Richard Pomfret
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199248872
- eISBN:
- 9780191596797
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199248877.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
Regional trading arrangements have been a recurring, and often challenging, feature of the global trading system established after 1945. This book analyses the economic, historical, and political ...
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Regional trading arrangements have been a recurring, and often challenging, feature of the global trading system established after 1945. This book analyses the economic, historical, and political reasons behind these challenges, which arose even though the multilateral trading system was serving the world well over the second half of the twentieth century. The book's three main parts deal with the history, theory, and empirical evidence on the effects of discriminatory trade policies in general, and of regionalism in particular.Less
Regional trading arrangements have been a recurring, and often challenging, feature of the global trading system established after 1945. This book analyses the economic, historical, and political reasons behind these challenges, which arose even though the multilateral trading system was serving the world well over the second half of the twentieth century. The book's three main parts deal with the history, theory, and empirical evidence on the effects of discriminatory trade policies in general, and of regionalism in particular.
Nigel Yates
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198270133
- eISBN:
- 9780191683916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198270133.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, History of Christianity
This book presents principles that governed the restoration of old churches and the building of new ones between the late 16th and the early 19th centuries, and have continued to do so, though with ...
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This book presents principles that governed the restoration of old churches and the building of new ones between the late 16th and the early 19th centuries, and have continued to do so, though with the emphasis more on theological outlook and less on what is merely ‘convenient’ and ‘decent’, the adjectives most frequently used to describe the liturgical arrangements of the 17th and 18th centuries. It is now more than fifty years since G. W. O. Addleshaw and F. Etchells published their pioneering study of The Architectural Setting of Anglican Worship in 1948. The book discusses new architectural and archival evidence with the results of related historical research carried out over the last half century. There has been a major shift of emphasis from largely institutional church history to a consideration of ecclesiastical matters in a much wider context where ecclesiastical history is seen to be an integral part of economic and social history.Less
This book presents principles that governed the restoration of old churches and the building of new ones between the late 16th and the early 19th centuries, and have continued to do so, though with the emphasis more on theological outlook and less on what is merely ‘convenient’ and ‘decent’, the adjectives most frequently used to describe the liturgical arrangements of the 17th and 18th centuries. It is now more than fifty years since G. W. O. Addleshaw and F. Etchells published their pioneering study of The Architectural Setting of Anglican Worship in 1948. The book discusses new architectural and archival evidence with the results of related historical research carried out over the last half century. There has been a major shift of emphasis from largely institutional church history to a consideration of ecclesiastical matters in a much wider context where ecclesiastical history is seen to be an integral part of economic and social history.
Hussein Kassim
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199252091
- eISBN:
- 9780191599224
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199252092.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter approaches the theme of Europeanization somewhat differently from the other contributions to the book. Using the term in its broadest sense, it examines the administrative response on ...
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This chapter approaches the theme of Europeanization somewhat differently from the other contributions to the book. Using the term in its broadest sense, it examines the administrative response on the part of member states to the demands of European Union (EU) membership and considers the institutional arrangements they have put in place to manage their participation in EU decision-making. European integration subjects national governments to unique and exacting pressures and imposes strict requirements on their participation in processes of EU decision-making. This chapter considers these demands by examining and comparing national responses in terms of the ambitions developed by the member states, their coordination strategies, and the structures they have put in place to manage their involvement in the Union. Finally, it considers the underlying determinants that shape national coordination arrangements.Less
This chapter approaches the theme of Europeanization somewhat differently from the other contributions to the book. Using the term in its broadest sense, it examines the administrative response on the part of member states to the demands of European Union (EU) membership and considers the institutional arrangements they have put in place to manage their participation in EU decision-making. European integration subjects national governments to unique and exacting pressures and imposes strict requirements on their participation in processes of EU decision-making. This chapter considers these demands by examining and comparing national responses in terms of the ambitions developed by the member states, their coordination strategies, and the structures they have put in place to manage their involvement in the Union. Finally, it considers the underlying determinants that shape national coordination arrangements.
Olivier Cadot, Antoni Estevadeordal, Akiko Suwa-Eisenmann, and Thierry Verdier
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199290482
- eISBN:
- 9780191603471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199290482.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter focuses on the difference between free trade agreements with rules of origin and customs unions. The first part develops a model to assess the trade and production in intermediate and ...
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This chapter focuses on the difference between free trade agreements with rules of origin and customs unions. The first part develops a model to assess the trade and production in intermediate and final goods under these two forms of preferential trading arrangements. The second part performs a cross-sectional econometric analysis of bilateral trade in finished motor vehicles and parts in the OECD area. The findings suggest that ROO can be an effective barrier against third-party suppliers of intermediate goods, and that the ‘border effect’ on trade is mitigated within customs unions.Less
This chapter focuses on the difference between free trade agreements with rules of origin and customs unions. The first part develops a model to assess the trade and production in intermediate and final goods under these two forms of preferential trading arrangements. The second part performs a cross-sectional econometric analysis of bilateral trade in finished motor vehicles and parts in the OECD area. The findings suggest that ROO can be an effective barrier against third-party suppliers of intermediate goods, and that the ‘border effect’ on trade is mitigated within customs unions.
Olivier Cadot, Antoni Estevadeordal, Akiko Suwa-Eisenmann, and Thierry Verdier
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199290482
- eISBN:
- 9780191603471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199290482.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter breaks new ground in dissecting preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) by focusing on rules of origin (ROO), a crucial yet poorly understood market access discipline included in ...
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This chapter breaks new ground in dissecting preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) by focusing on rules of origin (ROO), a crucial yet poorly understood market access discipline included in virtually every PTA. It presents a global mapping of the existing ROO regimes, and puts forth an analytical coding scheme for the types of product-specific and regime-wide ROO employed in these regimes. The most immediate contribution of this chapter is to advance the understanding of the ROO regimes around the world, and provide analytical tools for empirical studies on ROO’s economic effects.Less
This chapter breaks new ground in dissecting preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) by focusing on rules of origin (ROO), a crucial yet poorly understood market access discipline included in virtually every PTA. It presents a global mapping of the existing ROO regimes, and puts forth an analytical coding scheme for the types of product-specific and regime-wide ROO employed in these regimes. The most immediate contribution of this chapter is to advance the understanding of the ROO regimes around the world, and provide analytical tools for empirical studies on ROO’s economic effects.
Robert K. Christensen
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199204762
- eISBN:
- 9780191603860
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199204764.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The Westphalian paradigm suggests that sovereign nation-states formally constitute the only legitimate institutions of international policy creation, enactment, and enforcement. This paper seeks to ...
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The Westphalian paradigm suggests that sovereign nation-states formally constitute the only legitimate institutions of international policy creation, enactment, and enforcement. This paper seeks to highlight the policy potency of nongovernmental organizations by turning to a debate that questions the relevancy of the Westphalian paradigm. One of the most contentious points in this debate is the role and legitimacy of the various actors involved in globalization. The mechanism of ‘soft law’ is discussed, which allows non-state actors to participate — in an increasingly formalized way — in policy processes traditionally and even exclusively populated by sovereign nation states. Ostrom et al.’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework is used to clarify the institutional implications of non-sovereigns in policy formation. Ultimately, the soft law mechanism illustrates that the informal sector is gaining access — as and through NGOs — to powerful policy networks where formal sovereignty is decreasingly relevant.Less
The Westphalian paradigm suggests that sovereign nation-states formally constitute the only legitimate institutions of international policy creation, enactment, and enforcement. This paper seeks to highlight the policy potency of nongovernmental organizations by turning to a debate that questions the relevancy of the Westphalian paradigm. One of the most contentious points in this debate is the role and legitimacy of the various actors involved in globalization. The mechanism of ‘soft law’ is discussed, which allows non-state actors to participate — in an increasingly formalized way — in policy processes traditionally and even exclusively populated by sovereign nation states. Ostrom et al.’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework is used to clarify the institutional implications of non-sovereigns in policy formation. Ultimately, the soft law mechanism illustrates that the informal sector is gaining access — as and through NGOs — to powerful policy networks where formal sovereignty is decreasingly relevant.
Richard Caplan
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199263455
- eISBN:
- 9780191602726
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199263450.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Explores how, and under what circumstances, international authorities should withdraw from the administration of a territory. Whereas elections were once viewed as the capstone of international ...
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Explores how, and under what circumstances, international authorities should withdraw from the administration of a territory. Whereas elections were once viewed as the capstone of international involvement, as in Cambodia, transitional authorities today are focused additionally on the development of institutional safeguards (for minority groups, for instance) that, it is hoped, will endure beyond the transitional period. Other approaches include a phased exit strategy whereby the pace of transfer is commensurate with the demonstrated ability of the local leadership to meet specified benchmarks. Follow-on measures—a role for which regional organizations may be particularly well suited—are also important to reinforce positive results, as are regional stabilization measures, such as the incentive structure represented by the prospect of membership in regional and international organizations.Less
Explores how, and under what circumstances, international authorities should withdraw from the administration of a territory. Whereas elections were once viewed as the capstone of international involvement, as in Cambodia, transitional authorities today are focused additionally on the development of institutional safeguards (for minority groups, for instance) that, it is hoped, will endure beyond the transitional period. Other approaches include a phased exit strategy whereby the pace of transfer is commensurate with the demonstrated ability of the local leadership to meet specified benchmarks. Follow-on measures—a role for which regional organizations may be particularly well suited—are also important to reinforce positive results, as are regional stabilization measures, such as the incentive structure represented by the prospect of membership in regional and international organizations.
Matthew Flinders and Matthew Denton
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199271603
- eISBN:
- 9780191709241
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271603.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics, Political Economy
Having set out the structure of the state, this chapter seeks to uncover the manner in which public bodies are controlled by their parent department (or departments), and particularly how an ...
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Having set out the structure of the state, this chapter seeks to uncover the manner in which public bodies are controlled by their parent department (or departments), and particularly how an effective balance between independence and control is maintained. Research suggests that the governance arrangements vary greatly between departments and that the issue of internal control has been a critical concern amongst politicians and policy-makers for several decades.Less
Having set out the structure of the state, this chapter seeks to uncover the manner in which public bodies are controlled by their parent department (or departments), and particularly how an effective balance between independence and control is maintained. Research suggests that the governance arrangements vary greatly between departments and that the issue of internal control has been a critical concern amongst politicians and policy-makers for several decades.
Alexander Samely
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199296736
- eISBN:
- 9780191712067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296736.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter explains the main categories by which rabbinic documents can be sorted into groups. It introduces thirteen key small forms which make up the bulk of rabbinic literature. Also it presents ...
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This chapter explains the main categories by which rabbinic documents can be sorted into groups. It introduces thirteen key small forms which make up the bulk of rabbinic literature. Also it presents five main arrangement principles according to which the small forms are put together in extended texts. An artificial synthesis of rabbinic ideas about God, the Torah, and Israel is developed, and why such syntheses have no direct evidence to support them, is also explained.Less
This chapter explains the main categories by which rabbinic documents can be sorted into groups. It introduces thirteen key small forms which make up the bulk of rabbinic literature. Also it presents five main arrangement principles according to which the small forms are put together in extended texts. An artificial synthesis of rabbinic ideas about God, the Torah, and Israel is developed, and why such syntheses have no direct evidence to support them, is also explained.
Vincent Wright
Hussein Kassim, Anand Menon, and B. Guy Peters (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199248056
- eISBN:
- 9780191601545
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199248052.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This book is the second of two volumes in which leading scholars examine the way in which European Union (EU) member states co-ordinate their European policies, and investigates the structures, ...
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This book is the second of two volumes in which leading scholars examine the way in which European Union (EU) member states co-ordinate their European policies, and investigates the structures, institutions and processes put in place by national governments in Brussels. The companion volume, published in 2000, examines the national co-ordination of EU policy at the domestic level. This second book offers a comprehensive, comparative analysis of national co-ordination at the European level. It investigates the way in which eleven member states—Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, and the United Kingdom—co-ordinate their European policy in Brussels. It examines their co-ordination ambitions, the value attached to co-ordination and their conception of it, and the strategies adopted by the member states for defining and defending a national position in EU policy-making. It looks in detail at the organization and operation of the permanent representations—the principal institution charged by governments with safeguarding the ‘national interest’ in Brussels—and at how, to what extent (indeed, whether) they succeed in reconciling their responsibilities as both agencies of the national government and part of the EU decision-making system. The book assesses the effectiveness of the various national arrangements in achieving their intended goals, and identifies the factors that influence or determine performance at the European level. The institutions, structures, and processes utilized by the member states in Brussels are compared with a view to discovering whether there is evidence of convergence around a common model or whether national differences persist. All of the chapters except for the Conclusion are extensively revised versions of papers presented at a workshop, held at Nuffield College, Oxford, on 13–14 May 1999.Less
This book is the second of two volumes in which leading scholars examine the way in which European Union (EU) member states co-ordinate their European policies, and investigates the structures, institutions and processes put in place by national governments in Brussels. The companion volume, published in 2000, examines the national co-ordination of EU policy at the domestic level. This second book offers a comprehensive, comparative analysis of national co-ordination at the European level. It investigates the way in which eleven member states—Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, and the United Kingdom—co-ordinate their European policy in Brussels. It examines their co-ordination ambitions, the value attached to co-ordination and their conception of it, and the strategies adopted by the member states for defining and defending a national position in EU policy-making. It looks in detail at the organization and operation of the permanent representations—the principal institution charged by governments with safeguarding the ‘national interest’ in Brussels—and at how, to what extent (indeed, whether) they succeed in reconciling their responsibilities as both agencies of the national government and part of the EU decision-making system. The book assesses the effectiveness of the various national arrangements in achieving their intended goals, and identifies the factors that influence or determine performance at the European level. The institutions, structures, and processes utilized by the member states in Brussels are compared with a view to discovering whether there is evidence of convergence around a common model or whether national differences persist. All of the chapters except for the Conclusion are extensively revised versions of papers presented at a workshop, held at Nuffield College, Oxford, on 13–14 May 1999.
