John Tomaney
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263310
- eISBN:
- 9780191734144
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263310.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter points out that the Provinces of England begins by ‘rejecting the idea of an English parliament’ on the grounds that an English parliament would ‘dominate the federation in the manner ...
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This chapter points out that the Provinces of England begins by ‘rejecting the idea of an English parliament’ on the grounds that an English parliament would ‘dominate the federation in the manner that Prussia had dominated the German Empire before 1914’. It also charts the rise of regionalism in North-East England during the twentieth century. Additionally, it argues that after 1914 North-East voices were central to the promotion of regional concerns in England and played a pivotal role in the wider emergence of political regionalism. The political expression of regionalism shifted significantly during the twentieth century. C. B. Fawcett's essay was a distinctive (northern) English contribution to the debate about ‘Home Rule All Round’. It raises issues that had begun finally to be grappled with at the close of the twentieth century. The North-East became the archetypal ‘problem region’ and the focus of multiple ‘regional policies’ over the following decades. Moreover, the regionalism in the era of nationalisation is discussed. The particular identity of the region and the need for institutional innovation to address longstanding social and economic problems is then emphasized.Less
This chapter points out that the Provinces of England begins by ‘rejecting the idea of an English parliament’ on the grounds that an English parliament would ‘dominate the federation in the manner that Prussia had dominated the German Empire before 1914’. It also charts the rise of regionalism in North-East England during the twentieth century. Additionally, it argues that after 1914 North-East voices were central to the promotion of regional concerns in England and played a pivotal role in the wider emergence of political regionalism. The political expression of regionalism shifted significantly during the twentieth century. C. B. Fawcett's essay was a distinctive (northern) English contribution to the debate about ‘Home Rule All Round’. It raises issues that had begun finally to be grappled with at the close of the twentieth century. The North-East became the archetypal ‘problem region’ and the focus of multiple ‘regional policies’ over the following decades. Moreover, the regionalism in the era of nationalisation is discussed. The particular identity of the region and the need for institutional innovation to address longstanding social and economic problems is then emphasized.
Miranda Threlfall-Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253814
- eISBN:
- 9780191719813
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253814.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This introductory chapter begins by surveying received wisdom on medieval trade and the medieval economy, pointing out that little is known about the purchasing behaviour and motivations of medieval ...
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This introductory chapter begins by surveying received wisdom on medieval trade and the medieval economy, pointing out that little is known about the purchasing behaviour and motivations of medieval households as consumers. It then discusses the regional economic context of medieval north-east England. Durham was a relatively small market town compared to Newcastle-upon-Tyne (which this study reveals to have been a major regional hub) but had disproportionate political and ecclesiastical importance. This book uses the obedientiary accounts of Durham Cathedral Priory to analyse the economic activity of the monastery and region, and the obedientiary system of monastic administration is discussed in some detail. The Durham accounts have survived in unprecedented numbers, and this has made possible a detailed analysis of the priory's administrative strategies and accounting system in the late 15th century.Less
This introductory chapter begins by surveying received wisdom on medieval trade and the medieval economy, pointing out that little is known about the purchasing behaviour and motivations of medieval households as consumers. It then discusses the regional economic context of medieval north-east England. Durham was a relatively small market town compared to Newcastle-upon-Tyne (which this study reveals to have been a major regional hub) but had disproportionate political and ecclesiastical importance. This book uses the obedientiary accounts of Durham Cathedral Priory to analyse the economic activity of the monastery and region, and the obedientiary system of monastic administration is discussed in some detail. The Durham accounts have survived in unprecedented numbers, and this has made possible a detailed analysis of the priory's administrative strategies and accounting system in the late 15th century.
Miranda Threlfall-Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253814
- eISBN:
- 9780191719813
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253814.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The institutions of the Middle Ages are generally seen as tradition bound: Monks and Markets challenges that assumption. Durham's outstanding archive has allowed the uncovering of an unprecedented ...
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The institutions of the Middle Ages are generally seen as tradition bound: Monks and Markets challenges that assumption. Durham's outstanding archive has allowed the uncovering of an unprecedented level of detail about the purchasing strategies of one of England's foremost monasteries, and it is revealed that the monks were reflective, responsive, and innovative when required. If this is true of a large Benedictine monastery, it is likely to be true also for other medieval household economies for which comparable evidence does not exist. This study gives a unique insight into the nature of medieval consumer behaviour, which throughout history, and particularly from before the early modern period, remains a relatively neglected subject. Key elements of the monastic economy are explored, including the diet of the monks, the monastic administrative and accounting systems, the factors influencing their purchasing decisions, their use of the market and their exploitation of tenurial relationships, and their wide and diverse cohort of suppliers. The book also provides detailed analyses of the priory's purchasing and consumption of a wide range of goods, from staples such as grain to luxury imported goods such as wine and spices, and considers related issues including price movements, transport, and arrangements for payment and credit. The book provides a rare insight into the regional economy of north-east England from the point of view of a major consumer.Less
The institutions of the Middle Ages are generally seen as tradition bound: Monks and Markets challenges that assumption. Durham's outstanding archive has allowed the uncovering of an unprecedented level of detail about the purchasing strategies of one of England's foremost monasteries, and it is revealed that the monks were reflective, responsive, and innovative when required. If this is true of a large Benedictine monastery, it is likely to be true also for other medieval household economies for which comparable evidence does not exist. This study gives a unique insight into the nature of medieval consumer behaviour, which throughout history, and particularly from before the early modern period, remains a relatively neglected subject. Key elements of the monastic economy are explored, including the diet of the monks, the monastic administrative and accounting systems, the factors influencing their purchasing decisions, their use of the market and their exploitation of tenurial relationships, and their wide and diverse cohort of suppliers. The book also provides detailed analyses of the priory's purchasing and consumption of a wide range of goods, from staples such as grain to luxury imported goods such as wine and spices, and considers related issues including price movements, transport, and arrangements for payment and credit. The book provides a rare insight into the regional economy of north-east England from the point of view of a major consumer.
Matthew L. Holford and Keith J. Stringer
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748632787
- eISBN:
- 9780748651405
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748632787.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This book examines the organisation of power and society in north-east England over two crucial centuries in the emergence of the English ‘state’. England is usually regarded as medieval Europe's ...
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This book examines the organisation of power and society in north-east England over two crucial centuries in the emergence of the English ‘state’. England is usually regarded as medieval Europe's most centralised kingdom, yet the North East was dominated by liberties — largely self-governing jurisdictions — that greatly restricted the English crown's direct authority in the region. These local polities receive here a comprehensive discussion; and their histories are crucial for understanding questions of state formation in frontier zones, regional distinctiveness, and local and national loyalties. The analysis focuses on liberties as both governmental entities and sources of socio-political and cultural identification. It also connects their development and their communities with a rich variety of forces, including the influence of the kings of Scots as lords of Tynedale, and the impact of protracted Anglo-Scottish warfare from 1296. Why did liberties enjoy such long-term relevance as governance structures? How far, and why, did the English monarchy respect their autonomous rights and status? By what means, and how successfully, were liberty identities created, sharpened and sustained? In addressing such issues, this study extends beyond regional history to make significant contributions to the ongoing mainstream debates about ‘state’, ‘society’, ‘identity’ and ‘community’.Less
This book examines the organisation of power and society in north-east England over two crucial centuries in the emergence of the English ‘state’. England is usually regarded as medieval Europe's most centralised kingdom, yet the North East was dominated by liberties — largely self-governing jurisdictions — that greatly restricted the English crown's direct authority in the region. These local polities receive here a comprehensive discussion; and their histories are crucial for understanding questions of state formation in frontier zones, regional distinctiveness, and local and national loyalties. The analysis focuses on liberties as both governmental entities and sources of socio-political and cultural identification. It also connects their development and their communities with a rich variety of forces, including the influence of the kings of Scots as lords of Tynedale, and the impact of protracted Anglo-Scottish warfare from 1296. Why did liberties enjoy such long-term relevance as governance structures? How far, and why, did the English monarchy respect their autonomous rights and status? By what means, and how successfully, were liberty identities created, sharpened and sustained? In addressing such issues, this study extends beyond regional history to make significant contributions to the ongoing mainstream debates about ‘state’, ‘society’, ‘identity’ and ‘community’.
Stephanie Ward
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719086809
- eISBN:
- 9781781705995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719086809.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter serves as an historiographical introduction to the major themes of the book. It provides a critique of the historiography of the interwar depression and examines the evolution of studies ...
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This chapter serves as an historiographical introduction to the major themes of the book. It provides a critique of the historiography of the interwar depression and examines the evolution of studies of unemployed protest movements. The case for the value of regional comparative histories as a way of exploring the history of the depression is made. The regions of south Wales and the north-east of England are introduced. One of the purposes of the book is to compare the protests of the unemployed. To this end, the nature of industrialisation, work practices, trade unionism, political culture and gender relations within south Wales and the north-east are compared. The major themes of the work and the importance of examining the means test are outlined.Less
This chapter serves as an historiographical introduction to the major themes of the book. It provides a critique of the historiography of the interwar depression and examines the evolution of studies of unemployed protest movements. The case for the value of regional comparative histories as a way of exploring the history of the depression is made. The regions of south Wales and the north-east of England are introduced. One of the purposes of the book is to compare the protests of the unemployed. To this end, the nature of industrialisation, work practices, trade unionism, political culture and gender relations within south Wales and the north-east are compared. The major themes of the work and the importance of examining the means test are outlined.
Matthew Holford and Keith Stringer
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748632787
- eISBN:
- 9780748651405
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748632787.003.0100
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This introductory chapter first sets out the purpose of the book, which is to examine lordship and society in the north-east of England in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. In part it explores ...
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This introductory chapter first sets out the purpose of the book, which is to examine lordship and society in the north-east of England in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. In part it explores the workings of political life in the English Borders in ways that may usefully advance research into the structures and dynamics of medieval frontierlands. More particularly, by addressing the institutions and political cultures of medieval England beyond its metropolitan heartlands, it aims to achieve fresh perspectives on the realities of power and politics that underlay Westminster-centred orthodoxies about the English experience of ‘state-making’. The chapter then discusses the various liberties of the north-east.Less
This introductory chapter first sets out the purpose of the book, which is to examine lordship and society in the north-east of England in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. In part it explores the workings of political life in the English Borders in ways that may usefully advance research into the structures and dynamics of medieval frontierlands. More particularly, by addressing the institutions and political cultures of medieval England beyond its metropolitan heartlands, it aims to achieve fresh perspectives on the realities of power and politics that underlay Westminster-centred orthodoxies about the English experience of ‘state-making’. The chapter then discusses the various liberties of the north-east.
Miranda Threlfall-Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253814
- eISBN:
- 9780191719813
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253814.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Very little is known about the merchants trading in the north-east in this period. The Durham evidence provides an important insight into a cross section of the producers, manufacturers and traders ...
More
Very little is known about the merchants trading in the north-east in this period. The Durham evidence provides an important insight into a cross section of the producers, manufacturers and traders active in the region in the late middle ages. Surprisingly, it is found that the priory sourced goods from a wide variety of merchants in each product category, and rarely had long or exclusive relationships with particular suppliers. Cloth provided a notable exception to this pattern. The wider relationships between the priory and its suppliers are discussed, with particular reference to those who appear in the Liber Vitae. Family groupings, locations, specialisms, and the gender of suppliers are considered, and there is a detailed case-study of the suppliers of cloth. It is found that whilst goods were bought from a wide area, the north-east region provided sufficient choice to satisfy the majority of the priory's needs.Less
Very little is known about the merchants trading in the north-east in this period. The Durham evidence provides an important insight into a cross section of the producers, manufacturers and traders active in the region in the late middle ages. Surprisingly, it is found that the priory sourced goods from a wide variety of merchants in each product category, and rarely had long or exclusive relationships with particular suppliers. Cloth provided a notable exception to this pattern. The wider relationships between the priory and its suppliers are discussed, with particular reference to those who appear in the Liber Vitae. Family groupings, locations, specialisms, and the gender of suppliers are considered, and there is a detailed case-study of the suppliers of cloth. It is found that whilst goods were bought from a wide area, the north-east region provided sufficient choice to satisfy the majority of the priory's needs.
Stephanie Ward
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719086809
- eISBN:
- 9781781705995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719086809.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Social History
The conclusion explains the differences in the response to the means test in south Wales and the north-east of England and highlights the importance of place, topography and political culture. ...
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The conclusion explains the differences in the response to the means test in south Wales and the north-east of England and highlights the importance of place, topography and political culture. Conclusions are drawn about the significance of traditions of militancy, how the identity and the perception of the unemployed influenced leadership for collective action and how protest could be expressed through a variety of mediums and the impact of this. The central points about the lasting impact of the means test are placed within the context of the worldwide depression and the coming of the Second World War. Finally, the book ends with a discussion of the importance of history of the unemployed and how historians approach collective action from those groups on the margins of society.Less
The conclusion explains the differences in the response to the means test in south Wales and the north-east of England and highlights the importance of place, topography and political culture. Conclusions are drawn about the significance of traditions of militancy, how the identity and the perception of the unemployed influenced leadership for collective action and how protest could be expressed through a variety of mediums and the impact of this. The central points about the lasting impact of the means test are placed within the context of the worldwide depression and the coming of the Second World War. Finally, the book ends with a discussion of the importance of history of the unemployed and how historians approach collective action from those groups on the margins of society.
Chris Fowler
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199656370
- eISBN:
- 9780191804724
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199656370.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter examines Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age mortuary practices in North-East England and their relationship with places and landscapes. In particular, it considers the sites chosen for ...
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This chapter examines Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age mortuary practices in North-East England and their relationship with places and landscapes. In particular, it considers the sites chosen for mortuary activity, including the funerary transformation of the recently deceased, burial, intercession with the dead, and production of cemeteries and mounds. It first looks at the key features of landscapes of North-East England that became intertwined with mortuary activity before turning to an analysis of patterns where the dead were buried. It then discusses the changing character of places where the dead were assembled, including cemeteries, cairns, barrows, henges, sites with isolated burials, and rock shelters. Finally, the chapter explores the composition of and evidence for other activities at some of these locales to place the treatment of the dead within the context of other practices.Less
This chapter examines Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age mortuary practices in North-East England and their relationship with places and landscapes. In particular, it considers the sites chosen for mortuary activity, including the funerary transformation of the recently deceased, burial, intercession with the dead, and production of cemeteries and mounds. It first looks at the key features of landscapes of North-East England that became intertwined with mortuary activity before turning to an analysis of patterns where the dead were buried. It then discusses the changing character of places where the dead were assembled, including cemeteries, cairns, barrows, henges, sites with isolated burials, and rock shelters. Finally, the chapter explores the composition of and evidence for other activities at some of these locales to place the treatment of the dead within the context of other practices.
Miranda Threlfall-Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253814
- eISBN:
- 9780191719813
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253814.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Two main patterns of purchasing emerge from this analysis of the priory's accounts, the ‘tenurial’ and ‘market’ methods. This chapter addresses the first of these — the purchasing of goods via Durham ...
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Two main patterns of purchasing emerge from this analysis of the priory's accounts, the ‘tenurial’ and ‘market’ methods. This chapter addresses the first of these — the purchasing of goods via Durham Cathedral Priory's tenurial networks. This was especially important for basic foodstuffs such as grain, livestock, and some fish, as well as goods manufactured in the north-east of England. Such goods were mainly supplied by tenants of the priory, and were offset or credited against rents owing in the accounts. The analysis reveals the interrelationship between the priory as landlord and its tenants to have been exceptionally close, and to have been to both parties' advantage.Less
Two main patterns of purchasing emerge from this analysis of the priory's accounts, the ‘tenurial’ and ‘market’ methods. This chapter addresses the first of these — the purchasing of goods via Durham Cathedral Priory's tenurial networks. This was especially important for basic foodstuffs such as grain, livestock, and some fish, as well as goods manufactured in the north-east of England. Such goods were mainly supplied by tenants of the priory, and were offset or credited against rents owing in the accounts. The analysis reveals the interrelationship between the priory as landlord and its tenants to have been exceptionally close, and to have been to both parties' advantage.
