Graham Tipple
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235040
- eISBN:
- 9781846313097
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846313097
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Many countries have large stocks of government-built housing which, for various reasons, are in poor physical conditions and/or do not conform to the expectations of occupants, who frequently make ...
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Many countries have large stocks of government-built housing which, for various reasons, are in poor physical conditions and/or do not conform to the expectations of occupants, who frequently make unauthorised but quite considerable changes and extensions (transformations) to their dwellings. This book examines user-initiated transformations to government-built housing in Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana, and Zimbabwe, surveyed in a research programme sponsored by the UK Department for International Development. The 1600 dwellings surveyed show how relatively low-income households are capable of supplying new rooms and services both to improve their own housing conditions and to supply rental rooms or accommodation for family members living rent-free. The new construction is often of at least as good quality as the original structures and sometime envelopes the original in a new skin. It is clear that transformation adds accommodation and services to existing housing, upgrades the housing stock, and creates variety out of uniformity. The study leads to policy suggestions to encourage transformations for the renewal of government housing. These include the provision of loan finance; the encouragement of co-operation between neighbours, especially in multi-storey housing; and the planned colonisation of open space next to the dwellings where plots are not provided. For new housing, it is clear that designs for new areas are only the beginning of an on-going development process rather than a blueprint for once-for-all development.Less
Many countries have large stocks of government-built housing which, for various reasons, are in poor physical conditions and/or do not conform to the expectations of occupants, who frequently make unauthorised but quite considerable changes and extensions (transformations) to their dwellings. This book examines user-initiated transformations to government-built housing in Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana, and Zimbabwe, surveyed in a research programme sponsored by the UK Department for International Development. The 1600 dwellings surveyed show how relatively low-income households are capable of supplying new rooms and services both to improve their own housing conditions and to supply rental rooms or accommodation for family members living rent-free. The new construction is often of at least as good quality as the original structures and sometime envelopes the original in a new skin. It is clear that transformation adds accommodation and services to existing housing, upgrades the housing stock, and creates variety out of uniformity. The study leads to policy suggestions to encourage transformations for the renewal of government housing. These include the provision of loan finance; the encouragement of co-operation between neighbours, especially in multi-storey housing; and the planned colonisation of open space next to the dwellings where plots are not provided. For new housing, it is clear that designs for new areas are only the beginning of an on-going development process rather than a blueprint for once-for-all development.
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235040
- eISBN:
- 9781846313097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853235040.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Transformation is extremely popular among residents, so much so that it may be reasonable to ask whether transformation is a universal phenomenon wherever it is allowed either actively or passively. ...
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Transformation is extremely popular among residents, so much so that it may be reasonable to ask whether transformation is a universal phenomenon wherever it is allowed either actively or passively. This chapter reviews a study in Malaysia by Azizah Salim, and one in New Delhi by Alok Dasgupta, and draws out some preliminary findings or observations. It also considers the Israeli experience of positive policy towards transformations.Less
Transformation is extremely popular among residents, so much so that it may be reasonable to ask whether transformation is a universal phenomenon wherever it is allowed either actively or passively. This chapter reviews a study in Malaysia by Azizah Salim, and one in New Delhi by Alok Dasgupta, and draws out some preliminary findings or observations. It also considers the Israeli experience of positive policy towards transformations.
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235040
- eISBN:
- 9781846313097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853235040.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
A house is more than just a dwelling. It is a source and reflection of identity and status, and may also be a location for the business that provides the basic necessities of life or for one which ...
More
A house is more than just a dwelling. It is a source and reflection of identity and status, and may also be a location for the business that provides the basic necessities of life or for one which augments a main income. This chapter discusses how transformations assist in turning a simple dwelling into a structure that can fulfil some or all of these functions. It covers transformation as occupant participation; the importance of ownership; home ownership and extension in mature years; the needs of the next generation; accommodating extra households; characteristics of subsequent households; household shares of the houses; and home-based enterprises.Less
A house is more than just a dwelling. It is a source and reflection of identity and status, and may also be a location for the business that provides the basic necessities of life or for one which augments a main income. This chapter discusses how transformations assist in turning a simple dwelling into a structure that can fulfil some or all of these functions. It covers transformation as occupant participation; the importance of ownership; home ownership and extension in mature years; the needs of the next generation; accommodating extra households; characteristics of subsequent households; household shares of the houses; and home-based enterprises.
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235040
- eISBN:
- 9781846313097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853235040.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter discusses the transformation of government-built housing. It covers the construction process; regulation by planning authorities; phases of transformation; scale; timing; cost; finance; ...
More
This chapter discusses the transformation of government-built housing. It covers the construction process; regulation by planning authorities; phases of transformation; scale; timing; cost; finance; the housing adjustment process through transformation; why occupiers extend; and problems encountered.Less
This chapter discusses the transformation of government-built housing. It covers the construction process; regulation by planning authorities; phases of transformation; scale; timing; cost; finance; the housing adjustment process through transformation; why occupiers extend; and problems encountered.
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235040
- eISBN:
- 9781846313097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853235040.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter examines the issue of income, since housing investment hinges on the financial resources of the households. It discusses whether transformers' households are low income; the income of ...
More
This chapter examines the issue of income, since housing investment hinges on the financial resources of the households. It discusses whether transformers' households are low income; the income of subsequent households; spending on transformations; house value; house cost; relationship between house value/cost and income; the impact of transformations on housing supply and demand; increases in house cost to income ratios; the concept of filtering; and filtering through transformation.Less
This chapter examines the issue of income, since housing investment hinges on the financial resources of the households. It discusses whether transformers' households are low income; the income of subsequent households; spending on transformations; house value; house cost; relationship between house value/cost and income; the impact of transformations on housing supply and demand; increases in house cost to income ratios; the concept of filtering; and filtering through transformation.
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235040
- eISBN:
- 9781846313097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853235040.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter discusses the impact of transformation on conserving housing that would otherwise be near the end of its economic life if left unrestored, and demonstrates the level of upgrading which ...
More
This chapter discusses the impact of transformation on conserving housing that would otherwise be near the end of its economic life if left unrestored, and demonstrates the level of upgrading which has taken place in the study areas by examining the physical conditions and servicing levels that have been produced. The plan forms that result from transformation are examined and shown to contribute to the continuity of families by allowing the next generation to occupy them conveniently. The chapter also examines the tendency for transformations to supply accommodation that would otherwise be found in the periphery of cities, and, at the same time, considers the tendency to crowd too much accommodation onto the available plot space.Less
This chapter discusses the impact of transformation on conserving housing that would otherwise be near the end of its economic life if left unrestored, and demonstrates the level of upgrading which has taken place in the study areas by examining the physical conditions and servicing levels that have been produced. The plan forms that result from transformation are examined and shown to contribute to the continuity of families by allowing the next generation to occupy them conveniently. The chapter also examines the tendency for transformations to supply accommodation that would otherwise be found in the periphery of cities, and, at the same time, considers the tendency to crowd too much accommodation onto the available plot space.
