Glenn Yago and Susanne Trimbath
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195149234
- eISBN:
- 9780199871865
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195149238.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter investigates industrial restructuring in the slow‐growing food industry in the USA, asking why an industry with a growth factor of less than 1% flourishes in a world in which companies ...
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This chapter investigates industrial restructuring in the slow‐growing food industry in the USA, asking why an industry with a growth factor of less than 1% flourishes in a world in which companies strive for growth rates of 10% or more. It first looks at the industrial composition (sectoral distribution) of the Fortune 500 [the largest 500 companies in the US as listed by Fortune Magazine, on the basis of publicly available data], and at the industrial restructuring that occurred in the 1980s in the US economy, showing a breakdown of consumer products into cyclical and noncyclical groups. The food industry is in the noncyclical group, which increased its share of revenues while decreasing its share of companies in the Fortune 500. Other sections of the chapter look at the following: consolidation through mergers and acquisitions; financial innovations – the ability to use public markets for leveraged financing and a possibly more heavy reliance (of noncyclical companies) on high‐yield bond financing (for which evidence is presented); the financing of biotechnology for food production and the associated structural change in production; the impact of the combination of high‐yield financing and high tech in the food industry; and foreign and international influences.Less
This chapter investigates industrial restructuring in the slow‐growing food industry in the USA, asking why an industry with a growth factor of less than 1% flourishes in a world in which companies strive for growth rates of 10% or more. It first looks at the industrial composition (sectoral distribution) of the Fortune 500 [the largest 500 companies in the US as listed by Fortune Magazine, on the basis of publicly available data], and at the industrial restructuring that occurred in the 1980s in the US economy, showing a breakdown of consumer products into cyclical and noncyclical groups. The food industry is in the noncyclical group, which increased its share of revenues while decreasing its share of companies in the Fortune 500. Other sections of the chapter look at the following: consolidation through mergers and acquisitions; financial innovations – the ability to use public markets for leveraged financing and a possibly more heavy reliance (of noncyclical companies) on high‐yield bond financing (for which evidence is presented); the financing of biotechnology for food production and the associated structural change in production; the impact of the combination of high‐yield financing and high tech in the food industry; and foreign and international influences.
Marlene B. Schwartz and Kelly D. Brownell
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199571512
- eISBN:
- 9780191595097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571512.003.0025
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter focuses on three key issues: firstly, the necessity of a shared vision; secondly, whether or not to trust the food industry; and thirdly, what should be done next. In order to move ...
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This chapter focuses on three key issues: firstly, the necessity of a shared vision; secondly, whether or not to trust the food industry; and thirdly, what should be done next. In order to move forward, a shared vision is needed of the causes of obesity and a philosophy of prevention. The strategy of trying to increase personal responsibility has not worked. Instead, the focus must be shifted to changing the environment so that it facilitates healthy eating behaviours and physical activity. The next question to be asked is: can the food instustry be trusted? In watching the behaviour of the food industry in recent years, their strategies have become apparent. The chapter describes elements of the food industry ‘playbook’ and questions the influence of the industry on the government. Finally, it recommends a number of targeted actions. Among these are making policy changes to protect children from commercialism, and creating coalitions with groups concerned about the environment and sustainability. Finally, the chapter also describes a more productive role for the food industry, and ends with example innovations that have succeeded at the local level.Less
This chapter focuses on three key issues: firstly, the necessity of a shared vision; secondly, whether or not to trust the food industry; and thirdly, what should be done next. In order to move forward, a shared vision is needed of the causes of obesity and a philosophy of prevention. The strategy of trying to increase personal responsibility has not worked. Instead, the focus must be shifted to changing the environment so that it facilitates healthy eating behaviours and physical activity. The next question to be asked is: can the food instustry be trusted? In watching the behaviour of the food industry in recent years, their strategies have become apparent. The chapter describes elements of the food industry ‘playbook’ and questions the influence of the industry on the government. Finally, it recommends a number of targeted actions. Among these are making policy changes to protect children from commercialism, and creating coalitions with groups concerned about the environment and sustainability. Finally, the chapter also describes a more productive role for the food industry, and ends with example innovations that have succeeded at the local level.
Tara Acharya, Amy C. Fuller, George A. Mensah, and Derek Yach
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199574407
- eISBN:
- 9780191731204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574407.003.0104
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Part I of this chapter describes some of the activities that some food and beverage corporations routinely engage in as part of their ‘health and wellness’ strategies. Specific changes in food ...
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Part I of this chapter describes some of the activities that some food and beverage corporations routinely engage in as part of their ‘health and wellness’ strategies. Specific changes in food industry policies can favourably impact dietary practices and nutritional status, and therefore contribute to reductions in the risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic disease in both the medium and long term. These changes focus on product reformulation and the promotion of physical activity and healthy lifestyles. A case study of PepsiCo's 2010 goals and commitments is presented. Part II evaluates the food industry's tactics and potentially adverse effects on public health. Lessons from the tobacco and other industries are applied to the food industry, using material drawn from PepsiCo's proposals. The analysis suggests that food companies may be replicating several of the tactics used by tobacco companies to promote a positive image and influence research as part of an effort to reduce the prospects for public regulation and taxation.Less
Part I of this chapter describes some of the activities that some food and beverage corporations routinely engage in as part of their ‘health and wellness’ strategies. Specific changes in food industry policies can favourably impact dietary practices and nutritional status, and therefore contribute to reductions in the risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic disease in both the medium and long term. These changes focus on product reformulation and the promotion of physical activity and healthy lifestyles. A case study of PepsiCo's 2010 goals and commitments is presented. Part II evaluates the food industry's tactics and potentially adverse effects on public health. Lessons from the tobacco and other industries are applied to the food industry, using material drawn from PepsiCo's proposals. The analysis suggests that food companies may be replicating several of the tactics used by tobacco companies to promote a positive image and influence research as part of an effort to reduce the prospects for public regulation and taxation.
Zoe Feldman, Dondeena G. Bradley, and Danielle Greenberg
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199571512
- eISBN:
- 9780191595097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571512.003.0024
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
It is well known that obesity affects populations in both developed and developing countries, with significant consequences for public health. What is less understood is the role of the food and ...
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It is well known that obesity affects populations in both developed and developing countries, with significant consequences for public health. What is less understood is the role of the food and beverage industry in reducing the prevalence of obesity and its long-term consequences on individuals and, potentially, society. This chapter addresses the industry's role in obesity prevention by citing examples of industry-led initiatives offering early indicators that the industry can contribute to the effort of global obesity prevention.Less
It is well known that obesity affects populations in both developed and developing countries, with significant consequences for public health. What is less understood is the role of the food and beverage industry in reducing the prevalence of obesity and its long-term consequences on individuals and, potentially, society. This chapter addresses the industry's role in obesity prevention by citing examples of industry-led initiatives offering early indicators that the industry can contribute to the effort of global obesity prevention.
Mike Feintuck
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199269020
- eISBN:
- 9780191699320
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269020.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter considers, on a practical level, the extent to which substantive public interest values are present and identified in current regulatory activity, and how regulatory procedures serve, or ...
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This chapter considers, on a practical level, the extent to which substantive public interest values are present and identified in current regulatory activity, and how regulatory procedures serve, or fail to serve, these values. It discusses the constitutional and legal background and ‘social regulation’ of the utility industries in the United Kingdom. The perceived constitutional impropriety of the British judiciary reviewing the substance of primary legislation seems to have led to a broader position, whereby the judiciary will seek at almost any cost to confine its decisions to the procedure of administrative decision-making rather than risking giving the slightest appearance of reviewing the substance of decisions. This chapter discusses the constitutional law and administrative law in the UK, as well as regulation in pursuit of social objectives associated with the public interest, the role of citizenship in the liberal-democratic social enterprise, food industries and food safety, the Food Standards Agency, the European Food Safety Authority, the precautionary principle, regulation of mass media in the public interest, Public Service Broadcasting, and commercial freedom and democratic values.Less
This chapter considers, on a practical level, the extent to which substantive public interest values are present and identified in current regulatory activity, and how regulatory procedures serve, or fail to serve, these values. It discusses the constitutional and legal background and ‘social regulation’ of the utility industries in the United Kingdom. The perceived constitutional impropriety of the British judiciary reviewing the substance of primary legislation seems to have led to a broader position, whereby the judiciary will seek at almost any cost to confine its decisions to the procedure of administrative decision-making rather than risking giving the slightest appearance of reviewing the substance of decisions. This chapter discusses the constitutional law and administrative law in the UK, as well as regulation in pursuit of social objectives associated with the public interest, the role of citizenship in the liberal-democratic social enterprise, food industries and food safety, the Food Standards Agency, the European Food Safety Authority, the precautionary principle, regulation of mass media in the public interest, Public Service Broadcasting, and commercial freedom and democratic values.
Simone Cinotto
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037733
- eISBN:
- 9780252095016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037733.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter examines the layered worlds of the Italian food business and consumer marketplace in East Harlem. In order to understand the central role of food in the making of Italian American ...
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This chapter examines the layered worlds of the Italian food business and consumer marketplace in East Harlem. In order to understand the central role of food in the making of Italian American identity, it is necessary to look at how Italian American food entrepreneurs in New York sought to link food with ethnic identity. This chapter first discusses the history of American-made Italian food and food consumption among Italian migrants between 1890 and 1920, along with the development of the U.S. food industry at the turn of the twentieth century. It then looks at the emergence of a new generation of consumers and food businesses during the period 1920–1940. It also considers the marketing strategies of Italian food producers and the response of Italian American consumers in the interwar years in relation to ethnicity and modernity. It shows that the centrality of food created an entrepreneurial ethnic middle class based in the food trade, which nurtured—and in turn supported by—the symbolic connection between the consumption of Italian food and the construction of diasporic Italian identities.Less
This chapter examines the layered worlds of the Italian food business and consumer marketplace in East Harlem. In order to understand the central role of food in the making of Italian American identity, it is necessary to look at how Italian American food entrepreneurs in New York sought to link food with ethnic identity. This chapter first discusses the history of American-made Italian food and food consumption among Italian migrants between 1890 and 1920, along with the development of the U.S. food industry at the turn of the twentieth century. It then looks at the emergence of a new generation of consumers and food businesses during the period 1920–1940. It also considers the marketing strategies of Italian food producers and the response of Italian American consumers in the interwar years in relation to ethnicity and modernity. It shows that the centrality of food created an entrepreneurial ethnic middle class based in the food trade, which nurtured—and in turn supported by—the symbolic connection between the consumption of Italian food and the construction of diasporic Italian identities.
Roselyn Hsueh
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449956
- eISBN:
- 9780801462856
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449956.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
This chapter applies the strategic value framework to case studies of nonstrategic industries (consumer electronics, foodstuffs, and paper) to show that decentralized engagement is the dominant ...
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This chapter applies the strategic value framework to case studies of nonstrategic industries (consumer electronics, foodstuffs, and paper) to show that decentralized engagement is the dominant regulatory pattern in low-tech, labor-intensive industries. Consumer electronics ranks the highest in strategic value among the nonstrategic sectors surveyed. Despite its low strategic value for national security applications and medium rank in contribution to the national technology base, the most high-tech subsectors, including microelectronics, produce inputs and have applications for strategic industries, including telecommunications and transportation. The state adopted a more deliberate orientation toward the development of indigenous technologies and domestic industry in these subsectors. The state has extensively liberalized market entry and business scope in foodstuffs. It has also taken an incidental orientation toward paper since paper production has miniscule applications for national security and makes a small contribution to China's national technology base.Less
This chapter applies the strategic value framework to case studies of nonstrategic industries (consumer electronics, foodstuffs, and paper) to show that decentralized engagement is the dominant regulatory pattern in low-tech, labor-intensive industries. Consumer electronics ranks the highest in strategic value among the nonstrategic sectors surveyed. Despite its low strategic value for national security applications and medium rank in contribution to the national technology base, the most high-tech subsectors, including microelectronics, produce inputs and have applications for strategic industries, including telecommunications and transportation. The state adopted a more deliberate orientation toward the development of indigenous technologies and domestic industry in these subsectors. The state has extensively liberalized market entry and business scope in foodstuffs. It has also taken an incidental orientation toward paper since paper production has miniscule applications for national security and makes a small contribution to China's national technology base.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231160094
- eISBN:
- 9780231534253
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231160094.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter examines the lack of healthy foods among people of color in low-income urban communities and its relation to the problem of obesity. It is not possible to view obesity from a ...
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This chapter examines the lack of healthy foods among people of color in low-income urban communities and its relation to the problem of obesity. It is not possible to view obesity from a socioecological perspective without an in-depth discussion of the instrumental role that the food industry has played, and continues to play, in this crisis. The chapter first considers the food industry as a source of food and employment before exploring how fast-food restaurants and convenience stores contribute to the problem of overweight and obesity. It also looks at the impact of “big box” stores such as Wal-Mart, the role of schools and government, and issues of food security and food justice.Less
This chapter examines the lack of healthy foods among people of color in low-income urban communities and its relation to the problem of obesity. It is not possible to view obesity from a socioecological perspective without an in-depth discussion of the instrumental role that the food industry has played, and continues to play, in this crisis. The chapter first considers the food industry as a source of food and employment before exploring how fast-food restaurants and convenience stores contribute to the problem of overweight and obesity. It also looks at the impact of “big box” stores such as Wal-Mart, the role of schools and government, and issues of food security and food justice.
Linda Argote and Eric Darr
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199248544
- eISBN:
- 9780191596155
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199248540.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
Where is knowledge embedded in organizations? The chapter describes results on the persistence and transfer of knowledge in fast food franchises, and presents the results on the productivity of the ...
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Where is knowledge embedded in organizations? The chapter describes results on the persistence and transfer of knowledge in fast food franchises, and presents the results on the productivity of the franchises and on the timeliness of their service. It is shown that the qualitative evidence about where knowledge was embedded in the franchises suggests that knowledge gained from experience at the franchises was embedded in individual workers and in the organizations’ routines, structures, and technologies. It is argued that the fast food franchises were able to realize significant productivity gains in the face of extraordinarily high turnover because a significant component of the knowledge was embedded in the organization's structure and technology rather than in individual employees. Further, embedding knowledge in structure and technology appeared to facilitate the transfer of knowledge across organizations.Less
Where is knowledge embedded in organizations? The chapter describes results on the persistence and transfer of knowledge in fast food franchises, and presents the results on the productivity of the franchises and on the timeliness of their service. It is shown that the qualitative evidence about where knowledge was embedded in the franchises suggests that knowledge gained from experience at the franchises was embedded in individual workers and in the organizations’ routines, structures, and technologies. It is argued that the fast food franchises were able to realize significant productivity gains in the face of extraordinarily high turnover because a significant component of the knowledge was embedded in the organization's structure and technology rather than in individual employees. Further, embedding knowledge in structure and technology appeared to facilitate the transfer of knowledge across organizations.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231160094
- eISBN:
- 9780231534253
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231160094.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
A number of economic, cultural, and contextual factors are driving urban America's obesity crisis, which can create chronic health conditions for those least able to manage them. Considering urban ...
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A number of economic, cultural, and contextual factors are driving urban America's obesity crisis, which can create chronic health conditions for those least able to manage them. Considering urban obesity through a social justice lens, this book aims to help with the development of targeted interventions for effective outcomes. It dissects the problem of urban obesity among people of color from individual, family, group, community, and policy perspectives. Beginning with a historical survey of urban obesity in communities of color, anti-obesity policies and programs, and the role of social work in addressing this threat, the book follows with an analysis of the social, ecological, environmental, and spatial aggravators of urban obesity, such as the food industry's advertising strategies, which promote unhealthy choices; the failure of local markets to provide good food options; the lack of safe spaces for physical exercise; and the paucity of health education. It reviews recent national obesity statistics, explores the connection between food stamps and obesity, and reveals the financial and social consequences of the epidemic for society as a whole. It concludes with recommendations for effective health promotion programs, such as youth-focused interventions, community gardens, and community-based food initiatives, and a unique consideration of urban obesity in relation to acts of genocide and national defense.Less
A number of economic, cultural, and contextual factors are driving urban America's obesity crisis, which can create chronic health conditions for those least able to manage them. Considering urban obesity through a social justice lens, this book aims to help with the development of targeted interventions for effective outcomes. It dissects the problem of urban obesity among people of color from individual, family, group, community, and policy perspectives. Beginning with a historical survey of urban obesity in communities of color, anti-obesity policies and programs, and the role of social work in addressing this threat, the book follows with an analysis of the social, ecological, environmental, and spatial aggravators of urban obesity, such as the food industry's advertising strategies, which promote unhealthy choices; the failure of local markets to provide good food options; the lack of safe spaces for physical exercise; and the paucity of health education. It reviews recent national obesity statistics, explores the connection between food stamps and obesity, and reveals the financial and social consequences of the epidemic for society as a whole. It concludes with recommendations for effective health promotion programs, such as youth-focused interventions, community gardens, and community-based food initiatives, and a unique consideration of urban obesity in relation to acts of genocide and national defense.
Hannah Lambie-Mumford
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447328285
- eISBN:
- 9781447328308
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447328285.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Organizations
Chapter 5 addresses how sustainable emergency food initiatives are, in relation to the sustainability of both the availability of food to emergency food providers and the accessibility of that food ...
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Chapter 5 addresses how sustainable emergency food initiatives are, in relation to the sustainability of both the availability of food to emergency food providers and the accessibility of that food to potential recipients. This chapter first of all explores the agency of emergency food providers to make food available and finds that they are constrained in significant ways by the structure of the food industry. The agency of potential emergency food recipients is also highly constrained, both in terms of accessing the projects and once within them. The sustainability of emergency food provision in terms of the availability of food through these systems and access to that food by people in need therefore appears to be particularly vulnerable. Emergency food providers and their recipients are constrained by the structures in which they operate (the food system and emergency food systems) and their ability to access the amount of food they require is ultimately determined by these structures.Less
Chapter 5 addresses how sustainable emergency food initiatives are, in relation to the sustainability of both the availability of food to emergency food providers and the accessibility of that food to potential recipients. This chapter first of all explores the agency of emergency food providers to make food available and finds that they are constrained in significant ways by the structure of the food industry. The agency of potential emergency food recipients is also highly constrained, both in terms of accessing the projects and once within them. The sustainability of emergency food provision in terms of the availability of food through these systems and access to that food by people in need therefore appears to be particularly vulnerable. Emergency food providers and their recipients are constrained by the structures in which they operate (the food system and emergency food systems) and their ability to access the amount of food they require is ultimately determined by these structures.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231160094
- eISBN:
- 9780231534253
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231160094.003.0007
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter examines how the food industry's advertising and marketing campaigns contribute to the problem of obesity. The power of advertising and marketing in creating consumer demand for products ...
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This chapter examines how the food industry's advertising and marketing campaigns contribute to the problem of obesity. The power of advertising and marketing in creating consumer demand for products cannot be overestimated, and low-income people of color in urban communities have been particularly targeted in this regard. One of the greatest challenges is figuring out how food companies seek to subvert efforts at controlling unhealthy food practices. The tobacco industry, for example, has employed a variety of methods for marketing its products to marginalized communities. This chapter considers the tactics used by the food industry to market unhealthy foods to consumers, such as exploiting the power and influence of social media to target children.Less
This chapter examines how the food industry's advertising and marketing campaigns contribute to the problem of obesity. The power of advertising and marketing in creating consumer demand for products cannot be overestimated, and low-income people of color in urban communities have been particularly targeted in this regard. One of the greatest challenges is figuring out how food companies seek to subvert efforts at controlling unhealthy food practices. The tobacco industry, for example, has employed a variety of methods for marketing its products to marginalized communities. This chapter considers the tactics used by the food industry to market unhealthy foods to consumers, such as exploiting the power and influence of social media to target children.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231160094
- eISBN:
- 9780231534253
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231160094.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This book explores the problem of urban obesity among people of color from individual, family, group, community, and policy perspectives. It charts the history of urban obesity in communities of ...
More
This book explores the problem of urban obesity among people of color from individual, family, group, community, and policy perspectives. It charts the history of urban obesity in communities of color and describes various anti-obesity policies and programs, along with the role of social work in addressing this epidemic. The book, premised on a social justice paradigm, examines the social, ecological, environmental, and spatial factors that contribute to urban obesity, such as the food industry's advertising strategies, which promote unhealthy choices; the failure of local markets to provide good food options; the lack of safe spaces for physical exercise; and the paucity of health education. It also considers the connection between food stamps and obesity, as well as the financial and social consequences of this complicated health issue for society as a whole. The book concludes by offering recommendations for effective health promotion programs with the support of the social work profession.Less
This book explores the problem of urban obesity among people of color from individual, family, group, community, and policy perspectives. It charts the history of urban obesity in communities of color and describes various anti-obesity policies and programs, along with the role of social work in addressing this epidemic. The book, premised on a social justice paradigm, examines the social, ecological, environmental, and spatial factors that contribute to urban obesity, such as the food industry's advertising strategies, which promote unhealthy choices; the failure of local markets to provide good food options; the lack of safe spaces for physical exercise; and the paucity of health education. It also considers the connection between food stamps and obesity, as well as the financial and social consequences of this complicated health issue for society as a whole. The book concludes by offering recommendations for effective health promotion programs with the support of the social work profession.
Myron Allukian and Alice M. Horowitz
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195171853
- eISBN:
- 9780199865352
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171853.003.0020
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes the impact of social injustice on oral health. It defines oral health and describes the oral disease epidemic. A box in the chapter describes social inequalities in oral health ...
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This chapter describes the impact of social injustice on oral health. It defines oral health and describes the oral disease epidemic. A box in the chapter describes social inequalities in oral health internationally. The chapter discusses national priorities, local and state priorities, school programs, dental public health infrastructure, the dental workforce, and practices of the food and tobacco industries. It describes what needs to be done to improve oral health and reduce the impact of social injustice on oral health.Less
This chapter describes the impact of social injustice on oral health. It defines oral health and describes the oral disease epidemic. A box in the chapter describes social inequalities in oral health internationally. The chapter discusses national priorities, local and state priorities, school programs, dental public health infrastructure, the dental workforce, and practices of the food and tobacco industries. It describes what needs to be done to improve oral health and reduce the impact of social injustice on oral health.
David Miller, Claire Harkins, Matthias Schlögl, and Brendan Montague
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198753261
- eISBN:
- 9780191814884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753261.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter uses social network analysis to explore the web of influence of the four ‘addictive’ industries examined in the book: alcohol, tobacco, food, and gambling. The data are used to paint an ...
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This chapter uses social network analysis to explore the web of influence of the four ‘addictive’ industries examined in the book: alcohol, tobacco, food, and gambling. The data are used to paint an overall picture before taking a closer look in subsequent chapters. The four industries form more or less separated clusters, and whereas the alcohol and food industries are very well interconnected, the gambling and tobacco industries are only loosely tied to the others. The network also shows that advertising and marketing sectors and think tanks often act as connecting hubs between the industries. The closer look at the clusters of the four industries shows some important differences. The food cluster is more heterogeneous than the others are; the alcohol cluster contains product-related subclusters; and gambling, as well as tobacco, is smaller and less dense compared with the other two.Less
This chapter uses social network analysis to explore the web of influence of the four ‘addictive’ industries examined in the book: alcohol, tobacco, food, and gambling. The data are used to paint an overall picture before taking a closer look in subsequent chapters. The four industries form more or less separated clusters, and whereas the alcohol and food industries are very well interconnected, the gambling and tobacco industries are only loosely tied to the others. The network also shows that advertising and marketing sectors and think tanks often act as connecting hubs between the industries. The closer look at the clusters of the four industries shows some important differences. The food cluster is more heterogeneous than the others are; the alcohol cluster contains product-related subclusters; and gambling, as well as tobacco, is smaller and less dense compared with the other two.
Mike Feintuck
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199269020
- eISBN:
- 9780191699320
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269020.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
The federal and fiercely republican context in which regulation of private activity takes place in the United States has led to a very different administrative tradition from that of the United ...
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The federal and fiercely republican context in which regulation of private activity takes place in the United States has led to a very different administrative tradition from that of the United Kingdom. This chapter examines how concepts of public interest have developed in, and have informed, the American regulatory system. The focus is on the key regulators of broadcasting and of the food supply industry: the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA operates within the web of constitutional and administrative law which establishes the limits on the duties and powers of government agencies. Disputes arising out of the activities of regulators such as the FDA or FCC essentially raise questions regarding the legality of agency action, yet underlying these ‘technical’ issues are much larger questions relating to the legitimacy of such actions within the polity.Less
The federal and fiercely republican context in which regulation of private activity takes place in the United States has led to a very different administrative tradition from that of the United Kingdom. This chapter examines how concepts of public interest have developed in, and have informed, the American regulatory system. The focus is on the key regulators of broadcasting and of the food supply industry: the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA operates within the web of constitutional and administrative law which establishes the limits on the duties and powers of government agencies. Disputes arising out of the activities of regulators such as the FDA or FCC essentially raise questions regarding the legality of agency action, yet underlying these ‘technical’ issues are much larger questions relating to the legitimacy of such actions within the polity.
César Vega and David J. Mcclements
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231153454
- eISBN:
- 9780231526920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231153454.003.0033
- Subject:
- Sociology, Science, Technology and Environment
Food plays a central role in all our lives. An increased awareness of what we eat, where it comes from, and how it is transformed is critical in fostering a healthy and culturally rich society. This ...
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Food plays a central role in all our lives. An increased awareness of what we eat, where it comes from, and how it is transformed is critical in fostering a healthy and culturally rich society. This chapter urges consumers to enrich their culinary perspective by learning more about the science of food and cooking. It argues that good science as an essential part of the solution to the problems associated with the modern food system, like improving the ways nutrition-related claims are reviewed, boosting food quality, addressing the sustainability issue, and reducing the heavy reliance on fossil fuels and water in food manufacturing. Improvements to the food system require that consumers demand higher-quality foods (and a willingness to invest in their health, through food), governments establish appropriate guidelines and regulations, and society fosters a culture of food (through radical changes in school-lunch programs, for example)—and that the food industry responds to meet these demands by using science wisely.Less
Food plays a central role in all our lives. An increased awareness of what we eat, where it comes from, and how it is transformed is critical in fostering a healthy and culturally rich society. This chapter urges consumers to enrich their culinary perspective by learning more about the science of food and cooking. It argues that good science as an essential part of the solution to the problems associated with the modern food system, like improving the ways nutrition-related claims are reviewed, boosting food quality, addressing the sustainability issue, and reducing the heavy reliance on fossil fuels and water in food manufacturing. Improvements to the food system require that consumers demand higher-quality foods (and a willingness to invest in their health, through food), governments establish appropriate guidelines and regulations, and society fosters a culture of food (through radical changes in school-lunch programs, for example)—and that the food industry responds to meet these demands by using science wisely.
Neethi P.
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- June 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199463626
- eISBN:
- 9780199086863
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199463626.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter studies the issues of gender and space in home-based production. The experiences of a group of women workers involved in home-based work for a food processing unit in Kerala, where ...
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This chapter studies the issues of gender and space in home-based production. The experiences of a group of women workers involved in home-based work for a food processing unit in Kerala, where membership to Kudumbashree, the state-centric civil society organization, is necessary for participation, provides the settings. The theoretical aspects of space and gender, in the context of how they are mutually formed and how gendered spaces are produced in the workers’ everyday lives are analysed. A geographical explanation of the formation of such gendered spaces under home-based production is presented, following which everyday labour relations and the framing of workers’ response strategies, which brought capital and labour to the negotiating table, are illustrated.Less
This chapter studies the issues of gender and space in home-based production. The experiences of a group of women workers involved in home-based work for a food processing unit in Kerala, where membership to Kudumbashree, the state-centric civil society organization, is necessary for participation, provides the settings. The theoretical aspects of space and gender, in the context of how they are mutually formed and how gendered spaces are produced in the workers’ everyday lives are analysed. A geographical explanation of the formation of such gendered spaces under home-based production is presented, following which everyday labour relations and the framing of workers’ response strategies, which brought capital and labour to the negotiating table, are illustrated.
Clair Brown
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226076324
- eISBN:
- 9780226076348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226076348.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This chapter provides an overview of the amount of economic turbulence in the economy. A set of newly available facts about turbulence is also presented. The deregulation of the trucking industry ...
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This chapter provides an overview of the amount of economic turbulence in the economy. A set of newly available facts about turbulence is also presented. The deregulation of the trucking industry provides a good example of how mergers and acquisitions can change the economic landscape. The impact of mergers and acquisitions is clear in the financial services industry. The retail food industry provides a classic example of the impact of competitive forces on both births and deaths within an industry. Firm deaths are not only an important contributor to job losses, but the rates of firm births and deaths are very different across industries, firm sizes, and parts of the business cycle. It is shown that factors such as deregulation, industry restructuring, and globalization are significant driving forces in contributing to firm entry and exit.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the amount of economic turbulence in the economy. A set of newly available facts about turbulence is also presented. The deregulation of the trucking industry provides a good example of how mergers and acquisitions can change the economic landscape. The impact of mergers and acquisitions is clear in the financial services industry. The retail food industry provides a classic example of the impact of competitive forces on both births and deaths within an industry. Firm deaths are not only an important contributor to job losses, but the rates of firm births and deaths are very different across industries, firm sizes, and parts of the business cycle. It is shown that factors such as deregulation, industry restructuring, and globalization are significant driving forces in contributing to firm entry and exit.
David Miller, Claire Harkins, Matthias Schlögl, and Brendan Montague
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198753261
- eISBN:
- 9780191814884
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753261.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This book examines the ‘web of influence’ formed by industries which manufacture and sell ‘addictive’ products in the EU. The differences between alcohol, food, gambling, and tobacco as consumer ...
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This book examines the ‘web of influence’ formed by industries which manufacture and sell ‘addictive’ products in the EU. The differences between alcohol, food, gambling, and tobacco as consumer products are obvious. However, we explore whether food, alcohol, and gambling industries are merely replicating tobacco tactics or innovating in corporate strategy. Using a new data set on corporate networks formed by the tobacco, alcohol, food, and gambling industries at the EU level, the book shows the interlocking connections between corporations, trade associations, and policy intermediaries, including lobbyists and think tanks. Quantitative data guide qualitative studies on the content of corporate strategy and the attempts of corporations to ‘capture’ policy and three crucial ancillary domains—science, civil society, and the news and promotional media. The effects of these three arenas on policy networks and outcomes are examined with a focus on new forms of policy partnership such as corporate social responsibility and partnership governance. Drawing on our structural data, we show the comprehensive engagement of industry with science-policy issues in the EU, the ways that corporations can dominate agendas and decision making, as well as the potential for popular pressures and public health agendas to be effective. The book concludes by asking what solutions might be possible to the evident public health challenges posed by the addictions web of influence. It proposes key evidence-based transparency and public health reforms that have the best chance of minimizing the burden of disease from addictions in the medium to long term.Less
This book examines the ‘web of influence’ formed by industries which manufacture and sell ‘addictive’ products in the EU. The differences between alcohol, food, gambling, and tobacco as consumer products are obvious. However, we explore whether food, alcohol, and gambling industries are merely replicating tobacco tactics or innovating in corporate strategy. Using a new data set on corporate networks formed by the tobacco, alcohol, food, and gambling industries at the EU level, the book shows the interlocking connections between corporations, trade associations, and policy intermediaries, including lobbyists and think tanks. Quantitative data guide qualitative studies on the content of corporate strategy and the attempts of corporations to ‘capture’ policy and three crucial ancillary domains—science, civil society, and the news and promotional media. The effects of these three arenas on policy networks and outcomes are examined with a focus on new forms of policy partnership such as corporate social responsibility and partnership governance. Drawing on our structural data, we show the comprehensive engagement of industry with science-policy issues in the EU, the ways that corporations can dominate agendas and decision making, as well as the potential for popular pressures and public health agendas to be effective. The book concludes by asking what solutions might be possible to the evident public health challenges posed by the addictions web of influence. It proposes key evidence-based transparency and public health reforms that have the best chance of minimizing the burden of disease from addictions in the medium to long term.
