Michelle Kosch
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199289110
- eISBN:
- 9780191604003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199289115.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter examines Kierkegaard’s critical accounts of aesthetic and ethical stages of existence, arguing that on Kierkegaard’s view, both life-views incorporate distorted accounts of human agency. ...
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This chapter examines Kierkegaard’s critical accounts of aesthetic and ethical stages of existence, arguing that on Kierkegaard’s view, both life-views incorporate distorted accounts of human agency. The criticism of the ethical stage is tied to the criticism of Kant’s approach to freedom for evil examined in chapters 2 and 4.Less
This chapter examines Kierkegaard’s critical accounts of aesthetic and ethical stages of existence, arguing that on Kierkegaard’s view, both life-views incorporate distorted accounts of human agency. The criticism of the ethical stage is tied to the criticism of Kant’s approach to freedom for evil examined in chapters 2 and 4.
Donald J. Morse
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823234707
- eISBN:
- 9780823240760
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823234707.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, American Philosophy
This book considers John Dewey's early philosophy on its own terms and aims to explicate its key ideas. It does so through the fullest treatment to date of his youthful masterwork, the Psychology. ...
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This book considers John Dewey's early philosophy on its own terms and aims to explicate its key ideas. It does so through the fullest treatment to date of his youthful masterwork, the Psychology. This fuller treatment reveals that the received view, which sees Dewey's early philosophy as unimportant in its own right, is deeply mistaken. In fact, Dewey's early philosophy amounts to an important new form of idealism. More specifically, Dewey's idealism contains a new logic of rupture, which allows us to achieve four things: a focus on discontinuity that challenges all naturalistic views, including Dewey's own later view; a space of critical resistance to events that is at the same time the source of ideals; a faith in the development of ideals that challenges pessimists like Schopenhauer and Nietzsche; and a non-traditional reading of Hegel that invites comparison with cutting-edge Continental philosophers, such as Adorno, Derrida, and Zizek, and even goes beyond them in its systematic approach. In making these discoveries, the book forges a new link between American and European philosophy, showing how they share similar insights and concerns. It also provides an original assessment of Dewey's relationship to his teacher, George Sylvester Morris, and to other important thinkers of the day, giving us a fresh picture of John Dewey, the man and the philosopher, in the early years of his career. This book discusses a wide range of topics, from Dewey's early reflections on Kant and Hegel to the nature of beauty, courage, sympathy, hatred, love, and even death and despair.Less
This book considers John Dewey's early philosophy on its own terms and aims to explicate its key ideas. It does so through the fullest treatment to date of his youthful masterwork, the Psychology. This fuller treatment reveals that the received view, which sees Dewey's early philosophy as unimportant in its own right, is deeply mistaken. In fact, Dewey's early philosophy amounts to an important new form of idealism. More specifically, Dewey's idealism contains a new logic of rupture, which allows us to achieve four things: a focus on discontinuity that challenges all naturalistic views, including Dewey's own later view; a space of critical resistance to events that is at the same time the source of ideals; a faith in the development of ideals that challenges pessimists like Schopenhauer and Nietzsche; and a non-traditional reading of Hegel that invites comparison with cutting-edge Continental philosophers, such as Adorno, Derrida, and Zizek, and even goes beyond them in its systematic approach. In making these discoveries, the book forges a new link between American and European philosophy, showing how they share similar insights and concerns. It also provides an original assessment of Dewey's relationship to his teacher, George Sylvester Morris, and to other important thinkers of the day, giving us a fresh picture of John Dewey, the man and the philosopher, in the early years of his career. This book discusses a wide range of topics, from Dewey's early reflections on Kant and Hegel to the nature of beauty, courage, sympathy, hatred, love, and even death and despair.
Michael Ingham
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099197
- eISBN:
- 9789882207103
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099197.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
PTU is an underappreciated noir masterpiece by one of Hong Kong's most prolific and commercially successful directors. Johnnie To Kei-fung has been called the poet of post-1997 and the economic ...
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PTU is an underappreciated noir masterpiece by one of Hong Kong's most prolific and commercially successful directors. Johnnie To Kei-fung has been called the poet of post-1997 and the economic savior of the Hong Kong film industry for an extraordinary range of films produced during some of Hong Kong cinema's most difficult years. While many of To's celebrated films—such as Election, Exiled, and The Mission—feature themes of criminal glory and revenge, PTU centers on the ethical dilemmas, personal dramas, and stoic teamwork in the elite Police Tactical Unit. The story follows the PTU's all-night search for an officer's missing gun as they navigate triad turf struggles and marauding jewel thieves from mainland China. Shot over several years in the hauntingly empty pre-dawn streets of Tsim Sha Tsui, and released amid the 2003 SARS panic, the film evokes Hong Kong's post-handover economic despair and multiple identity crises. This book argues that PTU is the most aesthetically rigorous and satisfying of To's many films in terms of character development and psychological complexity.Less
PTU is an underappreciated noir masterpiece by one of Hong Kong's most prolific and commercially successful directors. Johnnie To Kei-fung has been called the poet of post-1997 and the economic savior of the Hong Kong film industry for an extraordinary range of films produced during some of Hong Kong cinema's most difficult years. While many of To's celebrated films—such as Election, Exiled, and The Mission—feature themes of criminal glory and revenge, PTU centers on the ethical dilemmas, personal dramas, and stoic teamwork in the elite Police Tactical Unit. The story follows the PTU's all-night search for an officer's missing gun as they navigate triad turf struggles and marauding jewel thieves from mainland China. Shot over several years in the hauntingly empty pre-dawn streets of Tsim Sha Tsui, and released amid the 2003 SARS panic, the film evokes Hong Kong's post-handover economic despair and multiple identity crises. This book argues that PTU is the most aesthetically rigorous and satisfying of To's many films in terms of character development and psychological complexity.
Matthew Fox
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199211920
- eISBN:
- 9780191705854
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211920.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This chapter focuses on Brutus, Cicero's late dialogue on the history of rhetoric. Rather than presenting a teleology for Cicero's own achievements, the work reinforces the difficulty of interpreting ...
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This chapter focuses on Brutus, Cicero's late dialogue on the history of rhetoric. Rather than presenting a teleology for Cicero's own achievements, the work reinforces the difficulty of interpreting rhetoric as the cornerstone of Rome's political history. Details of the work demonstrate Cicero's ironic attitude to such teleology, and sometimes that irony is inflected with a grim humour. Cicero's self-presentation is explored. The chapter concludes that this work represents clearly the problematic quality of Cicero's exploration of Rome's history. As a record of political process, as an arena for exercising rhetorical skill, and as a validation for Cicero's own career, Rome's history provides little comfort at the point where the Republic is collapsing.Less
This chapter focuses on Brutus, Cicero's late dialogue on the history of rhetoric. Rather than presenting a teleology for Cicero's own achievements, the work reinforces the difficulty of interpreting rhetoric as the cornerstone of Rome's political history. Details of the work demonstrate Cicero's ironic attitude to such teleology, and sometimes that irony is inflected with a grim humour. Cicero's self-presentation is explored. The chapter concludes that this work represents clearly the problematic quality of Cicero's exploration of Rome's history. As a record of political process, as an arena for exercising rhetorical skill, and as a validation for Cicero's own career, Rome's history provides little comfort at the point where the Republic is collapsing.
E. W. Heaton
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780198263623
- eISBN:
- 9780191601156
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198263627.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
The presuppositions of the comfortable outlook – ‘God’s in his heaven: All’s right with the world’ – had been questioned from time to time over the centuries, but Job and Ecclesiastes are the only ...
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The presuppositions of the comfortable outlook – ‘God’s in his heaven: All’s right with the world’ – had been questioned from time to time over the centuries, but Job and Ecclesiastes are the only major works in the Old Testament deliberately undertaken to articulate the doubt and debate then current in the Israeli schools. They are generally thought to come from the fifth or fourth and third centuries BC respectively, but there is no evidence to support the speculation that it was at this period that the age-old conflict between the theories of the theologians and the facts of life became more than usually acute. The two parts of the chapter look first at doubt, disaster, despair and pessimism in Job and then at the same attitudes in Ecclesiastes, and in doing so make comparisons between the two books. The Egyptian and Babylonian precedents to passages in Job suggest that its author is writing within a convention well established in the circles of schoolmen of the Ancient Near East, rather than presenting actual experiences, and the sustained protest of Job’s speeches challenges the two principal (and contradictory) dogmas that had become fossilized in the Israeli school tradition: ‘God moves in a mysterious way his wonders to perform’, and ‘God’s way in the world is not in the least mysterious and may be traced in the prosperity of the righteous and the suffering of the wicked’. Any interpretation of Ecclesiastes, who like Job was a literary stylist, must give due weight to the fact that he was a teacher, but the application of doleful description in the body of the work is discriminating, and probably represents his thought.Less
The presuppositions of the comfortable outlook – ‘God’s in his heaven: All’s right with the world’ – had been questioned from time to time over the centuries, but Job and Ecclesiastes are the only major works in the Old Testament deliberately undertaken to articulate the doubt and debate then current in the Israeli schools. They are generally thought to come from the fifth or fourth and third centuries BC respectively, but there is no evidence to support the speculation that it was at this period that the age-old conflict between the theories of the theologians and the facts of life became more than usually acute. The two parts of the chapter look first at doubt, disaster, despair and pessimism in Job and then at the same attitudes in Ecclesiastes, and in doing so make comparisons between the two books. The Egyptian and Babylonian precedents to passages in Job suggest that its author is writing within a convention well established in the circles of schoolmen of the Ancient Near East, rather than presenting actual experiences, and the sustained protest of Job’s speeches challenges the two principal (and contradictory) dogmas that had become fossilized in the Israeli school tradition: ‘God moves in a mysterious way his wonders to perform’, and ‘God’s way in the world is not in the least mysterious and may be traced in the prosperity of the righteous and the suffering of the wicked’. Any interpretation of Ecclesiastes, who like Job was a literary stylist, must give due weight to the fact that he was a teacher, but the application of doleful description in the body of the work is discriminating, and probably represents his thought.
Henry E. Allison
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199532889
- eISBN:
- 9780191714450
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532889.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter analyzes Hume's justification for continuing his project of constructing a science of human nature (writing the last two books of the Treatise) in the concluding section of Book One, in ...
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This chapter analyzes Hume's justification for continuing his project of constructing a science of human nature (writing the last two books of the Treatise) in the concluding section of Book One, in spite of what he has learned about the unreliability of his cognitive faculties. It is divided into four parts. The first sketches Hume's doubts concerning these faculties, which led him to despair of his project. The second examines Hume's overcoming of this despair and return to philosophy through the combination of the return of ‘a serious good humour'd disposition’ and ‘sceptical principles’, specifically the ‘Title Principle’. The third provides an internal defense of Hume's appeal to the latter and on his reliance on a certain philosophical insouciance. The fourth functions as a conclusion to the work as a whole and provides an overall evaluation of Hume's achievement by means of a final comparison with Kant.Less
This chapter analyzes Hume's justification for continuing his project of constructing a science of human nature (writing the last two books of the Treatise) in the concluding section of Book One, in spite of what he has learned about the unreliability of his cognitive faculties. It is divided into four parts. The first sketches Hume's doubts concerning these faculties, which led him to despair of his project. The second examines Hume's overcoming of this despair and return to philosophy through the combination of the return of ‘a serious good humour'd disposition’ and ‘sceptical principles’, specifically the ‘Title Principle’. The third provides an internal defense of Hume's appeal to the latter and on his reliance on a certain philosophical insouciance. The fourth functions as a conclusion to the work as a whole and provides an overall evaluation of Hume's achievement by means of a final comparison with Kant.
Charles K. Bellinger
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195134988
- eISBN:
- 9780199833986
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195134982.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Kierkegaard's psychological masterpiece, The Sickness unto Death, is summarized, focusing on his interpretation of despair and sin as not willing to become the mature self that one is called (by the ...
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Kierkegaard's psychological masterpiece, The Sickness unto Death, is summarized, focusing on his interpretation of despair and sin as not willing to become the mature self that one is called (by the Creator) to become. Friedrich Nietzsche is criticized as a proponent of despairing rebellion against the divine call. The psychological term ”ego‐protection” is one way of presenting Kierkegaard's understanding of the despair that leads ultimately to violence.Less
Kierkegaard's psychological masterpiece, The Sickness unto Death, is summarized, focusing on his interpretation of despair and sin as not willing to become the mature self that one is called (by the Creator) to become. Friedrich Nietzsche is criticized as a proponent of despairing rebellion against the divine call. The psychological term ”ego‐protection” is one way of presenting Kierkegaard's understanding of the despair that leads ultimately to violence.
Brian Murdoch
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199596409
- eISBN:
- 9780191745737
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199596409.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, Religion and Literature
The story of the apocryphal pope and saint Gregorius was extremely popular throughout the Middle Ages and later in Europe and beyond. In a memorable narrative Gregorius is born from an incestuous ...
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The story of the apocryphal pope and saint Gregorius was extremely popular throughout the Middle Ages and later in Europe and beyond. In a memorable narrative Gregorius is born from an incestuous relationship between a noble brother and sister, and is set out to sea with (unspecific) details of his origin. He is found and brought up by an abbot, but when revealed as a foundling, leaves as a knight to seek his origins; he rescues his mother’s land from attack, and marries her. On discovering his sin he undertakes years of penance on a rocky islet, which he survives miraculously. An angel sends emissaries from Rome to find him after the death of the pope, the key to his shackles is equally miraculously discovered, and he becomes pope. This hagiographical romance is not a variation upon Oedipus; it uses the invisible sin of incest as a parallel both for original sin (the sin of Adam and Eve) and for actual sin. It combines the universal theme of the quest for identity with the problem not of guilt as such, which is inevitable, but of how sinful humanity can cope if it avoids despair. The story probably originated in medieval England or France, but is found in versions from Iceland and Ireland to Iraq and Egypt, in verse and prose, in full-scale literary forms or in much-reduced folktales, in theological as well as secular contexts, and more or less continuously down to and even beyond. It is a truly European theme.Less
The story of the apocryphal pope and saint Gregorius was extremely popular throughout the Middle Ages and later in Europe and beyond. In a memorable narrative Gregorius is born from an incestuous relationship between a noble brother and sister, and is set out to sea with (unspecific) details of his origin. He is found and brought up by an abbot, but when revealed as a foundling, leaves as a knight to seek his origins; he rescues his mother’s land from attack, and marries her. On discovering his sin he undertakes years of penance on a rocky islet, which he survives miraculously. An angel sends emissaries from Rome to find him after the death of the pope, the key to his shackles is equally miraculously discovered, and he becomes pope. This hagiographical romance is not a variation upon Oedipus; it uses the invisible sin of incest as a parallel both for original sin (the sin of Adam and Eve) and for actual sin. It combines the universal theme of the quest for identity with the problem not of guilt as such, which is inevitable, but of how sinful humanity can cope if it avoids despair. The story probably originated in medieval England or France, but is found in versions from Iceland and Ireland to Iraq and Egypt, in verse and prose, in full-scale literary forms or in much-reduced folktales, in theological as well as secular contexts, and more or less continuously down to and even beyond. It is a truly European theme.
Sylvia Walsh
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199208357
- eISBN:
- 9780191695728
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208357.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, History of Christianity
This chapter examines Kierkegaard's angle on the nature of original sin using The Concept of Anxiety, and The Sickness of Death, two of his notable works in Christian thought. It looks into twin ...
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This chapter examines Kierkegaard's angle on the nature of original sin using The Concept of Anxiety, and The Sickness of Death, two of his notable works in Christian thought. It looks into twin psychological concepts of anxiety and despair and the ways these phenomena are probed by their pseudonymous authors to enlighten the psychological depths of the Christian doctrine of sin and the notion of authentic human selfhood in Kierkegaard's theological anthropology. The chapter also looks into the concepts of innocence, the consequences of hereditary sin, the Socratic and Christian views of sin, the dialectical constituents of the self as a synthesis, unconscious despair, conscious despair in weakness, defiant despair, despair as sin, sin as a position, continuance in sin, sin as offence, and sin against the Holy Spirit.Less
This chapter examines Kierkegaard's angle on the nature of original sin using The Concept of Anxiety, and The Sickness of Death, two of his notable works in Christian thought. It looks into twin psychological concepts of anxiety and despair and the ways these phenomena are probed by their pseudonymous authors to enlighten the psychological depths of the Christian doctrine of sin and the notion of authentic human selfhood in Kierkegaard's theological anthropology. The chapter also looks into the concepts of innocence, the consequences of hereditary sin, the Socratic and Christian views of sin, the dialectical constituents of the self as a synthesis, unconscious despair, conscious despair in weakness, defiant despair, despair as sin, sin as a position, continuance in sin, sin as offence, and sin against the Holy Spirit.
William A. Richards and G. William Barnard
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231174060
- eISBN:
- 9780231540919
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231174060.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Psychopharmacology
Difficult psychedelic experiences.
Difficult psychedelic experiences.
