Maxine Berg (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265321
- eISBN:
- 9780191760495
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265321.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
This book brings together a number of the major historians now entering the field, and rethinking the way they write their histories. The book includes the reflections of China experts, historians of ...
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This book brings together a number of the major historians now entering the field, and rethinking the way they write their histories. The book includes the reflections of China experts, historians of India and Japan, of Latin America, Africa, and Europe on their past writing, and the new directions in which global history is taking them. The book shows the rapid advances in the field from early and inspiring questions of encounters between East and West, of the wealth and poverty of nations — why are we so rich and they so poor? — and the crisis of empires to new thinking on global material cultures, on composite zones and East Asian development paths. It presents historians at a crossroads: enjoying the great excitement of moving out of national borders and reconnecting parts of the world once studied separately, but also facing the huge challenge of new methodologies of comparison, collaboration and interdisciplinarity, and the problems of the rapidly disappearing tools of foreign languages.Less
This book brings together a number of the major historians now entering the field, and rethinking the way they write their histories. The book includes the reflections of China experts, historians of India and Japan, of Latin America, Africa, and Europe on their past writing, and the new directions in which global history is taking them. The book shows the rapid advances in the field from early and inspiring questions of encounters between East and West, of the wealth and poverty of nations — why are we so rich and they so poor? — and the crisis of empires to new thinking on global material cultures, on composite zones and East Asian development paths. It presents historians at a crossroads: enjoying the great excitement of moving out of national borders and reconnecting parts of the world once studied separately, but also facing the huge challenge of new methodologies of comparison, collaboration and interdisciplinarity, and the problems of the rapidly disappearing tools of foreign languages.
Mike Rapport
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265383
- eISBN:
- 9780191760433
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265383.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
In recent years, historians have become increasingly drawn to consider what were once thought of as national problems in a global context. This chapter is inspired by that approach and seeks to ...
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In recent years, historians have become increasingly drawn to consider what were once thought of as national problems in a global context. This chapter is inspired by that approach and seeks to analyse the interaction between the crisis in mainland France and that being experienced by the French colonies in India. The crisis in India directly affected French imperial and commercial aspirations: the circumstances on the subcontinent show how the relationship between the crises around the world overlapped and affected each other, and not necessarily in a single direction emanating from Europe. India was one of the absolute monarchy's greatest lost opportunities for the triumphant assertion of imperial power and for the economic and fiscal rewards which empire and trade might have brought.Less
In recent years, historians have become increasingly drawn to consider what were once thought of as national problems in a global context. This chapter is inspired by that approach and seeks to analyse the interaction between the crisis in mainland France and that being experienced by the French colonies in India. The crisis in India directly affected French imperial and commercial aspirations: the circumstances on the subcontinent show how the relationship between the crises around the world overlapped and affected each other, and not necessarily in a single direction emanating from Europe. India was one of the absolute monarchy's greatest lost opportunities for the triumphant assertion of imperial power and for the economic and fiscal rewards which empire and trade might have brought.
Alan Mikhail (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199768677
- eISBN:
- 9780199979608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199768677.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter introduces the field of Middle East environmental history. It begins by discussing an older geophysical and biological literature that has set the stage for this book. It then points to ...
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This chapter introduces the field of Middle East environmental history. It begins by discussing an older geophysical and biological literature that has set the stage for this book. It then points to what global environmental historians stand to gain from a consideration of the Middle East and North Africa's ecological past: knowledge of how one of the central regions of Eurasian history fits into global patterns of trade and commerce, the ability to test out theories of environmental change in a region that affords one of the longest documentary records of any on earth, and an understanding of how the cultural traditions of the Middle East and North Africa engaged with nature and environmental processes. This chapter then takes the opposite perspective to explain how Middle East Studies can benefit from adopting some of the methodologies of environmental history. The benefits include breaking out of traditional understandings of periodization and geographic demarcation; including new actors in the historiography of the field; and thinking in new ways about major debates in Middle East Studies, such as imperial decline in the early modern period or the politics of oil in the twentieth century.Less
This chapter introduces the field of Middle East environmental history. It begins by discussing an older geophysical and biological literature that has set the stage for this book. It then points to what global environmental historians stand to gain from a consideration of the Middle East and North Africa's ecological past: knowledge of how one of the central regions of Eurasian history fits into global patterns of trade and commerce, the ability to test out theories of environmental change in a region that affords one of the longest documentary records of any on earth, and an understanding of how the cultural traditions of the Middle East and North Africa engaged with nature and environmental processes. This chapter then takes the opposite perspective to explain how Middle East Studies can benefit from adopting some of the methodologies of environmental history. The benefits include breaking out of traditional understandings of periodization and geographic demarcation; including new actors in the historiography of the field; and thinking in new ways about major debates in Middle East Studies, such as imperial decline in the early modern period or the politics of oil in the twentieth century.
D. R. M. Irving
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195378269
- eISBN:
- 9780199864614
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378269.003.0010
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter emphasizes the importance of looking beyond the geocultural boundaries of Europe in the writing of music history. It calls for a neostructuralist approach to global music histories, one ...
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This chapter emphasizes the importance of looking beyond the geocultural boundaries of Europe in the writing of music history. It calls for a neostructuralist approach to global music histories, one that seeks to transcend the incommensurabilities of distinct (and seemingly irreconcilable) musical cultures within colonial contexts by reading sources contrapuntally and analyzing them with reference to macro‐historical frameworks. The conclusion goes on to summarize the main arguments of the book, and reiterates the proposal that European musical counterpoint mirrored many of the objectives of early modern imperialism, in terms of attempting to rationalize sound and society. Yet it also acknowledges that the thesis, antithesis, and synthesis embodied in colonial counterpoint can be subjected to more nuanced interpretations, and that contrapuntal structures could be inverted and subverted by subaltern societies.Less
This chapter emphasizes the importance of looking beyond the geocultural boundaries of Europe in the writing of music history. It calls for a neostructuralist approach to global music histories, one that seeks to transcend the incommensurabilities of distinct (and seemingly irreconcilable) musical cultures within colonial contexts by reading sources contrapuntally and analyzing them with reference to macro‐historical frameworks. The conclusion goes on to summarize the main arguments of the book, and reiterates the proposal that European musical counterpoint mirrored many of the objectives of early modern imperialism, in terms of attempting to rationalize sound and society. Yet it also acknowledges that the thesis, antithesis, and synthesis embodied in colonial counterpoint can be subjected to more nuanced interpretations, and that contrapuntal structures could be inverted and subverted by subaltern societies.
Charles Bright and Michael Geyer
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520230576
- eISBN:
- 9780520936034
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520230576.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter speculates the global context and tries to locate the history of the United States within it. It explains that one should be careful not to absorb national history into global history, ...
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This chapter speculates the global context and tries to locate the history of the United States within it. It explains that one should be careful not to absorb national history into global history, which is not universal, totalizing, and complete. The discussion focuses on three historical organizations of American sovereignty. It studies the centrality of the production of a sovereign territory during the nineteenth century, the partial deterritorialization of civil society since the Second World War, and the extension of production territory in the industrial area.Less
This chapter speculates the global context and tries to locate the history of the United States within it. It explains that one should be careful not to absorb national history into global history, which is not universal, totalizing, and complete. The discussion focuses on three historical organizations of American sovereignty. It studies the centrality of the production of a sovereign territory during the nineteenth century, the partial deterritorialization of civil society since the Second World War, and the extension of production territory in the industrial area.
J. R. McNeill
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199768677
- eISBN:
- 9780199979608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199768677.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter is a global and comparative analysis of the Middle East and North Africa's environmental history. It argues that three distinct features—termed “eccentricities"—help to explain the ...
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This chapter is a global and comparative analysis of the Middle East and North Africa's environmental history. It argues that three distinct features—termed “eccentricities"—help to explain the particular environmental history of the region. These eccentricities are in the realms of water, grass, and energy. The eccentricities of the Middle East and North Africa with respect to water include both the obvious shortage of fresh water in much of the region, and the less-noticed distinct and beneficial geography of saltwater seas, gulfs, and bays. The eccentricity of grass in the region derives mainly from the fact that grasslands exist in a complex quilt pattern rather than in huge expanses. Finally, the eccentricities of energy in the Middle East and North Africa reside in the region's long reliance on biomass and animals, its minimal resort to coal, and its near-total refashioning in the age of cheap oil.Less
This chapter is a global and comparative analysis of the Middle East and North Africa's environmental history. It argues that three distinct features—termed “eccentricities"—help to explain the particular environmental history of the region. These eccentricities are in the realms of water, grass, and energy. The eccentricities of the Middle East and North Africa with respect to water include both the obvious shortage of fresh water in much of the region, and the less-noticed distinct and beneficial geography of saltwater seas, gulfs, and bays. The eccentricity of grass in the region derives mainly from the fact that grasslands exist in a complex quilt pattern rather than in huge expanses. Finally, the eccentricities of energy in the Middle East and North Africa reside in the region's long reliance on biomass and animals, its minimal resort to coal, and its near-total refashioning in the age of cheap oil.
Alan Mikhail (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199768677
- eISBN:
- 9780199979608
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199768677.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This book is a holistic environmental history of the Middle East and North Africa over the last half millennium. It shows how the intimate connections between peoples and environments shaped ...
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This book is a holistic environmental history of the Middle East and North Africa over the last half millennium. It shows how the intimate connections between peoples and environments shaped political, economic, and social history in startling and often unforeseen ways. Nearly all political powers in the region based their rule on the management and control of natural resources, and nearly all individuals were in constant communion with the natural world. To grasp how these multiple histories were central to the pasts of the Middle East and North Africa, the chapters in this book demonstrate the power of environmental history to open up new avenues of historical research and understanding. The book furthermore traces how the Middle East and North Africa deeply affected the global histories of climate, disease, trade, energy, environmental politics, ecological manipulation, and much more. At the intersection of three continents and as many seas, the Middle East and North Africa have been central to world history for millennia. Studying the ecological implications of these global connections, both for the region itself and for the rest of the world, helps bring the Middle East and North Africa into global history and shows how the region must be an essential part of any understanding of the environments of Eurasia over the last five hundred years.Less
This book is a holistic environmental history of the Middle East and North Africa over the last half millennium. It shows how the intimate connections between peoples and environments shaped political, economic, and social history in startling and often unforeseen ways. Nearly all political powers in the region based their rule on the management and control of natural resources, and nearly all individuals were in constant communion with the natural world. To grasp how these multiple histories were central to the pasts of the Middle East and North Africa, the chapters in this book demonstrate the power of environmental history to open up new avenues of historical research and understanding. The book furthermore traces how the Middle East and North Africa deeply affected the global histories of climate, disease, trade, energy, environmental politics, ecological manipulation, and much more. At the intersection of three continents and as many seas, the Middle East and North Africa have been central to world history for millennia. Studying the ecological implications of these global connections, both for the region itself and for the rest of the world, helps bring the Middle East and North Africa into global history and shows how the region must be an essential part of any understanding of the environments of Eurasia over the last five hundred years.
Deirdre de la Cruz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226314884
- eISBN:
- 9780226315072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226315072.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Religion
In addition to providing an overview of the book’s chapters, the Introduction discusses what is signaled by the adoption and circulation of the generic terms “Marian” and “Marianism” in the modern ...
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In addition to providing an overview of the book’s chapters, the Introduction discusses what is signaled by the adoption and circulation of the generic terms “Marian” and “Marianism” in the modern Philippines. It asks: What are the underlying philosophical and theological presuppositions of these terms that prioritize the universal over the local and particular? What are the implications of these terms for religious subjectivity? What is suggested by the act that the term is in English, in contrast to the many titles of Mary that have historically linked her to a specific place whose name is often in the local vernacular and whose sacredness is understood to be geographically bound? To answer these questions points to transformations in ideas about divine presence, community, representation, and potency among Filipino Catholics who espouse these terms. It also draws the history of Filipino Marianism into the global history known in Catholic circles as the “Age of Mary.”Less
In addition to providing an overview of the book’s chapters, the Introduction discusses what is signaled by the adoption and circulation of the generic terms “Marian” and “Marianism” in the modern Philippines. It asks: What are the underlying philosophical and theological presuppositions of these terms that prioritize the universal over the local and particular? What are the implications of these terms for religious subjectivity? What is suggested by the act that the term is in English, in contrast to the many titles of Mary that have historically linked her to a specific place whose name is often in the local vernacular and whose sacredness is understood to be geographically bound? To answer these questions points to transformations in ideas about divine presence, community, representation, and potency among Filipino Catholics who espouse these terms. It also draws the history of Filipino Marianism into the global history known in Catholic circles as the “Age of Mary.”
Neville Kirk
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781786940094
- eISBN:
- 9781786944269
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781786940094.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Political History
Part One, comprising of two chapters, sets the particular case of Mann and Ross in its relevant transnational and, to a lesser extent, comparative and global contexts. Chapter One is methodological ...
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Part One, comprising of two chapters, sets the particular case of Mann and Ross in its relevant transnational and, to a lesser extent, comparative and global contexts. Chapter One is methodological and historiographical in character. It first traces the development of labour history. It then turns to consider the books key definitions and usages: transnationalism; globalisation; comparative history. This involves both a critical survey of the relevant literature and an explication of my approach and usage. The final section of the chapter explores the development, strengths and weaknesses and potential of transnational historyLess
Part One, comprising of two chapters, sets the particular case of Mann and Ross in its relevant transnational and, to a lesser extent, comparative and global contexts. Chapter One is methodological and historiographical in character. It first traces the development of labour history. It then turns to consider the books key definitions and usages: transnationalism; globalisation; comparative history. This involves both a critical survey of the relevant literature and an explication of my approach and usage. The final section of the chapter explores the development, strengths and weaknesses and potential of transnational history
James Belich, John Darwin, and Chris Wickham
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198732259
- eISBN:
- 9780191796562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198732259.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Global history may be boundless, but global historians are not. Global history cannot usefully mean the history of everything, everywhere, all the time. Three approaches seem to have real promise. ...
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Global history may be boundless, but global historians are not. Global history cannot usefully mean the history of everything, everywhere, all the time. Three approaches seem to have real promise. One is global history as the pursuit of significant historical problems across time, space, and specialism. This can sometimes be characterized as ‘comparative’ history. Another is connectedness, including transnational relationships. The third approach is the study of globalization. Globalization is a term that needs to be rescued from the present, and salvaged for the past. To define it as always encompassing the whole planet is to mistake the current outcome for a very ancient process.Less
Global history may be boundless, but global historians are not. Global history cannot usefully mean the history of everything, everywhere, all the time. Three approaches seem to have real promise. One is global history as the pursuit of significant historical problems across time, space, and specialism. This can sometimes be characterized as ‘comparative’ history. Another is connectedness, including transnational relationships. The third approach is the study of globalization. Globalization is a term that needs to be rescued from the present, and salvaged for the past. To define it as always encompassing the whole planet is to mistake the current outcome for a very ancient process.
Kiri Paramore
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780197266250
- eISBN:
- 9780191869181
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266250.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter argues for the existence of an intellectually Confucian-centred, Classical Chinese language delivered archive of knowledge across early modern East Asia. I argue that this broad, ...
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This chapter argues for the existence of an intellectually Confucian-centred, Classical Chinese language delivered archive of knowledge across early modern East Asia. I argue that this broad, transferable, and often commercially delivered Sinosphere archive supported the creation of state-led information orders in early modern East Asia. This argument resonates with recent work in South Asian and Global History demonstrating the role of regional early modern information orders in facilitating global flows of knowledge. I focus particularly on the transregional nature of the literary, pedagogical, and book culture that underlay the information order of early modern East Asia, and the state’s prime role in its development in early modern Japan. The article thus employs the concept of archivality to analyse early modern information systems, demonstrating patterns of trans-regional knowledge development in East Asia which resonate with other early modern global examples.Less
This chapter argues for the existence of an intellectually Confucian-centred, Classical Chinese language delivered archive of knowledge across early modern East Asia. I argue that this broad, transferable, and often commercially delivered Sinosphere archive supported the creation of state-led information orders in early modern East Asia. This argument resonates with recent work in South Asian and Global History demonstrating the role of regional early modern information orders in facilitating global flows of knowledge. I focus particularly on the transregional nature of the literary, pedagogical, and book culture that underlay the information order of early modern East Asia, and the state’s prime role in its development in early modern Japan. The article thus employs the concept of archivality to analyse early modern information systems, demonstrating patterns of trans-regional knowledge development in East Asia which resonate with other early modern global examples.
Jürgen Osterhammel
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198732259
- eISBN:
- 9780191796562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198732259.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
This chapter argues that global history is not a self-contained field but one in need of theoretical and terminological support from various parts of the systematic social sciences. A strong ...
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This chapter argues that global history is not a self-contained field but one in need of theoretical and terminological support from various parts of the systematic social sciences. A strong candidate for conceptual inputs is historical sociology—an old discourse that originated with the founding fathers of sociology and can in turn profit from a close attachment to global history. Different kinds of global history require their respective conceptual tools many of which can be provided by a historical sociology that keeps a balance between the richness of anthropological description and the formalism of network analysis. A particularly fruitful topic of mutual interest is that of time and temporalities.Less
This chapter argues that global history is not a self-contained field but one in need of theoretical and terminological support from various parts of the systematic social sciences. A strong candidate for conceptual inputs is historical sociology—an old discourse that originated with the founding fathers of sociology and can in turn profit from a close attachment to global history. Different kinds of global history require their respective conceptual tools many of which can be provided by a historical sociology that keeps a balance between the richness of anthropological description and the formalism of network analysis. A particularly fruitful topic of mutual interest is that of time and temporalities.
Alan Karras and Laura J. Mitchell (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780824865917
- eISBN:
- 9780824875626
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824865917.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
This volume responds to provocations that Jerry Bentley tendered in his scholarship and through his professional activities. The collection interrogates the institutional settings, disciplinary ...
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This volume responds to provocations that Jerry Bentley tendered in his scholarship and through his professional activities. The collection interrogates the institutional settings, disciplinary proclivities, methodological choices, and diverse source bases of world history research and teaching. Several essays in the book address the ways in which present-day concerns influence historical research on local and global scales. Other essays pay particular attention to the production and circulation of knowledge across regional, temporal, and class boundaries, as well as between the academy and the wider public. The book makes a claim for the continued centrality of globally informed and globally focused approaches to historical inquiry. As such, it seeks to continue the conversations that Jerry Bentley carried on through his scholarship, teaching, editing the Journal of World History, participating in many public forums, and contributing to public discussions about the place of history in understanding today’s global integration.Less
This volume responds to provocations that Jerry Bentley tendered in his scholarship and through his professional activities. The collection interrogates the institutional settings, disciplinary proclivities, methodological choices, and diverse source bases of world history research and teaching. Several essays in the book address the ways in which present-day concerns influence historical research on local and global scales. Other essays pay particular attention to the production and circulation of knowledge across regional, temporal, and class boundaries, as well as between the academy and the wider public. The book makes a claim for the continued centrality of globally informed and globally focused approaches to historical inquiry. As such, it seeks to continue the conversations that Jerry Bentley carried on through his scholarship, teaching, editing the Journal of World History, participating in many public forums, and contributing to public discussions about the place of history in understanding today’s global integration.
Shruti Kapila
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199769230
- eISBN:
- 9780199388875
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199769230.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas, European Modern History
In specifying the global as a historical and philosophical condition of the twentieth century, this essay situates India as methodologically instructive for the study of major political concepts ...
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In specifying the global as a historical and philosophical condition of the twentieth century, this essay situates India as methodologically instructive for the study of major political concepts ranging from liberalism to democracy. The centrality of conflict and rupture as productive for political projects of the twentieth century is emphasized in relation to current metaphors and methods of global history, be they circulation and exchange or dialogue and dissent. The primacy of the political, in the Indian context, is elaborated in relation to the ethical and the social encompassing issues of violence and nonviolence. The parting with history conditioned the ideological innovation of twentieth-century India that radically reappraised, as it rejected, inherited political vocabularies of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Precisely because it was without precedent, this essay argues, agonism appeared as the enduring form of the world’s largest democracy.Less
In specifying the global as a historical and philosophical condition of the twentieth century, this essay situates India as methodologically instructive for the study of major political concepts ranging from liberalism to democracy. The centrality of conflict and rupture as productive for political projects of the twentieth century is emphasized in relation to current metaphors and methods of global history, be they circulation and exchange or dialogue and dissent. The primacy of the political, in the Indian context, is elaborated in relation to the ethical and the social encompassing issues of violence and nonviolence. The parting with history conditioned the ideological innovation of twentieth-century India that radically reappraised, as it rejected, inherited political vocabularies of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Precisely because it was without precedent, this essay argues, agonism appeared as the enduring form of the world’s largest democracy.
Brett M. Bennett
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029933
- eISBN:
- 9780262329910
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029933.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
This book offers a historical perspective on the global proliferation of protected forest areas and productive timber plantations. It argues that a forest management divergence—the separation of wood ...
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This book offers a historical perspective on the global proliferation of protected forest areas and productive timber plantations. It argues that a forest management divergence—the separation of wood production from the protection of forests—has occurred during the twentieth century as a result of globalisation. The book shows how plantations and protected areas evolved from, and then undermined, an earlier integrated forest management system, the conservation model, that sought both to produce timber and to conserve the environment. To trace these changes, the book reassesses the historical development of the science and profession of forestry in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe; offers an original interpretation on the twentieth-century creation of timber plantations in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australia; and establishes how the controversies over deforestation led to the establishment of protected areas. The book concludes with the suggestion that to solve the problems associated with the forest management divergence scientists, policy makers and environmentalists must better integrate protective and productive aspects of forest management. To successfully achieve this integration requires a deeper awareness of history.Less
This book offers a historical perspective on the global proliferation of protected forest areas and productive timber plantations. It argues that a forest management divergence—the separation of wood production from the protection of forests—has occurred during the twentieth century as a result of globalisation. The book shows how plantations and protected areas evolved from, and then undermined, an earlier integrated forest management system, the conservation model, that sought both to produce timber and to conserve the environment. To trace these changes, the book reassesses the historical development of the science and profession of forestry in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe; offers an original interpretation on the twentieth-century creation of timber plantations in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australia; and establishes how the controversies over deforestation led to the establishment of protected areas. The book concludes with the suggestion that to solve the problems associated with the forest management divergence scientists, policy makers and environmentalists must better integrate protective and productive aspects of forest management. To successfully achieve this integration requires a deeper awareness of history.
Maria Cruz Berrocal and Cheng-hwa Tsang (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780813054759
- eISBN:
- 9780813053318
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813054759.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
The history of the Asia-Pacific region since the 1500s has traditionally been told as one of stagnation and decline imposed by the superiority of Europeans, who also allegedly established capitalism ...
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The history of the Asia-Pacific region since the 1500s has traditionally been told as one of stagnation and decline imposed by the superiority of Europeans, who also allegedly established capitalism and political and economic domination since their arrival, thus opening the era of “the Rise of the West.” In the last decades, however, there has been a rejection of the academic paradigm that placed Europe as the key player in the formation of a globalized, capitalist world. Since, ever-earlier world-systems have been subsequently defined in Asia, with particular attention paid to China’s economy. The relevance of this task can hardly be overemphasized: a decentralized global history is being delineated. Thus, the mechanisms by which European colonialism managed, eventually, to bend existing “world-economies” and resources to raise a truly global thriving exploitative economy must be made clearer. Asia-Pacific deserves, as much as any other region, a place in global history as one of the key players not only before Europeans landed there but also after (practically until the nineteenth century). In doing such historical and archaeological work, Western colonialism becomes a comparatively tiny event.
This book aims to gather different disciplines and points of view to outline the development of colonialism in Asia-Pacific and its implications, and to shed light on relevant topics for a holistic understanding of the colonial processes.Less
The history of the Asia-Pacific region since the 1500s has traditionally been told as one of stagnation and decline imposed by the superiority of Europeans, who also allegedly established capitalism and political and economic domination since their arrival, thus opening the era of “the Rise of the West.” In the last decades, however, there has been a rejection of the academic paradigm that placed Europe as the key player in the formation of a globalized, capitalist world. Since, ever-earlier world-systems have been subsequently defined in Asia, with particular attention paid to China’s economy. The relevance of this task can hardly be overemphasized: a decentralized global history is being delineated. Thus, the mechanisms by which European colonialism managed, eventually, to bend existing “world-economies” and resources to raise a truly global thriving exploitative economy must be made clearer. Asia-Pacific deserves, as much as any other region, a place in global history as one of the key players not only before Europeans landed there but also after (practically until the nineteenth century). In doing such historical and archaeological work, Western colonialism becomes a comparatively tiny event.
This book aims to gather different disciplines and points of view to outline the development of colonialism in Asia-Pacific and its implications, and to shed light on relevant topics for a holistic understanding of the colonial processes.
Alan Mikhail
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226427171
- eISBN:
- 9780226427201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226427201.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
The introduction represents a mission statement for Middle East environmental history. Through a light discussion of some of the current literature on the topic, the chapter explains what both global ...
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The introduction represents a mission statement for Middle East environmental history. Through a light discussion of some of the current literature on the topic, the chapter explains what both global environmental historians and historians of the Middle East stand to gain from a consideration of Middle East environmental history. It emphasizes the role of the Middle East as a zone of global connections and analyzes the three areas of research in Middle East environmental history that have received the most attention from historians: climate, energy, and disease. It then introduces the main themes of the book, examines some of the limitations and possibilities of the available source base for Middle East environmental history, and points to some areas of future research not addressed in the book. It is meant to serve as an introduction to both the emerging field as a whole and the book’s chapters.Less
The introduction represents a mission statement for Middle East environmental history. Through a light discussion of some of the current literature on the topic, the chapter explains what both global environmental historians and historians of the Middle East stand to gain from a consideration of Middle East environmental history. It emphasizes the role of the Middle East as a zone of global connections and analyzes the three areas of research in Middle East environmental history that have received the most attention from historians: climate, energy, and disease. It then introduces the main themes of the book, examines some of the limitations and possibilities of the available source base for Middle East environmental history, and points to some areas of future research not addressed in the book. It is meant to serve as an introduction to both the emerging field as a whole and the book’s chapters.
Maria Cruz Berrocal and Cheng-hwa Tsang (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780813054766
- eISBN:
- 9780813053493
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813054766.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
The history of Asia-Pacific since 1500 has traditionally been told as one of stagnation and decline imposed on by the superiority of Europeans in the region, who, since their arrival, have allegedly ...
More
The history of Asia-Pacific since 1500 has traditionally been told as one of stagnation and decline imposed on by the superiority of Europeans in the region, who, since their arrival, have allegedly opened the era of “the Rise of the West” by establishing themselves and capitalism and achieving political and economic domination. In the last decades, as ever earlier world-systems have been defined in Asia (with particular attention paid to China’s economy), there has been a rejection of the academic paradigm that placed Europe as the key player in the formation of a globalized, capitalist world. The relevance of this task can hardly be overemphasized: a decentralized global history is being delineated, and the mechanisms by which European colonialism eventually managed to bend existing “world-economies” and resources in order to raise a truly global, thriving, and exploitative economy must be made clear. Asia-Pacific deserves, as much as any other region, a place in global history as a key player not only before Europeans landed there but also after (practically until the nineteenth century). With such an undertaking, European colonialism becomes a comparatively tiny event.
The book aims to gather different points of view from varying disciplines in order to outline the development of colonialism and its implications in Asia-Pacific and to shed light on relevant topics for a holistic understanding of the colonial processes.Less
The history of Asia-Pacific since 1500 has traditionally been told as one of stagnation and decline imposed on by the superiority of Europeans in the region, who, since their arrival, have allegedly opened the era of “the Rise of the West” by establishing themselves and capitalism and achieving political and economic domination. In the last decades, as ever earlier world-systems have been defined in Asia (with particular attention paid to China’s economy), there has been a rejection of the academic paradigm that placed Europe as the key player in the formation of a globalized, capitalist world. The relevance of this task can hardly be overemphasized: a decentralized global history is being delineated, and the mechanisms by which European colonialism eventually managed to bend existing “world-economies” and resources in order to raise a truly global, thriving, and exploitative economy must be made clear. Asia-Pacific deserves, as much as any other region, a place in global history as a key player not only before Europeans landed there but also after (practically until the nineteenth century). With such an undertaking, European colonialism becomes a comparatively tiny event.
The book aims to gather different points of view from varying disciplines in order to outline the development of colonialism and its implications in Asia-Pacific and to shed light on relevant topics for a holistic understanding of the colonial processes.
Saliha Belmessous (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794850
- eISBN:
- 9780199919291
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794850.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History, World Modern History
This book shows that from the moment European expansion commenced through to the 19th century, indigenous peoples from America, Africa, Australia and New Zealand drafted legal strategies to contest ...
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This book shows that from the moment European expansion commenced through to the 19th century, indigenous peoples from America, Africa, Australia and New Zealand drafted legal strategies to contest dispossession. Colonisation was countered not only by force but also by ideas. Indigenous peoples made claims to territory using legal arguments drawn from their own understanding of a law which applies between peoples: that is, a kind of law of nations which was comparable to that being developed by Europeans. Confronted by indigenous claims, Europeans were forced to make rival claims. The story of indigenous resistance to European colonisation is, of course, well known. But legal resistance has been wrongly understood to be a relatively recent phenomenon. In the face of indigenous legal arguments, European justifications of colonisation should be understood not as an original and originating legal discourse but, at least in part, as a form of counter-claim. Indigenous claims show that a dialogue was being held between colonisers and colonised which can only be restored by staging all the participants and showing how they dealt with and reacted to each other. By enlightening the history of indigenous legal opposition to dispossession from the beginning of colonisation, this book will provide the general community with a means of engaging with the political challenges and responses posed by legal conflicts with indigenous peoples over the question of land.Less
This book shows that from the moment European expansion commenced through to the 19th century, indigenous peoples from America, Africa, Australia and New Zealand drafted legal strategies to contest dispossession. Colonisation was countered not only by force but also by ideas. Indigenous peoples made claims to territory using legal arguments drawn from their own understanding of a law which applies between peoples: that is, a kind of law of nations which was comparable to that being developed by Europeans. Confronted by indigenous claims, Europeans were forced to make rival claims. The story of indigenous resistance to European colonisation is, of course, well known. But legal resistance has been wrongly understood to be a relatively recent phenomenon. In the face of indigenous legal arguments, European justifications of colonisation should be understood not as an original and originating legal discourse but, at least in part, as a form of counter-claim. Indigenous claims show that a dialogue was being held between colonisers and colonised which can only be restored by staging all the participants and showing how they dealt with and reacted to each other. By enlightening the history of indigenous legal opposition to dispossession from the beginning of colonisation, this book will provide the general community with a means of engaging with the political challenges and responses posed by legal conflicts with indigenous peoples over the question of land.
Jürgen Osterhammel
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199225996
- eISBN:
- 9780191863431
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
This chapter examines different approaches to global history. Modern world history differs from older universal-historical constructions in that it presupposes an empirical idea of geography and of ...
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This chapter examines different approaches to global history. Modern world history differs from older universal-historical constructions in that it presupposes an empirical idea of geography and of both the unity and plurality of humanity’s historical experience. After the Second World War, historians paid more attention to the interaction of the nation-state (the local) and the world (the global). The newer global history, while it does not negate the nation-state, strives to understand the reasons for the success of the West, without however reverting to a Eurocentric and essentializing perspective. Aware of the constructedness of history, it nonetheless pays attention to agency in the past, and to the plurality of perspectives and divergent historical paths. It does so by focusing on topics such as the history of migration, the environment, and economic globalization.Less
This chapter examines different approaches to global history. Modern world history differs from older universal-historical constructions in that it presupposes an empirical idea of geography and of both the unity and plurality of humanity’s historical experience. After the Second World War, historians paid more attention to the interaction of the nation-state (the local) and the world (the global). The newer global history, while it does not negate the nation-state, strives to understand the reasons for the success of the West, without however reverting to a Eurocentric and essentializing perspective. Aware of the constructedness of history, it nonetheless pays attention to agency in the past, and to the plurality of perspectives and divergent historical paths. It does so by focusing on topics such as the history of migration, the environment, and economic globalization.
