Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374049
- eISBN:
- 9780199871889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374049.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
The top‐down and bottom‐up approaches to artificial moral agents emphasize the importance in ethics of the ability to reason. However, much of the recent empirical literature on moral psychology ...
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The top‐down and bottom‐up approaches to artificial moral agents emphasize the importance in ethics of the ability to reason. However, much of the recent empirical literature on moral psychology emphasizes faculties besides rationality. Emotions, empathy, sociability, semantic understanding, and consciousness are all important to human moral decision making, but it remains an open question whether these will be essential to artificial moral agents and, if so, whether they can be implemented in machines. This chapter surveys the cutting‐edge scientific investigation in the areas of affective computing and embodied cognition that is aimed at providing computers and robots with the kinds of supra‐rational capacities underlying those social skills which may be essential for sophisticated human‐computer interaction.Less
The top‐down and bottom‐up approaches to artificial moral agents emphasize the importance in ethics of the ability to reason. However, much of the recent empirical literature on moral psychology emphasizes faculties besides rationality. Emotions, empathy, sociability, semantic understanding, and consciousness are all important to human moral decision making, but it remains an open question whether these will be essential to artificial moral agents and, if so, whether they can be implemented in machines. This chapter surveys the cutting‐edge scientific investigation in the areas of affective computing and embodied cognition that is aimed at providing computers and robots with the kinds of supra‐rational capacities underlying those social skills which may be essential for sophisticated human‐computer interaction.
Rosalind W. Picard and Adolfo Plasencia
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262036016
- eISBN:
- 9780262339308
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262036016.003.0023
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
In this dialogue, the scientist Rosalind W. Picard from MIT Media Lab begins by explaining why the expression "Affective computing" is not an oxymoron, and describes how they are trying to bridge the ...
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In this dialogue, the scientist Rosalind W. Picard from MIT Media Lab begins by explaining why the expression "Affective computing" is not an oxymoron, and describes how they are trying to bridge the gap between information systems and human emotions in her laboratory. She details how they are attempting to give computers and digital machines better abilities so that they can “see” the emotions of their users, and outlines what a machine would have to be like to pass the Turing ‘emotions’ test. Rosalind goes on to describe why emotion is part of all communication, even when the communication itself might not explicitly have emotion in it, arguing that consciousness also involves feelings that cannot be expressed and why emotional experience is an essential part of the normal functioning of the conscious system. Later she outlines her research in affective computing, where they managed to measure signals using a sensor that responds to some human emotion or feelings, and explains how technology can become a sort of ‘affective prosthesis’ to help the disabled, and people with difficulties, in understanding and handling emotions.Less
In this dialogue, the scientist Rosalind W. Picard from MIT Media Lab begins by explaining why the expression "Affective computing" is not an oxymoron, and describes how they are trying to bridge the gap between information systems and human emotions in her laboratory. She details how they are attempting to give computers and digital machines better abilities so that they can “see” the emotions of their users, and outlines what a machine would have to be like to pass the Turing ‘emotions’ test. Rosalind goes on to describe why emotion is part of all communication, even when the communication itself might not explicitly have emotion in it, arguing that consciousness also involves feelings that cannot be expressed and why emotional experience is an essential part of the normal functioning of the conscious system. Later she outlines her research in affective computing, where they managed to measure signals using a sensor that responds to some human emotion or feelings, and explains how technology can become a sort of ‘affective prosthesis’ to help the disabled, and people with difficulties, in understanding and handling emotions.
Susan Kozel
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262113106
- eISBN:
- 9780262277563
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262113106.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This book draws on live performance practice, digital technologies, and the philosophical approach of phenomenology. The human body is placed at the center of explorations of interactive interfaces, ...
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This book draws on live performance practice, digital technologies, and the philosophical approach of phenomenology. The human body is placed at the center of explorations of interactive interfaces, responsive systems, and affective computing. The author asks what can be discovered as we become closer to our computers—as they become extensions of our ways of thinking, moving, and touching. Performance can act as a catalyst for understanding wider social and cultural uses of digital technology. Taking this one step further, performative acts of sharing the body through our digital devices foster a collaborative construction of new physical states, levels of conscious awareness, and even ethics. We reencounter ourselves and others through our interactive computer systems. What we need now are conceptual and methodological frameworks to reflect this. The book offers a reworking of the phenomenology of French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty. This method, based on a respect for lived experience, begins by listening to the senses and noting insights that arrive in the midst of dance, or quite simply in the midst of life. The combination of performance and phenomenology yields entwinements between experience and reflection that shed light on, problematize, or restructure scholarly approaches to human bodies using digital technologies. After outlining her approach and methodology and clarifying the key concepts of performance, technologies, and virtuality, the author applies the phenomenological method to the experience of designing and performing in a range of computational systems: telematics, motion capture, responsive architectures, and wearable computing.Less
This book draws on live performance practice, digital technologies, and the philosophical approach of phenomenology. The human body is placed at the center of explorations of interactive interfaces, responsive systems, and affective computing. The author asks what can be discovered as we become closer to our computers—as they become extensions of our ways of thinking, moving, and touching. Performance can act as a catalyst for understanding wider social and cultural uses of digital technology. Taking this one step further, performative acts of sharing the body through our digital devices foster a collaborative construction of new physical states, levels of conscious awareness, and even ethics. We reencounter ourselves and others through our interactive computer systems. What we need now are conceptual and methodological frameworks to reflect this. The book offers a reworking of the phenomenology of French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty. This method, based on a respect for lived experience, begins by listening to the senses and noting insights that arrive in the midst of dance, or quite simply in the midst of life. The combination of performance and phenomenology yields entwinements between experience and reflection that shed light on, problematize, or restructure scholarly approaches to human bodies using digital technologies. After outlining her approach and methodology and clarifying the key concepts of performance, technologies, and virtuality, the author applies the phenomenological method to the experience of designing and performing in a range of computational systems: telematics, motion capture, responsive architectures, and wearable computing.
Lola Cañamero and Philippe Gaussier
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198528845
- eISBN:
- 9780191689567
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528845.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter introduces a new research area called affective computing, focusing on the use of robotics in investigating human emotions. This chapter discusses autonomous robots and explains how they ...
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This chapter introduces a new research area called affective computing, focusing on the use of robotics in investigating human emotions. This chapter discusses autonomous robots and explains how they can be used as meaningful tools and models for the study of emotions. Autonomous robots are particularly suited to study two fundamental aspects of emotions: (1) adaptation to environment and behavioural control; and (2) social interaction and communication.Less
This chapter introduces a new research area called affective computing, focusing on the use of robotics in investigating human emotions. This chapter discusses autonomous robots and explains how they can be used as meaningful tools and models for the study of emotions. Autonomous robots are particularly suited to study two fundamental aspects of emotions: (1) adaptation to environment and behavioural control; and (2) social interaction and communication.
Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780195387643
- eISBN:
- 9780199369195
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387643.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Models and Architectures, Cognitive Psychology
Motion profoundly shapes human social interactions. Researchers across a surprising diversity of scientific and technical fields are attempting to measure, understand and possibly harness the impact ...
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Motion profoundly shapes human social interactions. Researchers across a surprising diversity of scientific and technical fields are attempting to measure, understand and possibly harness the impact emotion’s role in shaping interactions between people and between people and technology. Concepts like rapport, emotional contagion or emergent emotions presuppose people rapidly detect nonverbal affective cues, make inferences about the other party’s mental state, and respond in ways that jointly shape the success or failure of social interactions. Recent advances in artificial intelligence are allowing computer systems to engage in this nonverbal dance, on the one hand opening a wealth of possibilities for human-machine systems, and on the other, creating powerful new tools for behavioral science research. This book reports on the state-of-the-art in both social science theory and computational methods, and illustrates how these two fields, together, can both facilitate and illuminate human social processes. The book has several aims: • Present current social science theories of social emotions from cognitive, biological, social and developmental perspectives • Strengthen the theoretical foundation for building computational systems that co-construct emotional trajectories with human participants • Discuss computational models of social cognition that can represent and reason about the evolving relationship between interaction partners • Present the current and future potential of sensing technology to reliably detect and classify affective nonverbal cues • Discuss the potential of computational methods as tools for empirical research into human transactional processes • Consider methodological approaches for assessing the social consequences of socio-emotional systems Less
Motion profoundly shapes human social interactions. Researchers across a surprising diversity of scientific and technical fields are attempting to measure, understand and possibly harness the impact emotion’s role in shaping interactions between people and between people and technology. Concepts like rapport, emotional contagion or emergent emotions presuppose people rapidly detect nonverbal affective cues, make inferences about the other party’s mental state, and respond in ways that jointly shape the success or failure of social interactions. Recent advances in artificial intelligence are allowing computer systems to engage in this nonverbal dance, on the one hand opening a wealth of possibilities for human-machine systems, and on the other, creating powerful new tools for behavioral science research. This book reports on the state-of-the-art in both social science theory and computational methods, and illustrates how these two fields, together, can both facilitate and illuminate human social processes. The book has several aims: • Present current social science theories of social emotions from cognitive, biological, social and developmental perspectives • Strengthen the theoretical foundation for building computational systems that co-construct emotional trajectories with human participants • Discuss computational models of social cognition that can represent and reason about the evolving relationship between interaction partners • Present the current and future potential of sensing technology to reliably detect and classify affective nonverbal cues • Discuss the potential of computational methods as tools for empirical research into human transactional processes • Consider methodological approaches for assessing the social consequences of socio-emotional systems
Carlos Busso, Murtaza Bulut, and Shrikanth Narayanan
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780195387643
- eISBN:
- 9780199369195
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387643.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Models and Architectures, Cognitive Psychology
Speech is arguably the most important expressive communication modality. It conveys emotional cues that are essential for enriching descriptions of human and interaction and for enabling human ...
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Speech is arguably the most important expressive communication modality. It conveys emotional cues that are essential for enriching descriptions of human and interaction and for enabling human computer interfaces that can facilitate a natural and pleasant interaction. This chapter addresses the main aspects that need to be considered in designing an effective automatic speech emotion recognition (EASER) system. It describes the challenges in collecting databases and annotating the underlying emotional content, summarizes the commonly used acoustic features, feature selection techniques, and the data normalization methods used in the field. It also describes machine learning algorithms useful for recognizing emotions expressed in speech. Building upon current advances and insights gained therein, the chapter presents open challenges that remain in designing robust emotion recognition systems.Less
Speech is arguably the most important expressive communication modality. It conveys emotional cues that are essential for enriching descriptions of human and interaction and for enabling human computer interfaces that can facilitate a natural and pleasant interaction. This chapter addresses the main aspects that need to be considered in designing an effective automatic speech emotion recognition (EASER) system. It describes the challenges in collecting databases and annotating the underlying emotional content, summarizes the commonly used acoustic features, feature selection techniques, and the data normalization methods used in the field. It also describes machine learning algorithms useful for recognizing emotions expressed in speech. Building upon current advances and insights gained therein, the chapter presents open challenges that remain in designing robust emotion recognition systems.
