David Hyder and Hans-Jorg Rheinberger (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804756044
- eISBN:
- 9780804772945
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804756044.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This book is a collection of chapters on Husserl's Crisis of European Sciences by philosophers of science and scholars of Husserl. Published and ignored under the Nazi dictatorship, Husserl's last ...
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This book is a collection of chapters on Husserl's Crisis of European Sciences by philosophers of science and scholars of Husserl. Published and ignored under the Nazi dictatorship, Husserl's last work has never received the attention its author's prominence demands. In the Crisis, Husserl considers the gap that has grown between the “life-world” of everyday human experience and the world of mathematical science. He argues that the two have become disconnected because we misunderstand our own scientific past—we confuse mathematical idealities with concrete reality and thereby undermine the validity of our immediate experience. The philosopher's foundational work in the theory of intentionality is relevant to contemporary discussions of qualia, naïve science, and the fact–value distinction. The chapters included in this volume consider Husserl's diagnosis of this “crisis” and his proposed solution. Topics addressed include Husserl's late philosophy, the relation between scientific and everyday objects and “worlds,” the history of Greek and Galilean science, the philosophy of history, and Husserl's influence on Foucault.Less
This book is a collection of chapters on Husserl's Crisis of European Sciences by philosophers of science and scholars of Husserl. Published and ignored under the Nazi dictatorship, Husserl's last work has never received the attention its author's prominence demands. In the Crisis, Husserl considers the gap that has grown between the “life-world” of everyday human experience and the world of mathematical science. He argues that the two have become disconnected because we misunderstand our own scientific past—we confuse mathematical idealities with concrete reality and thereby undermine the validity of our immediate experience. The philosopher's foundational work in the theory of intentionality is relevant to contemporary discussions of qualia, naïve science, and the fact–value distinction. The chapters included in this volume consider Husserl's diagnosis of this “crisis” and his proposed solution. Topics addressed include Husserl's late philosophy, the relation between scientific and everyday objects and “worlds,” the history of Greek and Galilean science, the philosophy of history, and Husserl's influence on Foucault.
Michael Friedman
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804756044
- eISBN:
- 9780804772945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804756044.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter examines the long-standing connection between Galilean mathematical science and the phenomenological philosophy that begins with Husserl's 1910 “Philosophy as Rigorous Science” and ...
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This chapter examines the long-standing connection between Galilean mathematical science and the phenomenological philosophy that begins with Husserl's 1910 “Philosophy as Rigorous Science” and extends to the Crisis. In that early text, Husserl took Galileo's work as a model for phenomenology. But this analogy between the two disciplines later became a problem, for by then the scientific ideal embodied in the Galilean style has caused a crisis at the heart of the sciences. The crisis results from mistaking the ideal ontology of mathematical physics, which depends ultimately on life-world experiences, for the totality of objective reality. This chapter then looks at Husserl's notion of the life-world, considering in particular the distinction between objective sciences following the Galilean style and the science of the life-world.Less
This chapter examines the long-standing connection between Galilean mathematical science and the phenomenological philosophy that begins with Husserl's 1910 “Philosophy as Rigorous Science” and extends to the Crisis. In that early text, Husserl took Galileo's work as a model for phenomenology. But this analogy between the two disciplines later became a problem, for by then the scientific ideal embodied in the Galilean style has caused a crisis at the heart of the sciences. The crisis results from mistaking the ideal ontology of mathematical physics, which depends ultimately on life-world experiences, for the totality of objective reality. This chapter then looks at Husserl's notion of the life-world, considering in particular the distinction between objective sciences following the Galilean style and the science of the life-world.
Ruth Glasner
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- June 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198735861
- eISBN:
- 9780191799822
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198735861.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Gersonides (Levi ben Gershom) was a highly original Jewish philosopher, scientist, and biblical exegete, active in Provence in the first half of the fourteenth century. The book focuses on his work ...
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Gersonides (Levi ben Gershom) was a highly original Jewish philosopher, scientist, and biblical exegete, active in Provence in the first half of the fourteenth century. The book focuses on his work as a scientist, arguing that the key to understanding his originality and his impressive achievements was his perspective of an applied mathematical scientist. It was this perspective that led him to examine Aristotelianism from points of view different from those usually adopted by contemporary scholastics. He started his way, as he himself states, as someone who is at once ‘mathematician, natural scientist and philosopher’, believing that it was in his power to solve the main problems of medieval science. He ended up concentrating on his work as a mathematical astronomer, developing techniques of observation and computation, and somewhat less optimistic about the prospect of scientific knowledge.Less
Gersonides (Levi ben Gershom) was a highly original Jewish philosopher, scientist, and biblical exegete, active in Provence in the first half of the fourteenth century. The book focuses on his work as a scientist, arguing that the key to understanding his originality and his impressive achievements was his perspective of an applied mathematical scientist. It was this perspective that led him to examine Aristotelianism from points of view different from those usually adopted by contemporary scholastics. He started his way, as he himself states, as someone who is at once ‘mathematician, natural scientist and philosopher’, believing that it was in his power to solve the main problems of medieval science. He ended up concentrating on his work as a mathematical astronomer, developing techniques of observation and computation, and somewhat less optimistic about the prospect of scientific knowledge.
Catherine Jami
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199601400
- eISBN:
- 9780191729218
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199601400.003.0007
- Subject:
- Mathematics, History of Mathematics
The year 1689 was a turning point in the story of the mathematical sciences during the Kangxi reign, when all the actors who were to contribute to the shaping of these sciences gathered in Beijing. ...
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The year 1689 was a turning point in the story of the mathematical sciences during the Kangxi reign, when all the actors who were to contribute to the shaping of these sciences gathered in Beijing. Mei Wending arrived there, and began to work on a draft of the astronomical chapters of the Ming History. Meanwhile, the emperor decided to take up the study of Western science on his own account, with Jesuits of both the French and Portuguese missions as tutors. Their continued favor with him was not uncontroversial: astronomy and the related sciences seemed to be the one field of learning where he did not take Chinese sources and the scholars that tutored him as sole authorities. This gave rise to tensions between him and some of his high officials. This chapter presents an example of this tension: it focuses on an imperial visit to the Nanjing Observatory that took place on the 27th day of the 2nd month of the 28th year of the Kangxi reign, that is, on 18 March 1689. Different eye witnesses recorded how the emperor interacted with his officials on matters of astronomy. Other materials shed further light on the stakes of the confrontation that took place.Less
The year 1689 was a turning point in the story of the mathematical sciences during the Kangxi reign, when all the actors who were to contribute to the shaping of these sciences gathered in Beijing. Mei Wending arrived there, and began to work on a draft of the astronomical chapters of the Ming History. Meanwhile, the emperor decided to take up the study of Western science on his own account, with Jesuits of both the French and Portuguese missions as tutors. Their continued favor with him was not uncontroversial: astronomy and the related sciences seemed to be the one field of learning where he did not take Chinese sources and the scholars that tutored him as sole authorities. This gave rise to tensions between him and some of his high officials. This chapter presents an example of this tension: it focuses on an imperial visit to the Nanjing Observatory that took place on the 27th day of the 2nd month of the 28th year of the Kangxi reign, that is, on 18 March 1689. Different eye witnesses recorded how the emperor interacted with his officials on matters of astronomy. Other materials shed further light on the stakes of the confrontation that took place.
W. H. Walsh
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199510177
- eISBN:
- 9780191700972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199510177.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The term Literae Humaniores was used in Oxford University's examination statute of 1800 to designate a major constituent in the new requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. According to the ...
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The term Literae Humaniores was used in Oxford University's examination statute of 1800 to designate a major constituent in the new requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. According to the University Calendar for 1813, the examination was to comprise the following: The Rudiments of Religion, under which head is required a sufficient knowledge of the Gospels in the original Greek — of the 39 Articles of the Church of England — and of the Evidences of Religion, natural and revealed; The Literae Humaniores, under which head is required a competent proficiency, not only in the Latin and Greek languages, but also in Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, as drawn from the Greek and Roman writers — in Logic — and in Latin Composition; The Elements of the Mathematical Sciences and of Physics. Provision was made in 1807 for the names of candidates adjudged worthy of honours to appear distributed in two classes and arranged in two columns, one for ‘the Literae Humaniores’, the other for ‘Disciplinae Mathematicae et Physicae’.Less
The term Literae Humaniores was used in Oxford University's examination statute of 1800 to designate a major constituent in the new requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. According to the University Calendar for 1813, the examination was to comprise the following: The Rudiments of Religion, under which head is required a sufficient knowledge of the Gospels in the original Greek — of the 39 Articles of the Church of England — and of the Evidences of Religion, natural and revealed; The Literae Humaniores, under which head is required a competent proficiency, not only in the Latin and Greek languages, but also in Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, as drawn from the Greek and Roman writers — in Logic — and in Latin Composition; The Elements of the Mathematical Sciences and of Physics. Provision was made in 1807 for the names of candidates adjudged worthy of honours to appear distributed in two classes and arranged in two columns, one for ‘the Literae Humaniores’, the other for ‘Disciplinae Mathematicae et Physicae’.
Charles P. Bigger
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823223503
- eISBN:
- 9780823235117
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823223503.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter examines the place of metaphor in Plato's concept of space and time granting the hypodoche/chora matrix and the Good. It suggests that through participation's ...
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This chapter examines the place of metaphor in Plato's concept of space and time granting the hypodoche/chora matrix and the Good. It suggests that through participation's window onto a world in the making and being made, these Platonic roots and the metaphor itself are no longer in favor with philosophers. In Plato's image of the divided line dianoia, or understanding, is placed on the level of exact mathematical sciences which is incompatible with its founding conditions in images and shadows.Less
This chapter examines the place of metaphor in Plato's concept of space and time granting the hypodoche/chora matrix and the Good. It suggests that through participation's window onto a world in the making and being made, these Platonic roots and the metaphor itself are no longer in favor with philosophers. In Plato's image of the divided line dianoia, or understanding, is placed on the level of exact mathematical sciences which is incompatible with its founding conditions in images and shadows.
Nick Wilding
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226166971
- eISBN:
- 9780226167022
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226167022.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter delves behind the literary figure of Sagredo created by Galileo as an interlocutor in his two final masterpieces, the Dialogo (1632) and Discorsi (1638), to explore the historical ...
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This chapter delves behind the literary figure of Sagredo created by Galileo as an interlocutor in his two final masterpieces, the Dialogo (1632) and Discorsi (1638), to explore the historical reality visible through traces in archives and museums. Although most of the correspondence between Galileo and Sagredo is lost, three portraits of Sagredo by Leandro and Gerolamo Bassano, and much personal and official archival material has here been located. One of these portraits, now in the Ashmolean Museum, is particularly rich iconographically, featuring the Pharos of Alexandria, a Persian kilim presented to Sagredo by Shah Abbas, and a Venetian commissione dogale. These discoveries, it is argued, are important as much for their testimony of the dissolution of a historical persona as their ability to reconstruct a faded aura.Less
This chapter delves behind the literary figure of Sagredo created by Galileo as an interlocutor in his two final masterpieces, the Dialogo (1632) and Discorsi (1638), to explore the historical reality visible through traces in archives and museums. Although most of the correspondence between Galileo and Sagredo is lost, three portraits of Sagredo by Leandro and Gerolamo Bassano, and much personal and official archival material has here been located. One of these portraits, now in the Ashmolean Museum, is particularly rich iconographically, featuring the Pharos of Alexandria, a Persian kilim presented to Sagredo by Shah Abbas, and a Venetian commissione dogale. These discoveries, it is argued, are important as much for their testimony of the dissolution of a historical persona as their ability to reconstruct a faded aura.
