David Caplan and Gloria Waters
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195169539
- eISBN:
- 9780199847204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195169539.003.0017
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter examines how stroke, a common neurological disease seen in aging, leads to language disorders. Collectively, these disorders are known as aphasias. Stroke is a leading cause of language ...
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This chapter examines how stroke, a common neurological disease seen in aging, leads to language disorders. Collectively, these disorders are known as aphasias. Stroke is a leading cause of language impairment in older age. What seems to matter most to the generation of language symptoms is whether the disease is focal or broadly distributed and how fast it develops. Focal, rapidly developing diseases such as abscesses, contusions, or certain tumors can produce language symptoms that are clinically indistinguishable from those seen in stroke and that differ from those seen in slowly developing diseases in the same brain regions. Indeed, the language symptoms that occur after lesions in a given area can change abruptly with changes in a disease. Lesions have to occur in “language areas” to produce language symptoms; these areas surround the sylvian fissure and are literalized to the left hemisphere in almost all right-handed and the majority of left-banded and ambidextrous individuals. They may also include some subcortical structures, the anterior-inferior temporal lobe, and the cerebellum.Less
This chapter examines how stroke, a common neurological disease seen in aging, leads to language disorders. Collectively, these disorders are known as aphasias. Stroke is a leading cause of language impairment in older age. What seems to matter most to the generation of language symptoms is whether the disease is focal or broadly distributed and how fast it develops. Focal, rapidly developing diseases such as abscesses, contusions, or certain tumors can produce language symptoms that are clinically indistinguishable from those seen in stroke and that differ from those seen in slowly developing diseases in the same brain regions. Indeed, the language symptoms that occur after lesions in a given area can change abruptly with changes in a disease. Lesions have to occur in “language areas” to produce language symptoms; these areas surround the sylvian fissure and are literalized to the left hemisphere in almost all right-handed and the majority of left-banded and ambidextrous individuals. They may also include some subcortical structures, the anterior-inferior temporal lobe, and the cerebellum.
Patrick McNamara
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262016087
- eISBN:
- 9780262298360
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262016087.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) suffer most visibly with such motor deficits as tremor and rigidity and less obviously with a range of nonmotor symptoms, including autonomic dysfunction, mood ...
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Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) suffer most visibly with such motor deficits as tremor and rigidity and less obviously with a range of nonmotor symptoms, including autonomic dysfunction, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment. The neuropsychiatric disturbances of PD can be as disabling as its motor disorders, but they have only recently begun to be studied intensively by clinicians and scientists. This book examines the major neuropsychiatric syndromes of PD in detail and offers a cognitive theory that accounts for both their neurology and their phenomenology. It offers a review of knowledge of such neuropsychiatric manifestations of PD as cognitive deficits, personality changes, speech and language symptoms, sleep disorders, apathy, psychosis, and dementia. The author argues that the cognitive, mood, and personality symptoms of PD stem from the weakening or suppression of the agentic aspects of the self. The author’s study aims to arrive at a better understanding of the human mind and its breakdown patterns in patients with PD. The human mind-brain is an elaborate and complex structure patched together to produce what we call the self. When we observe the disruption of the self structure, which occurs with the various neuropsychiatric disorders associated with PD, the author argues, we get a glimpse into the inner workings of the most spectacular structure of the self: The agentic self, the self that acts.Less
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) suffer most visibly with such motor deficits as tremor and rigidity and less obviously with a range of nonmotor symptoms, including autonomic dysfunction, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment. The neuropsychiatric disturbances of PD can be as disabling as its motor disorders, but they have only recently begun to be studied intensively by clinicians and scientists. This book examines the major neuropsychiatric syndromes of PD in detail and offers a cognitive theory that accounts for both their neurology and their phenomenology. It offers a review of knowledge of such neuropsychiatric manifestations of PD as cognitive deficits, personality changes, speech and language symptoms, sleep disorders, apathy, psychosis, and dementia. The author argues that the cognitive, mood, and personality symptoms of PD stem from the weakening or suppression of the agentic aspects of the self. The author’s study aims to arrive at a better understanding of the human mind and its breakdown patterns in patients with PD. The human mind-brain is an elaborate and complex structure patched together to produce what we call the self. When we observe the disruption of the self structure, which occurs with the various neuropsychiatric disorders associated with PD, the author argues, we get a glimpse into the inner workings of the most spectacular structure of the self: The agentic self, the self that acts.
