Christopher Janaway
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199279692
- eISBN:
- 9780191707407
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279692.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This book presents a full commentary on Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morality and combines close reading of key passages with an overview of Nietzsche's wider aims. It argues that Nietzsche's ...
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This book presents a full commentary on Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morality and combines close reading of key passages with an overview of Nietzsche's wider aims. It argues that Nietzsche's practice of genealogy pursues psychological and historical truths concerning the origins of modern moral values, but also emphasizes the significance of his rhetorical methods as an instrument of persuasion. Nietzsche's outlook is broadly one of naturalism, but he is critical of typical scientific and philosophical methods for their advocacy of impersonality and suppression of the affects. Nietzsche's principal opponents are Schopenhauer and Paul Rée, both of whom account for morality in terms of selflessness. Nietzsche believes that our allegiance to a post-Christian morality that centres around selflessness, compassion, guilt, and denial of the instincts is not primarily rational but affective: underlying feelings, often ambivalent and poorly grasped in conscious thought, explain our moral beliefs. The Genealogy is designed to detach the reader from his or her allegiance to morality and prepare for the possibility of new values. According to Nietzsche's ‘perspectivism’, this book argues that one can best understand a topic such as morality through allowing as many of one's feelings as possible to speak about it. And Nietzsche's further aim is to enable us to ‘feel differently’: to this end his provocation of the reader's affects both helps us grasp the affective origins of our attitudes and prepares the way for healthier values such as the affirmation of life and the self-satisfaction to be attained by ‘giving style to one's character’.Less
This book presents a full commentary on Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morality and combines close reading of key passages with an overview of Nietzsche's wider aims. It argues that Nietzsche's practice of genealogy pursues psychological and historical truths concerning the origins of modern moral values, but also emphasizes the significance of his rhetorical methods as an instrument of persuasion. Nietzsche's outlook is broadly one of naturalism, but he is critical of typical scientific and philosophical methods for their advocacy of impersonality and suppression of the affects. Nietzsche's principal opponents are Schopenhauer and Paul Rée, both of whom account for morality in terms of selflessness. Nietzsche believes that our allegiance to a post-Christian morality that centres around selflessness, compassion, guilt, and denial of the instincts is not primarily rational but affective: underlying feelings, often ambivalent and poorly grasped in conscious thought, explain our moral beliefs. The Genealogy is designed to detach the reader from his or her allegiance to morality and prepare for the possibility of new values. According to Nietzsche's ‘perspectivism’, this book argues that one can best understand a topic such as morality through allowing as many of one's feelings as possible to speak about it. And Nietzsche's further aim is to enable us to ‘feel differently’: to this end his provocation of the reader's affects both helps us grasp the affective origins of our attitudes and prepares the way for healthier values such as the affirmation of life and the self-satisfaction to be attained by ‘giving style to one's character’.
Rachel Trubowitz
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199604739
- eISBN:
- 9780191741074
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199604739.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature
This book focuses on changing seventeenth-century English views of maternal nurture and the nation. The revaluation of maternal nursing goes hand-in-hand with the reformation of the nation, ...
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This book focuses on changing seventeenth-century English views of maternal nurture and the nation. The revaluation of maternal nursing goes hand-in-hand with the reformation of the nation, especially between 1603 and 1675. Maternal nurture gains new prominence in the early modern cultural imagination at the precise moment when England undergoes a major conceptual paradigm shift — from the traditional, dynastic body politic, organized by organic bonds, to the post-dynastic, modern nation, comprised of symbolic and affective relations. The period’s interlocking reassessments of maternal nurture and the nation also manifest (especially in the case of Milton) English Protestant views of Judeo-Christian relations. The book’s five chapters examine a wide range of reformed-and-traditional, well-known-and-somewhat-obscure texts — including A pitiless Mother, William Gouge’s Of Domesticall Duties, Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Charles I’s Eikon Basilike, and Milton’s Paradise Lost and Samson Agonistes — and such early modern visual images as The power of women (a late sixteenth-century Dutch engraving), William Marshall’s engraved frontispiece to Richard Braithwaite’s The English Gentleman and Gentlewoman (1641), and Peter Paul Rubens’s painting of Roman Charity (1630). The book demonstrates that the idealized figure of the nurturing mother equivocally mediates between customary Judaic/Hebraic paradigms of English kingship and reformed models of England as the new Israel.Less
This book focuses on changing seventeenth-century English views of maternal nurture and the nation. The revaluation of maternal nursing goes hand-in-hand with the reformation of the nation, especially between 1603 and 1675. Maternal nurture gains new prominence in the early modern cultural imagination at the precise moment when England undergoes a major conceptual paradigm shift — from the traditional, dynastic body politic, organized by organic bonds, to the post-dynastic, modern nation, comprised of symbolic and affective relations. The period’s interlocking reassessments of maternal nurture and the nation also manifest (especially in the case of Milton) English Protestant views of Judeo-Christian relations. The book’s five chapters examine a wide range of reformed-and-traditional, well-known-and-somewhat-obscure texts — including A pitiless Mother, William Gouge’s Of Domesticall Duties, Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Charles I’s Eikon Basilike, and Milton’s Paradise Lost and Samson Agonistes — and such early modern visual images as The power of women (a late sixteenth-century Dutch engraving), William Marshall’s engraved frontispiece to Richard Braithwaite’s The English Gentleman and Gentlewoman (1641), and Peter Paul Rubens’s painting of Roman Charity (1630). The book demonstrates that the idealized figure of the nurturing mother equivocally mediates between customary Judaic/Hebraic paradigms of English kingship and reformed models of England as the new Israel.
Craig DeLancey
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195142716
- eISBN:
- 9780199833153
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195142713.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Passionate Engines shows that our best understanding of emotion has important implications for understanding intentionality, rationality, phenomenal consciousness, artificial ...
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Passionate Engines shows that our best understanding of emotion has important implications for understanding intentionality, rationality, phenomenal consciousness, artificial intelligence, and other issues. Some theories of mind, of action, and of moral psychology, and some approaches in artificial intelligence, are shown to be inconsistent with our best understanding of emotions. However, our best understanding of emotions also suggests fruitful new approaches to the challenges of these disciplines. There are three additional themes. First, the book introduces a version of a theory of some emotions called the affect program theory. This theory is defended against social constructionist and cognitivist views of emotion, and shown to be able to account for the rationality of emotions and our ability to emote for fictions. Second, the book defends the hierarchical view of mind. Part of this view is the thesis that the primary topic of the study of mind and artificial intelligence is autonomy, and not the skills typically associated with intelligence. Third, the book challenges the simplistic associations that naturalism has come to have in much contemporary philosophy of mind, arguing that science typically complicates and enriches, instead of eliminating and reducing, our view of natural phenomena.Less
Passionate Engines shows that our best understanding of emotion has important implications for understanding intentionality, rationality, phenomenal consciousness, artificial intelligence, and other issues. Some theories of mind, of action, and of moral psychology, and some approaches in artificial intelligence, are shown to be inconsistent with our best understanding of emotions. However, our best understanding of emotions also suggests fruitful new approaches to the challenges of these disciplines. There are three additional themes. First, the book introduces a version of a theory of some emotions called the affect program theory. This theory is defended against social constructionist and cognitivist views of emotion, and shown to be able to account for the rationality of emotions and our ability to emote for fictions. Second, the book defends the hierarchical view of mind. Part of this view is the thesis that the primary topic of the study of mind and artificial intelligence is autonomy, and not the skills typically associated with intelligence. Third, the book challenges the simplistic associations that naturalism has come to have in much contemporary philosophy of mind, arguing that science typically complicates and enriches, instead of eliminating and reducing, our view of natural phenomena.
Robert E. Goodin
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199547944
- eISBN:
- 9780191720116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547944.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Theory
Constituting the demos — deciding who gets a say, or a vote — is the first task of any democracy, but it is a topic on which democratic theory has surprisingly little to offer. ‘Enfranchising all ...
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Constituting the demos — deciding who gets a say, or a vote — is the first task of any democracy, but it is a topic on which democratic theory has surprisingly little to offer. ‘Enfranchising all affected interests’ is a good start. When unpacked, however, it turns out that the most defensible version of that rule requires us to extend membership in the demos to every interest that would probably be affected by any possible decision arising out of any possible agenda. Given the broad scope of the ‘possible’, that means we ought, in principle, include just about everyone worldwide in the same demos.Less
Constituting the demos — deciding who gets a say, or a vote — is the first task of any democracy, but it is a topic on which democratic theory has surprisingly little to offer. ‘Enfranchising all affected interests’ is a good start. When unpacked, however, it turns out that the most defensible version of that rule requires us to extend membership in the demos to every interest that would probably be affected by any possible decision arising out of any possible agenda. Given the broad scope of the ‘possible’, that means we ought, in principle, include just about everyone worldwide in the same demos.
Chun Wei Choo
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195176780
- eISBN:
- 9780199789634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195176780.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
This chapter surveys the research in information seeking behavior, defined as the patterns of behavior that people display when they experience information needs, make choices about where and how to ...
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This chapter surveys the research in information seeking behavior, defined as the patterns of behavior that people display when they experience information needs, make choices about where and how to look for information, and reflect or act on the information they see. The chapter examines the influence on sense-making (Dervin), information search process (Kuhlthau), and information use environment (Taylor). It then develops an integrative model that includes the cognitive, affective, and situational dimensions of human information seeking behavior.Less
This chapter surveys the research in information seeking behavior, defined as the patterns of behavior that people display when they experience information needs, make choices about where and how to look for information, and reflect or act on the information they see. The chapter examines the influence on sense-making (Dervin), information search process (Kuhlthau), and information use environment (Taylor). It then develops an integrative model that includes the cognitive, affective, and situational dimensions of human information seeking behavior.
Marc Benamou
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195189438
- eISBN:
- 9780199864232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189438.003.0003
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
Chapter 3 focuses on only one of the meanings of rasa identified in chapter 2, namely, “musical affect, ” or rasa gendhing. It thus leaves aside other dimensions of the concept and investigates the ...
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Chapter 3 focuses on only one of the meanings of rasa identified in chapter 2, namely, “musical affect, ” or rasa gendhing. It thus leaves aside other dimensions of the concept and investigates the range of rasas that may be expressed musically, as well as how they may be combined into a piece. To understand this panoply more fully, we must in turn ask how the various musical affects are related to each other—in other words, how the rasa lexicon is structured into intersecting categories. An important point that emerges as rasas are mapped into shifting constellations of relatedness, is just how paramount connotative meaning is. Like chapter 2, then, this chapter is mainly semantic in nature.Less
Chapter 3 focuses on only one of the meanings of rasa identified in chapter 2, namely, “musical affect, ” or rasa gendhing. It thus leaves aside other dimensions of the concept and investigates the range of rasas that may be expressed musically, as well as how they may be combined into a piece. To understand this panoply more fully, we must in turn ask how the various musical affects are related to each other—in other words, how the rasa lexicon is structured into intersecting categories. An important point that emerges as rasas are mapped into shifting constellations of relatedness, is just how paramount connotative meaning is. Like chapter 2, then, this chapter is mainly semantic in nature.
Benjamin D Koen
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195367744
- eISBN:
- 9780199867295
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367744.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
Chapter 6 details a power-laden and affective symbol, metaphor, poetic and musical sign in Pamir culture that is central to concepts of health and healing. This is done through poetic and musical ...
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Chapter 6 details a power-laden and affective symbol, metaphor, poetic and musical sign in Pamir culture that is central to concepts of health and healing. This is done through poetic and musical analysis that shows the pervasiveness and centrality of this local sign, which is manifest in local belief, the natural and built environment, and the musical and poetic structure of maddâh devotional music. A physiological experiment that was conducted in the context of maddâh ritual performance is presented and statistical data analyzed and interpreted showing a significant downward modulation of systolic blood pressure at p-value of .0003. Further, the culture-transcendent aspects are applied in another research project in the U.S. among a culturally diverse group of people (ages 18-85) where participants learn to create health, healing, or transformation through practices of music, sound, vocalization, and meditation. The GAP — Guided Attention Practice is presented as part of this latter research project.Less
Chapter 6 details a power-laden and affective symbol, metaphor, poetic and musical sign in Pamir culture that is central to concepts of health and healing. This is done through poetic and musical analysis that shows the pervasiveness and centrality of this local sign, which is manifest in local belief, the natural and built environment, and the musical and poetic structure of maddâh devotional music. A physiological experiment that was conducted in the context of maddâh ritual performance is presented and statistical data analyzed and interpreted showing a significant downward modulation of systolic blood pressure at p-value of .0003. Further, the culture-transcendent aspects are applied in another research project in the U.S. among a culturally diverse group of people (ages 18-85) where participants learn to create health, healing, or transformation through practices of music, sound, vocalization, and meditation. The GAP — Guided Attention Practice is presented as part of this latter research project.
Craig T. Borowiak
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199778256
- eISBN:
- 9780199919086
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778256.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
This chapter turns to deliberative democracy frameworks to further expand the meaning of accountability beyond instrumental and disciplinary approaches and to raise questions about institutional ...
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This chapter turns to deliberative democracy frameworks to further expand the meaning of accountability beyond instrumental and disciplinary approaches and to raise questions about institutional exclusions at local, national, and transnational levels. For deliberative democrats, accountability is not only about exerting control, it is also about justifying behavior: Accountability means answerability. Having to answer in deliberative publics for the consequences and rationales of one’s actions has transformative potential. It enhances the probability of realizing justice and of finding common ground. Deliberative accountability also places pressure upon the boundaries of political communities, including national ones, and demands that those whose actions affect others be compelled to justify their actions to all those affected. This all-affected principle provides considerable normative leverage against exclusive political communities, but it also poses creates impossible inclusion demands. The chapter argues that the ensuing tension should offer an opening for critical theory, a prod for innovation, and a lesson about the need for institutional humility.Less
This chapter turns to deliberative democracy frameworks to further expand the meaning of accountability beyond instrumental and disciplinary approaches and to raise questions about institutional exclusions at local, national, and transnational levels. For deliberative democrats, accountability is not only about exerting control, it is also about justifying behavior: Accountability means answerability. Having to answer in deliberative publics for the consequences and rationales of one’s actions has transformative potential. It enhances the probability of realizing justice and of finding common ground. Deliberative accountability also places pressure upon the boundaries of political communities, including national ones, and demands that those whose actions affect others be compelled to justify their actions to all those affected. This all-affected principle provides considerable normative leverage against exclusive political communities, but it also poses creates impossible inclusion demands. The chapter argues that the ensuing tension should offer an opening for critical theory, a prod for innovation, and a lesson about the need for institutional humility.
Christopher Janaway
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199279692
- eISBN:
- 9780191707407
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279692.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter argues that Nietzsche is a naturalist in the sense that he is committed to a species of theorizing that explains phenomena by locating their causes, where the explanation is not ...
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This chapter argues that Nietzsche is a naturalist in the sense that he is committed to a species of theorizing that explains phenomena by locating their causes, where the explanation is not falsified by science. Brian Leiter's interpretation of a ‘results continuity’ and ‘methods continuity’ with science is argued to overstate Nietzsche's attachment to science. Nietzsche's criticisms of Rée's attempt at a genealogy of morality are examined. The would-be scientific impersonality of Rée is a chief criticism. The chapter centres on the thesis that for Nietzsche, engagement of the investigator's own affects is essential to his genealogical enterprise, both because the true causal factors underlying moral attitudes are inherited affects, and because genealogy's further aim is to encourage us to ‘feel differently’. Nietzsche's complaints against the ineffectiveness of cool, impersonal detachment as a method of enquiry show a lack of continuity with science as he sees it.Less
This chapter argues that Nietzsche is a naturalist in the sense that he is committed to a species of theorizing that explains phenomena by locating their causes, where the explanation is not falsified by science. Brian Leiter's interpretation of a ‘results continuity’ and ‘methods continuity’ with science is argued to overstate Nietzsche's attachment to science. Nietzsche's criticisms of Rée's attempt at a genealogy of morality are examined. The would-be scientific impersonality of Rée is a chief criticism. The chapter centres on the thesis that for Nietzsche, engagement of the investigator's own affects is essential to his genealogical enterprise, both because the true causal factors underlying moral attitudes are inherited affects, and because genealogy's further aim is to encourage us to ‘feel differently’. Nietzsche's complaints against the ineffectiveness of cool, impersonal detachment as a method of enquiry show a lack of continuity with science as he sees it.
Christopher Janaway
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199279692
- eISBN:
- 9780191707407
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279692.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter considers Nietzsche's use of broadly artistic methods in pursuit of his psychological aims of revealing the origins of moral attitudes and a revaluation of values: his rhetorical ...
More
This chapter considers Nietzsche's use of broadly artistic methods in pursuit of his psychological aims of revealing the origins of moral attitudes and a revaluation of values: his rhetorical devices, concern for linguistic texture, evaluation of his works in terms of mood and tempo, and provocation of the reader's affects. Given his hypothesis that moral attitudes have their origin primarily in inherited affects, his way of writing is argued to be intrinsic to his aims. In the depiction of slaves and nobles in Genealogy I, Nietzsche's text provokes ambivalent emotional responses to both. In section 14 of Genealogy I there is a comic portrayal of ‘Mr. Rash and Curious’ who witnesses an imaginary creation of the Christian values ‘good’ and ‘evil’. It is argued that this passage provokes disgust at the suppressed aggression that motivates these values, harnessing a disgust for aggression prompted earlier by our reaction to the nobles.Less
This chapter considers Nietzsche's use of broadly artistic methods in pursuit of his psychological aims of revealing the origins of moral attitudes and a revaluation of values: his rhetorical devices, concern for linguistic texture, evaluation of his works in terms of mood and tempo, and provocation of the reader's affects. Given his hypothesis that moral attitudes have their origin primarily in inherited affects, his way of writing is argued to be intrinsic to his aims. In the depiction of slaves and nobles in Genealogy I, Nietzsche's text provokes ambivalent emotional responses to both. In section 14 of Genealogy I there is a comic portrayal of ‘Mr. Rash and Curious’ who witnesses an imaginary creation of the Christian values ‘good’ and ‘evil’. It is argued that this passage provokes disgust at the suppressed aggression that motivates these values, harnessing a disgust for aggression prompted earlier by our reaction to the nobles.
