Jacqueline Bhabha
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691169101
- eISBN:
- 9781400850167
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691169101.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter examines the entitlements that child migrants have as a matter of international and domestic law, along with the reality behind these entitlements. It first explains how access to ...
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This chapter examines the entitlements that child migrants have as a matter of international and domestic law, along with the reality behind these entitlements. It first explains how access to fundamental rights protection for young people without a government remains elusive before discussing how rightlessness impinges on the material and psychological well-being of adolescent migrants. It then considers two issues that complicate the enforcement of adolescent migrant rights: the relative importance of family unity as a factor in assessing the best interests of children, and the relevance of socioeconomic rights, including access to employment opportunities, in assessing an adolescent's best interests. It also explores the political pronouncements and practical realities regarding the rights of undocumented migrant adolescents and concludes with an assessment of how some states have interpreted their obligations to provide two important sets of human rights for migrant adolescents: access to education and right to health care.Less
This chapter examines the entitlements that child migrants have as a matter of international and domestic law, along with the reality behind these entitlements. It first explains how access to fundamental rights protection for young people without a government remains elusive before discussing how rightlessness impinges on the material and psychological well-being of adolescent migrants. It then considers two issues that complicate the enforcement of adolescent migrant rights: the relative importance of family unity as a factor in assessing the best interests of children, and the relevance of socioeconomic rights, including access to employment opportunities, in assessing an adolescent's best interests. It also explores the political pronouncements and practical realities regarding the rights of undocumented migrant adolescents and concludes with an assessment of how some states have interpreted their obligations to provide two important sets of human rights for migrant adolescents: access to education and right to health care.
Geoffrey Sherington
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853236764
- eISBN:
- 9781846312816
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853236764.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter concentrates on the work of the Fairbridge Society, which was responsible for about half of all child migrants who travelled to Australia, and emphasises some of the distortions that can ...
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This chapter concentrates on the work of the Fairbridge Society, which was responsible for about half of all child migrants who travelled to Australia, and emphasises some of the distortions that can creep into popular mythology as particular social issues become fashionably shocking. It focuses on four groups of Fairbridge child migrants who came to Pinjarra, which was the original Fairbridge farm. The role of the Poor Law homes and local government authorities in the recruitment of Fairbridge children is significant in the history of the Fairbridge migration scheme. Many parents enrolled children into what they saw as an imperial emigration scheme. It is noted that the arrivals at Pinjarra in 1949 may have had the least traumatic experiences of all the groups considered here. Furthermore, the data showed that the Fairbridge farm itself became far more institutionalised and even ossified in its methods and approaches.Less
This chapter concentrates on the work of the Fairbridge Society, which was responsible for about half of all child migrants who travelled to Australia, and emphasises some of the distortions that can creep into popular mythology as particular social issues become fashionably shocking. It focuses on four groups of Fairbridge child migrants who came to Pinjarra, which was the original Fairbridge farm. The role of the Poor Law homes and local government authorities in the recruitment of Fairbridge children is significant in the history of the Fairbridge migration scheme. Many parents enrolled children into what they saw as an imperial emigration scheme. It is noted that the arrivals at Pinjarra in 1949 may have had the least traumatic experiences of all the groups considered here. Furthermore, the data showed that the Fairbridge farm itself became far more institutionalised and even ossified in its methods and approaches.
Jing Guo
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199990313
- eISBN:
- 9780199346363
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199990313.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter describes China’s approach to the problem of migrant child education in the context of large internal migration and education finance, reviews major migrant child education policies from ...
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This chapter describes China’s approach to the problem of migrant child education in the context of large internal migration and education finance, reviews major migrant child education policies from the past decade, and discusses policy implementation in Beijing and Zhejiang province. The degree to which the costs for migrant child education are shared between provincial and local levels of government or are borne entirely at the local level influences the quality of education the children receive and depends on the region. The analysis presented here identifies intergovernmental transfers as the critical missing element of current migrant child education policy in China. It suggests that higher level governments, i.e. central and provincial governments, should take the lead in developing regularized fiscal transfers for migrant child compulsory education to ensure sufficient financing for migrant child education in urban areas. This chapter also calls for more research and discussion about policymaking, with an emphasis on a developmental perspective.Less
This chapter describes China’s approach to the problem of migrant child education in the context of large internal migration and education finance, reviews major migrant child education policies from the past decade, and discusses policy implementation in Beijing and Zhejiang province. The degree to which the costs for migrant child education are shared between provincial and local levels of government or are borne entirely at the local level influences the quality of education the children receive and depends on the region. The analysis presented here identifies intergovernmental transfers as the critical missing element of current migrant child education policy in China. It suggests that higher level governments, i.e. central and provincial governments, should take the lead in developing regularized fiscal transfers for migrant child compulsory education to ensure sufficient financing for migrant child education in urban areas. This chapter also calls for more research and discussion about policymaking, with an emphasis on a developmental perspective.
Jacqueline Bhabha
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691169101
- eISBN:
- 9781400850167
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691169101.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This book examines the complexity of child migration, focusing on three nonmutually exclusive migration groups that pose dilemmas for child migrants, their families, and their advocates, as well as ...
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This book examines the complexity of child migration, focusing on three nonmutually exclusive migration groups that pose dilemmas for child migrants, their families, and their advocates, as well as for policy and decision makers: family-related migration (comprising family reunion, family-related deportation, and intercountry adoption); exploitation-related migration (including child trafficking and recruitment related to armed conflict); and survival-related migration (covering refugee- and asylum-driven migration, and economic migration). Piecing together the diverse strands of policy development, law enactment, and institutional implementation, the book shows from the lens of child migration how human rights principles can move from theory to practice. It explores child migration for family reunion and considers a significant aspect of child migration—that primarily driven by the search for survival, opportunity, and a viable life. The book argues that child migrants need to be viewed as agents whose aspirations are relevant to institutional decision making.Less
This book examines the complexity of child migration, focusing on three nonmutually exclusive migration groups that pose dilemmas for child migrants, their families, and their advocates, as well as for policy and decision makers: family-related migration (comprising family reunion, family-related deportation, and intercountry adoption); exploitation-related migration (including child trafficking and recruitment related to armed conflict); and survival-related migration (covering refugee- and asylum-driven migration, and economic migration). Piecing together the diverse strands of policy development, law enactment, and institutional implementation, the book shows from the lens of child migration how human rights principles can move from theory to practice. It explores child migration for family reunion and considers a significant aspect of child migration—that primarily driven by the search for survival, opportunity, and a viable life. The book argues that child migrants need to be viewed as agents whose aspirations are relevant to institutional decision making.
Daniel Senovilla Hernández
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262015271
- eISBN:
- 9780262295437
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262015271.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter examines the interpretation of international and national laws meant for protecting migrant children by Spanish authorities, as well as the ineffectiveness of the forced repatriation of ...
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This chapter examines the interpretation of international and national laws meant for protecting migrant children by Spanish authorities, as well as the ineffectiveness of the forced repatriation of the unaccompanied and separated children, especially North Africans under Spanish policy. It explains various strategies developed by national and regional Spanish authorities to exclude the unaccompanied and separated children from the protection systems to which they are entitled. The chapter presents recommendations for Spanish national legislation and central authorities for adequate care and treatment of unaccompanied and separated children. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) recommendations for the determination process of unaccompanied and separated children are also presented.Less
This chapter examines the interpretation of international and national laws meant for protecting migrant children by Spanish authorities, as well as the ineffectiveness of the forced repatriation of the unaccompanied and separated children, especially North Africans under Spanish policy. It explains various strategies developed by national and regional Spanish authorities to exclude the unaccompanied and separated children from the protection systems to which they are entitled. The chapter presents recommendations for Spanish national legislation and central authorities for adequate care and treatment of unaccompanied and separated children. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) recommendations for the determination process of unaccompanied and separated children are also presented.
Shurlee Swain
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853236764
- eISBN:
- 9781846312816
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853236764.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter describes the debate about the removal of children from their parents, whether migrant children from the Old Country or Aboriginal children wrested from their parents in order to provide ...
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This chapter describes the debate about the removal of children from their parents, whether migrant children from the Old Country or Aboriginal children wrested from their parents in order to provide them an ‘improved’ lifestyle, within a discourse that presented the parent as the enemy of the child. The child-rescue or child-saving movement had its origins in industrial Britain. The child-saving gospel spread quickly in the Australian colonies. The removal of Aboriginal children commenced with the arrival of Europeans. Aboriginal child removal was condemned as a form of genocide and apologies and reparation were called for. Concerns about child migration are elaborated in detail. The child rescue philosophy established children as recipients of charity, objects of mission to have good works done to them, to be traded or given away, or employed for the good of the nation/parent.Less
This chapter describes the debate about the removal of children from their parents, whether migrant children from the Old Country or Aboriginal children wrested from their parents in order to provide them an ‘improved’ lifestyle, within a discourse that presented the parent as the enemy of the child. The child-rescue or child-saving movement had its origins in industrial Britain. The child-saving gospel spread quickly in the Australian colonies. The removal of Aboriginal children commenced with the arrival of Europeans. Aboriginal child removal was condemned as a form of genocide and apologies and reparation were called for. Concerns about child migration are elaborated in detail. The child rescue philosophy established children as recipients of charity, objects of mission to have good works done to them, to be traded or given away, or employed for the good of the nation/parent.
Jacqueline Bhabha
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691169101
- eISBN:
- 9781400850167
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691169101.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Why, despite massive public concern, is child trafficking on the rise? Why are unaccompanied migrant children living on the streets and routinely threatened with deportation to their countries of ...
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Why, despite massive public concern, is child trafficking on the rise? Why are unaccompanied migrant children living on the streets and routinely threatened with deportation to their countries of origin? Why do so many young refugees of war-ravaged and failed states end up warehoused in camps, victimized by the sex trade, or enlisted as child soldiers? This book provides the first comprehensive account of the widespread but neglected global phenomenon of child migration, exploring the complex challenges facing children and adolescents who move to join their families, those who are moved to be exploited, and those who move simply to survive. It looks at the often-insurmountable obstacles we place in the paths of adolescents fleeing war, exploitation, or destitution; the contradictory elements in our approach to international adoption; and the limited support we give to young people brutalized as child soldiers. The book challenges the prevailing wisdom that widespread protection failures are caused by our lack of awareness of the problems these children face, arguing instead that our societies have a deep-seated ambivalence to migrant children—one we need to address head-on. The book offers a road map for doing just that, and makes a compelling and courageous case for an international ethics of children's human rights.Less
Why, despite massive public concern, is child trafficking on the rise? Why are unaccompanied migrant children living on the streets and routinely threatened with deportation to their countries of origin? Why do so many young refugees of war-ravaged and failed states end up warehoused in camps, victimized by the sex trade, or enlisted as child soldiers? This book provides the first comprehensive account of the widespread but neglected global phenomenon of child migration, exploring the complex challenges facing children and adolescents who move to join their families, those who are moved to be exploited, and those who move simply to survive. It looks at the often-insurmountable obstacles we place in the paths of adolescents fleeing war, exploitation, or destitution; the contradictory elements in our approach to international adoption; and the limited support we give to young people brutalized as child soldiers. The book challenges the prevailing wisdom that widespread protection failures are caused by our lack of awareness of the problems these children face, arguing instead that our societies have a deep-seated ambivalence to migrant children—one we need to address head-on. The book offers a road map for doing just that, and makes a compelling and courageous case for an international ethics of children's human rights.
Tony Kushner
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781786940629
- eISBN:
- 9781786945051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781786940629.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Using the concept of place, this chapter explores the child survivors who came to Britain after the end of the war and initially settled in the Lake District. It explores how the heritage of the ...
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Using the concept of place, this chapter explores the child survivors who came to Britain after the end of the war and initially settled in the Lake District. It explores how the heritage of the area, which is dominated by William Wordsworth, both excluded but has recently managed to include the experiences of these children as ‘Wandering Jews’. It provides a longer term history of such child refugees by incorporating the experiences of Serbian refugees who were sent to British schools in the First World War and how and why they have subsequently been forgotten. The experiences of the Holocaust survivor children is explored, especially with regard to place identity. Finally the chapter concludes by considering contemporary child migrants with the focus on those who attempt to reach the USA from central America and why concepts such as children’s rights has not impacted on their negative treatment,Less
Using the concept of place, this chapter explores the child survivors who came to Britain after the end of the war and initially settled in the Lake District. It explores how the heritage of the area, which is dominated by William Wordsworth, both excluded but has recently managed to include the experiences of these children as ‘Wandering Jews’. It provides a longer term history of such child refugees by incorporating the experiences of Serbian refugees who were sent to British schools in the First World War and how and why they have subsequently been forgotten. The experiences of the Holocaust survivor children is explored, especially with regard to place identity. Finally the chapter concludes by considering contemporary child migrants with the focus on those who attempt to reach the USA from central America and why concepts such as children’s rights has not impacted on their negative treatment,
Frans J. Schryer
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801453144
- eISBN:
- 9780801455124
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801453144.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter focuses on the children of migrants, including those who are American citizens by virtue of their birth in the United States. Most of them have spent all or most of their lives in the ...
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This chapter focuses on the children of migrants, including those who are American citizens by virtue of their birth in the United States. Most of them have spent all or most of their lives in the United States and would not know what it is like to live in the towns in Mexico where their parents and grandfathers grew up. Others, who were raised in Mexico, have fond memories of growing up in their hometowns in Guerrero. And as more children of undocumented workers were born in the United States, a whole generation of young Nahuas automatically became American citizens. It is not easy to bring up children in the United States when both parents have to work. It costs more to buy clothes and food, and children growing up in large urban centers have higher expectations than their counterparts in Mexico.Less
This chapter focuses on the children of migrants, including those who are American citizens by virtue of their birth in the United States. Most of them have spent all or most of their lives in the United States and would not know what it is like to live in the towns in Mexico where their parents and grandfathers grew up. Others, who were raised in Mexico, have fond memories of growing up in their hometowns in Guerrero. And as more children of undocumented workers were born in the United States, a whole generation of young Nahuas automatically became American citizens. It is not easy to bring up children in the United States when both parents have to work. It costs more to buy clothes and food, and children growing up in large urban centers have higher expectations than their counterparts in Mexico.
