Cindy Hahamovitch
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691102689
- eISBN:
- 9781400840021
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691102689.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter considers the developments of the 1980s for the Jamaican guestworkers. The decade brought guestworkers immigration reform legislation known as the Immigration Reform and Control Act ...
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This chapter considers the developments of the 1980s for the Jamaican guestworkers. The decade brought guestworkers immigration reform legislation known as the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), which promised permanent legal status for all “alien farmworkers.” It also brought a huge $51 million courtroom victory and unprecedented attention in newsprint, books, and on film. Yet the 1980s ended up being a decade of devastating disappointment. Cane cutters—and only cane cutters—were excluded from the congressional “amnesty” for immigrants; court appeals denied them the back wages awards they had won; and machines replaced them in the cane fields. For Jamaican guestworkers, the 1980s left the sort of bitter aftertaste that lasts a lifetime.Less
This chapter considers the developments of the 1980s for the Jamaican guestworkers. The decade brought guestworkers immigration reform legislation known as the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), which promised permanent legal status for all “alien farmworkers.” It also brought a huge $51 million courtroom victory and unprecedented attention in newsprint, books, and on film. Yet the 1980s ended up being a decade of devastating disappointment. Cane cutters—and only cane cutters—were excluded from the congressional “amnesty” for immigrants; court appeals denied them the back wages awards they had won; and machines replaced them in the cane fields. For Jamaican guestworkers, the 1980s left the sort of bitter aftertaste that lasts a lifetime.
Lori A. Flores
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300196962
- eISBN:
- 9780300216387
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300196962.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This chapter examines the farmworker movement in the Salinas Valley after the termination of the Bracero Program. It first considers the rise of Cesar Chavez and his United Farm Workers Organizing ...
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This chapter examines the farmworker movement in the Salinas Valley after the termination of the Bracero Program. It first considers the rise of Cesar Chavez and his United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC) and the lawsuits filed by Salinas farmworkers with the help of the California Rural Legal Assistance. It then explores how the continued importation of braceros in what was supposed to be a post-bracero era affected Salinas's farmworkers, the majority of whom were Mexican Americans. It also discusses the legal actions and victories of Salinas farmworkers against growers who sought to continue importing braceros and prevent their employees from joining the UFWOC. These legal actions and victories, the chapter argues, were evidence of the farmworker movement's revival in the Salinas Valley.Less
This chapter examines the farmworker movement in the Salinas Valley after the termination of the Bracero Program. It first considers the rise of Cesar Chavez and his United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC) and the lawsuits filed by Salinas farmworkers with the help of the California Rural Legal Assistance. It then explores how the continued importation of braceros in what was supposed to be a post-bracero era affected Salinas's farmworkers, the majority of whom were Mexican Americans. It also discusses the legal actions and victories of Salinas farmworkers against growers who sought to continue importing braceros and prevent their employees from joining the UFWOC. These legal actions and victories, the chapter argues, were evidence of the farmworker movement's revival in the Salinas Valley.
Lori A. Flores
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300196962
- eISBN:
- 9780300216387
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300196962.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This chapter examines the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee's (UFWOC) 1970 strike in the Salinas Valley and the various groups of UFWOC allies and detractors involved. It first considers the ...
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This chapter examines the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee's (UFWOC) 1970 strike in the Salinas Valley and the various groups of UFWOC allies and detractors involved. It first considers the circumstances that led to the strike before discussing the strike in more detail. In particular, it analyzes the battle between Cesar Chavez's supporters, including farmworkers, and opponents as hundreds of incidents of violence erupted between the UFWOC and Teamsters Union during the strike's initial weeks. It also explores the various tactics employed by growers in response to the strike, the racial violence that erupted, the involvement of women such as Ethel Kennedy and Coretta Scott King, and the unprecedented cooperation seen between Mexican Americans and Mexicans.Less
This chapter examines the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee's (UFWOC) 1970 strike in the Salinas Valley and the various groups of UFWOC allies and detractors involved. It first considers the circumstances that led to the strike before discussing the strike in more detail. In particular, it analyzes the battle between Cesar Chavez's supporters, including farmworkers, and opponents as hundreds of incidents of violence erupted between the UFWOC and Teamsters Union during the strike's initial weeks. It also explores the various tactics employed by growers in response to the strike, the racial violence that erupted, the involvement of women such as Ethel Kennedy and Coretta Scott King, and the unprecedented cooperation seen between Mexican Americans and Mexicans.
Thomas M. Painter, Kurt C. Organista, Scott D. Rhodes, and Fernando M. Sañudo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199764303
- eISBN:
- 9780199950232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199764303.003.0018
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
This chapter reviews sociodemographic characteristics of Latino migrants in the United States, features of their mobile livelihoods related to vulnerability to infection by HIV and other sexually ...
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This chapter reviews sociodemographic characteristics of Latino migrants in the United States, features of their mobile livelihoods related to vulnerability to infection by HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and their access to prevention and treatment services. Findings from studies of HIV/STD risk factors and infection among Latino migrants are summarized, emphasizing the need for appropriate prevention interventions. Two approaches for developing HIV/STD prevention interventions for Latino migrants are described: adapting evidence-based interventions, designed for nonmigrants, and developing interventions specifically for Latino migrants. The latter are illustrated by describing three interventions that the chapter co-authors helped to develop, deliver, and evaluate. Fernando Sañudo describes Tres Hombres Sin Fronteras for male Latino farmworkers in San Diego County, California; Kurt Organista describes a pilot intervention for male migrant Latino day laborers in Berkeley, California; and Scott Rhodes describes HoMBReS, an intervention for recent immigrant Latino males in central rural North Carolina.Less
This chapter reviews sociodemographic characteristics of Latino migrants in the United States, features of their mobile livelihoods related to vulnerability to infection by HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and their access to prevention and treatment services. Findings from studies of HIV/STD risk factors and infection among Latino migrants are summarized, emphasizing the need for appropriate prevention interventions. Two approaches for developing HIV/STD prevention interventions for Latino migrants are described: adapting evidence-based interventions, designed for nonmigrants, and developing interventions specifically for Latino migrants. The latter are illustrated by describing three interventions that the chapter co-authors helped to develop, deliver, and evaluate. Fernando Sañudo describes Tres Hombres Sin Fronteras for male Latino farmworkers in San Diego County, California; Kurt Organista describes a pilot intervention for male migrant Latino day laborers in Berkeley, California; and Scott Rhodes describes HoMBReS, an intervention for recent immigrant Latino males in central rural North Carolina.
Sarah Bronwen Horton
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520283268
- eISBN:
- 9780520962545
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520283268.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
They Leave Their Kidneys in the Fields takes the reader on an ethnographic tour of the melon and corn harvesting fields in California’s Central Valley to understand why farmworkers die at work each ...
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They Leave Their Kidneys in the Fields takes the reader on an ethnographic tour of the melon and corn harvesting fields in California’s Central Valley to understand why farmworkers die at work each summer. Laden with captivating detail of farmworkers’ daily work and home lives, this book examines uses ethnography to show how U.S. immigration and labor policies have made migrant farmworkers “exceptional workers.” It explores the deeply intertwined political, legal, and social factors that place Latino migrants at particular risk of illness and injury in the fields, and that saddle them with a higher burden of chronic disease at home. It examines the patchwork of health care, disability, and Social Security policies that provide them little succor when they become sick or grow old. The book takes an in-depth look at the work risks faced by migrants at all stages of the life-course: as teens, in their middle-age, and ultimately as elderly workers. By following the lives of a core group of farmworkers over nearly a decade, this book provides a searing portrait of how their precarious immigration and work statuses get under their skin, culminating in preventable morbidity and premature death.Less
They Leave Their Kidneys in the Fields takes the reader on an ethnographic tour of the melon and corn harvesting fields in California’s Central Valley to understand why farmworkers die at work each summer. Laden with captivating detail of farmworkers’ daily work and home lives, this book examines uses ethnography to show how U.S. immigration and labor policies have made migrant farmworkers “exceptional workers.” It explores the deeply intertwined political, legal, and social factors that place Latino migrants at particular risk of illness and injury in the fields, and that saddle them with a higher burden of chronic disease at home. It examines the patchwork of health care, disability, and Social Security policies that provide them little succor when they become sick or grow old. The book takes an in-depth look at the work risks faced by migrants at all stages of the life-course: as teens, in their middle-age, and ultimately as elderly workers. By following the lives of a core group of farmworkers over nearly a decade, this book provides a searing portrait of how their precarious immigration and work statuses get under their skin, culminating in preventable morbidity and premature death.
Philip Martin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300139174
- eISBN:
- 9780300156003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300139174.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Federal migrant assistance programs were first launched in the 1960s to serve migrant farmworkers and their children. This chapter discusses the evolution of migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFW) ...
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Federal migrant assistance programs were first launched in the 1960s to serve migrant farmworkers and their children. This chapter discusses the evolution of migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFW) programs in the United States and major justifications for these programs. The four major MSFW programs discussed are the following: Migrant Education Program (MEP), High School Equivalency Program (HEP), College Assistance Migrant Program (CAMP) and Migrant Education Even Start Program (MEES).Less
Federal migrant assistance programs were first launched in the 1960s to serve migrant farmworkers and their children. This chapter discusses the evolution of migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFW) programs in the United States and major justifications for these programs. The four major MSFW programs discussed are the following: Migrant Education Program (MEP), High School Equivalency Program (HEP), College Assistance Migrant Program (CAMP) and Migrant Education Even Start Program (MEES).
Julie M. Weise
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469624969
- eISBN:
- 9781469624983
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469624969.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
From the 1960s through the 1990s, millions of Mexican immigrants, Tejanos, and Mexican Americans journeyed through the rural U.S. South as agricultural migrant workers and tens of thousands settled ...
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From the 1960s through the 1990s, millions of Mexican immigrants, Tejanos, and Mexican Americans journeyed through the rural U.S. South as agricultural migrant workers and tens of thousands settled there. Chapter Four argues that Mexicanos of this generation arrived to southern Georgia’s agricultural areas with diminished expectations of citizenship in the Americas’ neoliberal era. Though locals initially treated them as objects of curiosity or hostility, soon influential white employers and church leaders both Catholic and Evangelical framed Mexican migrants’ lifestyles as archetypical examples of upright working poor who merited the opportunity to stay in town, earn wages, attend school, and receive charity despite their foreign accents and racial difference. Mexicanos reciprocated the interest, and did not become involved in labor or political organizing, albeit for their own reasons. In this way, a fragile peace around immigration issues settled over southern Georgia and much of the rural agricultural South through the end of the 1990s, even as farmworker organizing and populist anti-immigrant backlash took hold elsewhere in the country during the same period.Less
From the 1960s through the 1990s, millions of Mexican immigrants, Tejanos, and Mexican Americans journeyed through the rural U.S. South as agricultural migrant workers and tens of thousands settled there. Chapter Four argues that Mexicanos of this generation arrived to southern Georgia’s agricultural areas with diminished expectations of citizenship in the Americas’ neoliberal era. Though locals initially treated them as objects of curiosity or hostility, soon influential white employers and church leaders both Catholic and Evangelical framed Mexican migrants’ lifestyles as archetypical examples of upright working poor who merited the opportunity to stay in town, earn wages, attend school, and receive charity despite their foreign accents and racial difference. Mexicanos reciprocated the interest, and did not become involved in labor or political organizing, albeit for their own reasons. In this way, a fragile peace around immigration issues settled over southern Georgia and much of the rural agricultural South through the end of the 1990s, even as farmworker organizing and populist anti-immigrant backlash took hold elsewhere in the country during the same period.
Adam Tompkins
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801456688
- eISBN:
- 9781501704215
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801456688.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This book examines the cooperative efforts between farmworkers and environmentalists to campaign for pesticide reform. It charts the development of chemically intensive, industrial-style agriculture ...
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This book examines the cooperative efforts between farmworkers and environmentalists to campaign for pesticide reform. It charts the development of chemically intensive, industrial-style agriculture in the United States and shows how environmental and farmworker groups found a common ground to battle the indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture and acted as important knowledge brokers advocating for reform of pesticide use practices in order to make agricultural pest control safer and thus protect human health. It considers how cooperation between farmworker groups and the environmental movement often depended upon the work of bridge-builders within one or more of the organizations. It argues that these bridge-builders transcended differences among diverse movements and ably negotiated their cultural terrain to foster working relationships. The book also discusses pesticide politics from the local to international levels, with particular emphasis on the long struggle to halt the usage of methyl bromide.Less
This book examines the cooperative efforts between farmworkers and environmentalists to campaign for pesticide reform. It charts the development of chemically intensive, industrial-style agriculture in the United States and shows how environmental and farmworker groups found a common ground to battle the indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture and acted as important knowledge brokers advocating for reform of pesticide use practices in order to make agricultural pest control safer and thus protect human health. It considers how cooperation between farmworker groups and the environmental movement often depended upon the work of bridge-builders within one or more of the organizations. It argues that these bridge-builders transcended differences among diverse movements and ably negotiated their cultural terrain to foster working relationships. The book also discusses pesticide politics from the local to international levels, with particular emphasis on the long struggle to halt the usage of methyl bromide.
Adam Tompkins
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801456688
- eISBN:
- 9781501704215
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801456688.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This chapter examines the growth of a large marginalized, often migratory, workforce that was systematically disempowered by growers and government: the farmworkers. The modernization and ...
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This chapter examines the growth of a large marginalized, often migratory, workforce that was systematically disempowered by growers and government: the farmworkers. The modernization and professionalization of agriculture reshaped many farm owners’ thinking about labor and production. Beginning in the twentieth century, multitudes of migrant laborers shouldered the burden of work on large farms that used to be handled by families and local hired hands. This chapter considers how farm owners, acting in concert with the government, denied farmworkers political power in order to maintain a cheap and plentiful supply of agricultural labor. It argues that farmworkers, who acted as the “hidden” hands of the harvest, fell out of view of the public eye and did not benefit from the protection of the growing body of labor laws introduced in the mid-twentieth century. It shows how farmworkers sought allies outside of the agricultural industry in their pesticide reform campaigns.Less
This chapter examines the growth of a large marginalized, often migratory, workforce that was systematically disempowered by growers and government: the farmworkers. The modernization and professionalization of agriculture reshaped many farm owners’ thinking about labor and production. Beginning in the twentieth century, multitudes of migrant laborers shouldered the burden of work on large farms that used to be handled by families and local hired hands. This chapter considers how farm owners, acting in concert with the government, denied farmworkers political power in order to maintain a cheap and plentiful supply of agricultural labor. It argues that farmworkers, who acted as the “hidden” hands of the harvest, fell out of view of the public eye and did not benefit from the protection of the growing body of labor laws introduced in the mid-twentieth century. It shows how farmworkers sought allies outside of the agricultural industry in their pesticide reform campaigns.
Adam Tompkins
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801456688
- eISBN:
- 9781501704215
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801456688.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This chapter focuses on the pesticide reform efforts of farmworkers, led by the United Farm Workers (UFW), in cooperation with the mainstream environmental movement in the years immediately following ...
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This chapter focuses on the pesticide reform efforts of farmworkers, led by the United Farm Workers (UFW), in cooperation with the mainstream environmental movement in the years immediately following the DDT ban. It shows how environmental groups such as the Sierra Club expanded their lobbying efforts in Congress for the passage of a stronger regulatory law on pesticides. It also considers the Environmental Defense Fund’s attempts to get the Environmental Protection Agency to cancel all uses of aldrin and dieldrin. Finally, it discusses the UFW’s union battles with the Teamsters between 1972 and 1976 that affected its focus on agricultural chemicals, even as it continued to collaborate with some environmental groups on related issues.Less
This chapter focuses on the pesticide reform efforts of farmworkers, led by the United Farm Workers (UFW), in cooperation with the mainstream environmental movement in the years immediately following the DDT ban. It shows how environmental groups such as the Sierra Club expanded their lobbying efforts in Congress for the passage of a stronger regulatory law on pesticides. It also considers the Environmental Defense Fund’s attempts to get the Environmental Protection Agency to cancel all uses of aldrin and dieldrin. Finally, it discusses the UFW’s union battles with the Teamsters between 1972 and 1976 that affected its focus on agricultural chemicals, even as it continued to collaborate with some environmental groups on related issues.
Adam Tompkins
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801456688
- eISBN:
- 9781501704215
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801456688.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This chapter focuses on the pesticide conflict that pitted Arizona growers and the state’s Board of Pesticide Control (BPC) against farmworkers and suburban families during the 1970s and 1980s. In ...
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This chapter focuses on the pesticide conflict that pitted Arizona growers and the state’s Board of Pesticide Control (BPC) against farmworkers and suburban families during the 1970s and 1980s. In 1971, an “insecticide fog” drifted west from the fields that growers leased on the Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community Reservation into the city of Scottsdale. People living within a mile of the fields complained of breathing problems, coughing, and burning eyes, throats, and noses. The spread of suburban development into other agricultural areas of the Valley of the Sun intensified the complaints about pesticides. This chapter examines the collaboration among farmworkers, environmentalists, and suburbanites affected by pesticide drift as they tried to make the BPC more responsive to the concerns of the public and to overcome the power of the agricultural lobby.Less
This chapter focuses on the pesticide conflict that pitted Arizona growers and the state’s Board of Pesticide Control (BPC) against farmworkers and suburban families during the 1970s and 1980s. In 1971, an “insecticide fog” drifted west from the fields that growers leased on the Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community Reservation into the city of Scottsdale. People living within a mile of the fields complained of breathing problems, coughing, and burning eyes, throats, and noses. The spread of suburban development into other agricultural areas of the Valley of the Sun intensified the complaints about pesticides. This chapter examines the collaboration among farmworkers, environmentalists, and suburbanites affected by pesticide drift as they tried to make the BPC more responsive to the concerns of the public and to overcome the power of the agricultural lobby.
Jill Lindsey Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520292130
- eISBN:
- 9780520965652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520292130.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter showcases the work of California’s pesticide drift activists, who address their environmental concerns by advocating for regulatory restrictions on the use of the most-toxic and unruly ...
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This chapter showcases the work of California’s pesticide drift activists, who address their environmental concerns by advocating for regulatory restrictions on the use of the most-toxic and unruly pesticides. It shows that pesticide drift activism is a critical reaction to the longstanding inadequacies and more recent neoliberalization of the pesticide regulatory apparatus, as well as to the sustainable agriculture movement’s reliance on market-based practices. Pesticide drift activists mobilize their anger about pesticide exposure not by giving up on the state but by holding it responsible for reducing environmental hazards that threaten human health. Their work illustrates why stronger health-protective pesticide regulations are necessary and demonstrates that they are possible.Less
This chapter showcases the work of California’s pesticide drift activists, who address their environmental concerns by advocating for regulatory restrictions on the use of the most-toxic and unruly pesticides. It shows that pesticide drift activism is a critical reaction to the longstanding inadequacies and more recent neoliberalization of the pesticide regulatory apparatus, as well as to the sustainable agriculture movement’s reliance on market-based practices. Pesticide drift activists mobilize their anger about pesticide exposure not by giving up on the state but by holding it responsible for reducing environmental hazards that threaten human health. Their work illustrates why stronger health-protective pesticide regulations are necessary and demonstrates that they are possible.
Felipe Hinojosa
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041211
- eISBN:
- 9780252099809
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041211.003.0014
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This chapter follows the stories of Latinas/os who joined the Mennonite Church during the middle part of the twentieth century. While a relatively small Protestant denomination, the Mennonite Church ...
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This chapter follows the stories of Latinas/os who joined the Mennonite Church during the middle part of the twentieth century. While a relatively small Protestant denomination, the Mennonite Church is especially strong across the Midwest, from the Central Plains to the Great Lakes region. This chapter argues that religion served as an important platform for Latina/o civil rights movements in the Midwest. Religious activism in particular was an important part of the larger project of community formation for Latina/o migrants who were making the Midwest their new home. The quest for civil rights included building an interethnic alliance between Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and African Americans, which organized in 1968 and called itself the Minority Ministries Council (MMC). This group helped organize a K-12 educational program that created a pathway for black and brown youth to attend Mennonite schools. While these movements were for the most part dominated by Latino men, Latinas created their own spaces by organizing conferences that brought together women from across the country. This flurry of activity led to an unprecedented rise of Latinas/os within the Mennonite Church. In a span of about ten years, Latinas/os went from zero representation on national Mennonite Church boards to having Latinos and Latinas on every major church board from the East Coast to the Midwest.Less
This chapter follows the stories of Latinas/os who joined the Mennonite Church during the middle part of the twentieth century. While a relatively small Protestant denomination, the Mennonite Church is especially strong across the Midwest, from the Central Plains to the Great Lakes region. This chapter argues that religion served as an important platform for Latina/o civil rights movements in the Midwest. Religious activism in particular was an important part of the larger project of community formation for Latina/o migrants who were making the Midwest their new home. The quest for civil rights included building an interethnic alliance between Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and African Americans, which organized in 1968 and called itself the Minority Ministries Council (MMC). This group helped organize a K-12 educational program that created a pathway for black and brown youth to attend Mennonite schools. While these movements were for the most part dominated by Latino men, Latinas created their own spaces by organizing conferences that brought together women from across the country. This flurry of activity led to an unprecedented rise of Latinas/os within the Mennonite Church. In a span of about ten years, Latinas/os went from zero representation on national Mennonite Church boards to having Latinos and Latinas on every major church board from the East Coast to the Midwest.
Philip Martin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300139174
- eISBN:
- 9780300156003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300139174.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
The constant arrival of immigrants to fill jobs in U.S. farms resulted in a rural poverty developing in agricultural America. Several farmers demand that the government should enact rules that would ...
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The constant arrival of immigrants to fill jobs in U.S. farms resulted in a rural poverty developing in agricultural America. Several farmers demand that the government should enact rules that would rotate seasonal farmworkers coming in and out of the country. This resulted in a series of agreements to recruit Mexican farmworkers to harvest crops. However, the arrival of new farmworkers caused the largest flow of unauthorized migrants between two countries in the world. This book outlines a “regularize and rationalize” strategy that can bring about fundamental changes in the farm labor market. This plan includes two key elements: the legalization of some unauthorized farmworkers and easy access to legal guest workers.Less
The constant arrival of immigrants to fill jobs in U.S. farms resulted in a rural poverty developing in agricultural America. Several farmers demand that the government should enact rules that would rotate seasonal farmworkers coming in and out of the country. This resulted in a series of agreements to recruit Mexican farmworkers to harvest crops. However, the arrival of new farmworkers caused the largest flow of unauthorized migrants between two countries in the world. This book outlines a “regularize and rationalize” strategy that can bring about fundamental changes in the farm labor market. This plan includes two key elements: the legalization of some unauthorized farmworkers and easy access to legal guest workers.
Philip Martin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300139174
- eISBN:
- 9780300156003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300139174.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines the mobility of the seasonal farm workforce in California. All seasonal industries have a total workforce that exceeds average employment, but agriculture has among the highest ...
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This chapter examines the mobility of the seasonal farm workforce in California. All seasonal industries have a total workforce that exceeds average employment, but agriculture has among the highest worker-to-job ratios. The chapter discusses the reasons why more farmworkers are employed sometime during the year than there are year-round job slots.Less
This chapter examines the mobility of the seasonal farm workforce in California. All seasonal industries have a total workforce that exceeds average employment, but agriculture has among the highest worker-to-job ratios. The chapter discusses the reasons why more farmworkers are employed sometime during the year than there are year-round job slots.
Philip Martin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300139174
- eISBN:
- 9780300156003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300139174.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Immigration policy influences the number of farmworkers, their earnings and benefits, their settlement in the United States. This chapter reviews the evolution of U.S. immigration policy (from a ...
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Immigration policy influences the number of farmworkers, their earnings and benefits, their settlement in the United States. This chapter reviews the evolution of U.S. immigration policy (from a laissez-faire policy toward immigration) and examines the Senate's CIRA (Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act) 2007, which includes enforcement measures on unauthorized migration.Less
Immigration policy influences the number of farmworkers, their earnings and benefits, their settlement in the United States. This chapter reviews the evolution of U.S. immigration policy (from a laissez-faire policy toward immigration) and examines the Senate's CIRA (Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act) 2007, which includes enforcement measures on unauthorized migration.
John H. Flores
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041808
- eISBN:
- 9780252050473
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041808.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
During the first half of the twentieth century, Mexican Chicago was shaped by the ebbs and flows of revolutionary politics. Initially, the liberals, radicals, and conservatives all defined themselves ...
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During the first half of the twentieth century, Mexican Chicago was shaped by the ebbs and flows of revolutionary politics. Initially, the liberals, radicals, and conservatives all defined themselves as patriotic Mexican citizens. The Calles and Cardenas presidencies reinforced the nationalism of the liberals and radicals, while these presidencies and their policies repulsed the traditionalists from Mexico. As traditionalists distanced themselves from postrevolutionary Mexico, they offered Mexican Catholics a deterritorialized brand of mexicanidad that characterized Mexicans as a supranational people. U.S. deportation campaigns only underscored the ways Mexican citizenship could cost traditionalists their Catholic communities. In the end, the liberals and radicals were simply too disenchanted with the United States to become U.S. citizens, while Mexican radicalism and American nativism convinced traditionalists that it was in their best interest to become Americans.Less
During the first half of the twentieth century, Mexican Chicago was shaped by the ebbs and flows of revolutionary politics. Initially, the liberals, radicals, and conservatives all defined themselves as patriotic Mexican citizens. The Calles and Cardenas presidencies reinforced the nationalism of the liberals and radicals, while these presidencies and their policies repulsed the traditionalists from Mexico. As traditionalists distanced themselves from postrevolutionary Mexico, they offered Mexican Catholics a deterritorialized brand of mexicanidad that characterized Mexicans as a supranational people. U.S. deportation campaigns only underscored the ways Mexican citizenship could cost traditionalists their Catholic communities. In the end, the liberals and radicals were simply too disenchanted with the United States to become U.S. citizens, while Mexican radicalism and American nativism convinced traditionalists that it was in their best interest to become Americans.
Steven W. Bender
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479899623
- eISBN:
- 9781479876730
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479899623.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Law of Obligations
Chapter 4 details the abuses of U.S. farmworkers, who increasingly are undocumented Mexican immigrants. Farmworkers are dehumanized and invisible in the production of our food supply and remain among ...
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Chapter 4 details the abuses of U.S. farmworkers, who increasingly are undocumented Mexican immigrants. Farmworkers are dehumanized and invisible in the production of our food supply and remain among the most vulnerable of our workers; they are engaged in dangerous and difficult work with scant financial reward. Longstanding economic justifications rooted in the necessity of having an affordable and uninterrupted food supply also underlie our oppressive treatment of farmworkers; these justifications are grounded in the mistaken assumption that to supply a living wage would imperil the health of other U.S. residents who might no longer be able to afford their grocery bill. After detailing the history of abuses of farmworkers, the chapter articulates the different working terms and conditions we might supply if we valued the humanity of farmworkers.Less
Chapter 4 details the abuses of U.S. farmworkers, who increasingly are undocumented Mexican immigrants. Farmworkers are dehumanized and invisible in the production of our food supply and remain among the most vulnerable of our workers; they are engaged in dangerous and difficult work with scant financial reward. Longstanding economic justifications rooted in the necessity of having an affordable and uninterrupted food supply also underlie our oppressive treatment of farmworkers; these justifications are grounded in the mistaken assumption that to supply a living wage would imperil the health of other U.S. residents who might no longer be able to afford their grocery bill. After detailing the history of abuses of farmworkers, the chapter articulates the different working terms and conditions we might supply if we valued the humanity of farmworkers.
Amy K. Liebman and John May
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190662677
- eISBN:
- 9780190662707
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0035
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter describes hazards for agricultural workers. This is a large and exceedingly diverse group, with work—often precarious work—being performed by very young and very old persons, workers who ...
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This chapter describes hazards for agricultural workers. This is a large and exceedingly diverse group, with work—often precarious work—being performed by very young and very old persons, workers who are often economically disadvantaged, and workers of many nationalities and languages. There is considerable variation in power between employers and workers who frequently lack authorization for legal employment in the United States. Emphasis is placed on the hazards faced by migrant workers and immigrant workers. A number of factors, including public policy and the hazards involved with agriculture, such as pesticides, impact worker health and safety. Agricultural workers do not have many of the regulatory protections provided to workers in most other industries in the United States. Mechanical, large-animal, environmental, and toxicologic challenges all contribute to the markedly elevated rates of fatal and nonfatal injuries in these workers. High rates of stress and suicide affect these young workers.Less
This chapter describes hazards for agricultural workers. This is a large and exceedingly diverse group, with work—often precarious work—being performed by very young and very old persons, workers who are often economically disadvantaged, and workers of many nationalities and languages. There is considerable variation in power between employers and workers who frequently lack authorization for legal employment in the United States. Emphasis is placed on the hazards faced by migrant workers and immigrant workers. A number of factors, including public policy and the hazards involved with agriculture, such as pesticides, impact worker health and safety. Agricultural workers do not have many of the regulatory protections provided to workers in most other industries in the United States. Mechanical, large-animal, environmental, and toxicologic challenges all contribute to the markedly elevated rates of fatal and nonfatal injuries in these workers. High rates of stress and suicide affect these young workers.
Brian K. Obach
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029094
- eISBN:
- 9780262328302
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029094.003.0006
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
Social justice concerns have been tied to the organic cause at least since its embrace by the 1960s counterculture, but how social justice is perceived and pursued is complicated and contradictory. ...
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Social justice concerns have been tied to the organic cause at least since its embrace by the 1960s counterculture, but how social justice is perceived and pursued is complicated and contradictory. One interpretation sees social justice in support for family farmers imperilled by competition from big agribusiness. In the minds of many, organic provides an avenue for these farmers to receive a fair return for their products. There is tension between this sentiment and the fact that organic goods command a price premium that places them out of reach of many low income consumers. The struggle for food justice has developed in parallel with the organic movement, yet there is little overlap between them. The matter of farm labor further complicates social justice pursuits as many organic farms employ migrant workers, underpaid interns or engage in other exploitative labor practices. The matter of social justice remains a challenge for the organic movement.Less
Social justice concerns have been tied to the organic cause at least since its embrace by the 1960s counterculture, but how social justice is perceived and pursued is complicated and contradictory. One interpretation sees social justice in support for family farmers imperilled by competition from big agribusiness. In the minds of many, organic provides an avenue for these farmers to receive a fair return for their products. There is tension between this sentiment and the fact that organic goods command a price premium that places them out of reach of many low income consumers. The struggle for food justice has developed in parallel with the organic movement, yet there is little overlap between them. The matter of farm labor further complicates social justice pursuits as many organic farms employ migrant workers, underpaid interns or engage in other exploitative labor practices. The matter of social justice remains a challenge for the organic movement.
