity made a crucial contribution to the 1931 crisis.
Charles Townshend
- Published in print:
- 1984
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198200840
- eISBN:
- 9780191674785
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198200840.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
This book studies a vital element of modern British history: the situation in Northern Ireland. Its aim is to provide historical illumination. More than many histories, the history provided in this ...
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This book studies a vital element of modern British history: the situation in Northern Ireland. Its aim is to provide historical illumination. More than many histories, the history provided in this book is incomplete; not just because of the incompleteness of the source material, but because of the particular framework within which it is conceived. ‘Total history’ only happens once, and not subsequently. This account is restricted to violent relationships, to the reciprocal effect of government in Ireland and resistance to it. The two concepts exist, to a great extent, in symbiosis. Resistance may be a manifestation of different cultural or political forces, but its meaning is determined by government. The book looks in detail at the concepts of ‘government’ and ‘resistance’.Less
This book studies a vital element of modern British history: the situation in Northern Ireland. Its aim is to provide historical illumination. More than many histories, the history provided in this book is incomplete; not just because of the incompleteness of the source material, but because of the particular framework within which it is conceived. ‘Total history’ only happens once, and not subsequently. This account is restricted to violent relationships, to the reciprocal effect of government in Ireland and resistance to it. The two concepts exist, to a great extent, in symbiosis. Resistance may be a manifestation of different cultural or political forces, but its meaning is determined by government. The book looks in detail at the concepts of ‘government’ and ‘resistance’.
Colin Barnes
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861347183
- eISBN:
- 9781447302599
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861347183.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
The number of disability related support services controlled and run by disabled people themselves has increased significantly in the UK and internationally over the past forty years. As a result, ...
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The number of disability related support services controlled and run by disabled people themselves has increased significantly in the UK and internationally over the past forty years. As a result, greater user involvement in service provision and delivery is a key priority for many western governments. This book provides the first comprehensive review and analysis of these developments in the UK. Drawing on evidence from a range of sources, including material from the first national study of user-controlled services, this book provides a critical evaluation of the development and organization of user-controlled services in the UK and identifies the principal forces — economic, political and cultural — that influence and inhibit their further development. It summarises and discusses the policy implications for the future development of services and includes an up-to-date and comprehensive literature and research review.Less
The number of disability related support services controlled and run by disabled people themselves has increased significantly in the UK and internationally over the past forty years. As a result, greater user involvement in service provision and delivery is a key priority for many western governments. This book provides the first comprehensive review and analysis of these developments in the UK. Drawing on evidence from a range of sources, including material from the first national study of user-controlled services, this book provides a critical evaluation of the development and organization of user-controlled services in the UK and identifies the principal forces — economic, political and cultural — that influence and inhibit their further development. It summarises and discusses the policy implications for the future development of services and includes an up-to-date and comprehensive literature and research review.
Romila Thapar
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198077244
- eISBN:
- 9780199081073
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077244.003.0023
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter focuses on the Mauryan rulers that followed Aśoka Maurya. It explains that the years after the death of Aśoka saw the end of the Mauryan dynasty as a political force in India. While the ...
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This chapter focuses on the Mauryan rulers that followed Aśoka Maurya. It explains that the years after the death of Aśoka saw the end of the Mauryan dynasty as a political force in India. While the Mauryan rulers continued to rule for another half-century, the dynasty collapsed completely in the early part of the second century BC. and gave way to the Śungas. After the death of Aśoka around 233–232 BC., the empire was divided into the western and eastern halves. This chapter provides a list of Mauryan rulers that followed Aśoka, including Kunāla, Devavarma, and Brhadratha.Less
This chapter focuses on the Mauryan rulers that followed Aśoka Maurya. It explains that the years after the death of Aśoka saw the end of the Mauryan dynasty as a political force in India. While the Mauryan rulers continued to rule for another half-century, the dynasty collapsed completely in the early part of the second century BC. and gave way to the Śungas. After the death of Aśoka around 233–232 BC., the empire was divided into the western and eastern halves. This chapter provides a list of Mauryan rulers that followed Aśoka, including Kunāla, Devavarma, and Brhadratha.
Malcolm Vale
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206200
- eISBN:
- 9780191677014
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206200.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, Military History
The Angevin Empire had ceased to be the dynamic and significant political force well before 1330. It had been a great force in the mid and late 12th century. Yet dynastic memory kept it alive as a ...
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The Angevin Empire had ceased to be the dynamic and significant political force well before 1330. It had been a great force in the mid and late 12th century. Yet dynastic memory kept it alive as a concept which still exercised a certain influence over the behaviour of the Plantagenets. At its fullest extent, the Angevin Empire had comprised most of western France and its Atlantic seaboard. The transition from a hostile to a pacific relationship between the houses of Plantagenet and Capet took place between 1224 and 1259. Historians have indicated a structural weakness in the Angevin Empire which stemmed from the obligations of its rulers to perform homage to the French crown from 1151 onwards for most of their continental dominions. English historians have sometimes lamented the retention of continental possessions by the English crown in the later Middle Ages.Less
The Angevin Empire had ceased to be the dynamic and significant political force well before 1330. It had been a great force in the mid and late 12th century. Yet dynastic memory kept it alive as a concept which still exercised a certain influence over the behaviour of the Plantagenets. At its fullest extent, the Angevin Empire had comprised most of western France and its Atlantic seaboard. The transition from a hostile to a pacific relationship between the houses of Plantagenet and Capet took place between 1224 and 1259. Historians have indicated a structural weakness in the Angevin Empire which stemmed from the obligations of its rulers to perform homage to the French crown from 1151 onwards for most of their continental dominions. English historians have sometimes lamented the retention of continental possessions by the English crown in the later Middle Ages.
Michael Burawoy
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520251373
- eISBN:
- 9780520940758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520251373.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
In its beginning sociology aspired to be such an angel of history, searching for order in the broken fragments of modernity, seeking to salvage the promise of progress. The 2004 ASA annual meetings, ...
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In its beginning sociology aspired to be such an angel of history, searching for order in the broken fragments of modernity, seeking to salvage the promise of progress. The 2004 ASA annual meetings, devoted to the theme of public sociologies, broke all records for attendance and participation and did so by a considerable margin. This chapter presents eleven theses related to public sociology. It begins with the reasons for the appeal of public sociologies today, turning to their multiplicity and their relation to the discipline as a whole—the discipline being understood both as a division of labor and as a field of power. It examines the matrix of professional, policy, public, and critical sociologies as it varies historically and among countries, comparing sociology with other disciplines, before finally turning to what makes sociology so special, not just as a science but as a moral and political force.Less
In its beginning sociology aspired to be such an angel of history, searching for order in the broken fragments of modernity, seeking to salvage the promise of progress. The 2004 ASA annual meetings, devoted to the theme of public sociologies, broke all records for attendance and participation and did so by a considerable margin. This chapter presents eleven theses related to public sociology. It begins with the reasons for the appeal of public sociologies today, turning to their multiplicity and their relation to the discipline as a whole—the discipline being understood both as a division of labor and as a field of power. It examines the matrix of professional, policy, public, and critical sociologies as it varies historically and among countries, comparing sociology with other disciplines, before finally turning to what makes sociology so special, not just as a science but as a moral and political force.
