Louise Settle
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781474400008
- eISBN:
- 9781474422543
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400008.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
Sex for Sale in Scotland examines the various formal and informal methods that were used to police female prostitution in Edinburgh and Glasgow between 1900 and 1939 and explores how these policies ...
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Sex for Sale in Scotland examines the various formal and informal methods that were used to police female prostitution in Edinburgh and Glasgow between 1900 and 1939 and explores how these policies influenced women’s lives. The book uses a rich combination of police, probation, magistrates’, poor law and voluntary organisations’ records to demonstrate how these organisations worked together to establish a more ‘penal-welfare’ approach towards regulating prostitution in Scotland. By mapping the geography of prostitution, the book argues that prostitution was not necessarily forced into the outskirts of society, either physically or socially.
The book examines both indoor and outdoor prostitution and the relationships that developed among the wide range of people who profited from commercial sex. Particular emphasis is placed on the experiences of the women involved in prostitution, highlighting the poverty, exploitation and abuse they faced, but also the ways in which they negotiated these dangers. This social history of prostitution maps how the organisation, policing and experiences of prostitution developed in an ever-changing urban landscape during a period of extraordinary developments in technology and entertainment, alongside the wider socio-economic changes brought about by the First World War.Less
Sex for Sale in Scotland examines the various formal and informal methods that were used to police female prostitution in Edinburgh and Glasgow between 1900 and 1939 and explores how these policies influenced women’s lives. The book uses a rich combination of police, probation, magistrates’, poor law and voluntary organisations’ records to demonstrate how these organisations worked together to establish a more ‘penal-welfare’ approach towards regulating prostitution in Scotland. By mapping the geography of prostitution, the book argues that prostitution was not necessarily forced into the outskirts of society, either physically or socially.
The book examines both indoor and outdoor prostitution and the relationships that developed among the wide range of people who profited from commercial sex. Particular emphasis is placed on the experiences of the women involved in prostitution, highlighting the poverty, exploitation and abuse they faced, but also the ways in which they negotiated these dangers. This social history of prostitution maps how the organisation, policing and experiences of prostitution developed in an ever-changing urban landscape during a period of extraordinary developments in technology and entertainment, alongside the wider socio-economic changes brought about by the First World War.
Geoff Pearson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719087219
- eISBN:
- 9781781706145
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087219.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This is an ethnographic account of English football fans who travel home and away with their team, based upon sixteen years’ participant observation. The author identifies a distinct sub-culture of ...
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This is an ethnographic account of English football fans who travel home and away with their team, based upon sixteen years’ participant observation. The author identifies a distinct sub-culture of supporter – the ‘carnival fan’ – who dominated the travelling support of the three clubs observed - Manchester United, Blackpool and the England national team. This accessible account follows these groups home and abroad, describing their interpretations, motivations and behaviour and challenging a number of the myths about ‘hooliganism’ and crowd control. An Ethnography of English Football Fans identifies the primary motivation of these fan groups to be the creation of a carnival – a period of transgression from the norms of everyday life based upon congregating in groups, alcohol consumption, humour and tomfoolery, and expressions of identity. In achieving these aims, the fan groups were frequently brought into conflict with the football authorities, police and ‘hooligan’ groups and this account includes explanations of some of the most serious instances of crowd disorder involving English fans in the last two decades. The book also looks at issues such as attitudes to gender, sexuality and race, and the impact of technology upon football fandom.Less
This is an ethnographic account of English football fans who travel home and away with their team, based upon sixteen years’ participant observation. The author identifies a distinct sub-culture of supporter – the ‘carnival fan’ – who dominated the travelling support of the three clubs observed - Manchester United, Blackpool and the England national team. This accessible account follows these groups home and abroad, describing their interpretations, motivations and behaviour and challenging a number of the myths about ‘hooliganism’ and crowd control. An Ethnography of English Football Fans identifies the primary motivation of these fan groups to be the creation of a carnival – a period of transgression from the norms of everyday life based upon congregating in groups, alcohol consumption, humour and tomfoolery, and expressions of identity. In achieving these aims, the fan groups were frequently brought into conflict with the football authorities, police and ‘hooligan’ groups and this account includes explanations of some of the most serious instances of crowd disorder involving English fans in the last two decades. The book also looks at issues such as attitudes to gender, sexuality and race, and the impact of technology upon football fandom.
Steven Marans and Miriam Berkman
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195159226
- eISBN:
- 9780199893843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195159226.003.0027
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health, Communities and Organizations
The Child Development-Community Policing program (CDCP) is an innovative collaboration between police and child mental health professionals that aims to co-ordinate clinical approaches to ...
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The Child Development-Community Policing program (CDCP) is an innovative collaboration between police and child mental health professionals that aims to co-ordinate clinical approaches to intervention for children exposed to or involved in violence with police activities that contain the external sources of danger in the child's world. This chapter describes the theory and practice of CDCP and the impact of this unusual interdisciplinary partnership on the delivery of policing, mental health, and other social services for children and families exposed to violence and trauma.Less
The Child Development-Community Policing program (CDCP) is an innovative collaboration between police and child mental health professionals that aims to co-ordinate clinical approaches to intervention for children exposed to or involved in violence with police activities that contain the external sources of danger in the child's world. This chapter describes the theory and practice of CDCP and the impact of this unusual interdisciplinary partnership on the delivery of policing, mental health, and other social services for children and families exposed to violence and trauma.
Matthew Lockwood
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300217063
- eISBN:
- 9780300227864
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300217063.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The Conquest of Death considers the concepts of violence and state power far more broadly and holistically than previous accounts of state growth by intertwining the national and the local, the ...
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The Conquest of Death considers the concepts of violence and state power far more broadly and holistically than previous accounts of state growth by intertwining the national and the local, the formal and the informal to illustrate how the management of incidental acts of violence and justice was as important to the monopolization of violence as the creation of the machinery of warfare. It reveals how the creation and operation of everyday bureaucracy built systems of power far exceeding its original intent and allowed a greater centralized surveillance of daily life than ever before. In sum, this book forces us to think about state formation not in terms of the broad strokes of legislative policy and international competition, but rather as a process built by multiple tiny actions, interactions and encroachments which fundamentally redefined the nature of the state and the relationship between government and governed. The Conquest of Death thus provides a new approach to the history of state formation, the history of criminal justice and the history of violence in early modern England. By locating the creation of an effective, permanent monopoly of violence in England in the second-half of the sixteenth century, this book also provides a new chronology of the divide between medieval and modern while divorcing the history of state growth from a linear history of centralization.Less
The Conquest of Death considers the concepts of violence and state power far more broadly and holistically than previous accounts of state growth by intertwining the national and the local, the formal and the informal to illustrate how the management of incidental acts of violence and justice was as important to the monopolization of violence as the creation of the machinery of warfare. It reveals how the creation and operation of everyday bureaucracy built systems of power far exceeding its original intent and allowed a greater centralized surveillance of daily life than ever before. In sum, this book forces us to think about state formation not in terms of the broad strokes of legislative policy and international competition, but rather as a process built by multiple tiny actions, interactions and encroachments which fundamentally redefined the nature of the state and the relationship between government and governed. The Conquest of Death thus provides a new approach to the history of state formation, the history of criminal justice and the history of violence in early modern England. By locating the creation of an effective, permanent monopoly of violence in England in the second-half of the sixteenth century, this book also provides a new chronology of the divide between medieval and modern while divorcing the history of state growth from a linear history of centralization.
Jan Beek, Mirco Göpfert, Olly Owen, and Johnny Steinberg (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190676636
- eISBN:
- 9780190872625
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190676636.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Organizations
State police forces in Africa are a curiously neglected subject of study, even within the framework of security issues and African states. This book brings together criminologists, anthropologists, ...
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State police forces in Africa are a curiously neglected subject of study, even within the framework of security issues and African states. This book brings together criminologists, anthropologists, sociologists, historians, political scientists and others who have engaged with police forces across the continent and the publics with whom they interact to provide street-level perspectives from below and inside Africa’s police forces. The contributors consider historical trajectories and particular configurations of police power within wider political systems, then examine the ‘inside view’ of police forces as state institutions – the challenges, preoccupations, professional ethics and self-perceptions of police officers – and finally look at how African police officers go about their work in terms of everyday practices and engagements with the public.The studies span the continent, from South Africa to Sierra Leone, and illustrate similarities and differences in Anglophone, Francophone and Lusophone states, post-socialist, post-military and post-conflict contexts, and amid both centralizsation and devolution of policing powers, democratic transitions and new illiberal regimes, all the while keeping a strong ethnographic focus on police officers and their work.Less
State police forces in Africa are a curiously neglected subject of study, even within the framework of security issues and African states. This book brings together criminologists, anthropologists, sociologists, historians, political scientists and others who have engaged with police forces across the continent and the publics with whom they interact to provide street-level perspectives from below and inside Africa’s police forces. The contributors consider historical trajectories and particular configurations of police power within wider political systems, then examine the ‘inside view’ of police forces as state institutions – the challenges, preoccupations, professional ethics and self-perceptions of police officers – and finally look at how African police officers go about their work in terms of everyday practices and engagements with the public.The studies span the continent, from South Africa to Sierra Leone, and illustrate similarities and differences in Anglophone, Francophone and Lusophone states, post-socialist, post-military and post-conflict contexts, and amid both centralizsation and devolution of policing powers, democratic transitions and new illiberal regimes, all the while keeping a strong ethnographic focus on police officers and their work.
Gilda L. Ochoa
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816687398
- eISBN:
- 9781452948898
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816687398.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Academic Profiling focuses on the schooling experiences and relationships between the two fastest growing groups in the United States—Asian Americans and Latinas/os. At a time when politicians and ...
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Academic Profiling focuses on the schooling experiences and relationships between the two fastest growing groups in the United States—Asian Americans and Latinas/os. At a time when politicians and pundits debate the sources of an achievement gap, Academic Profiling turns our attention to students, teachers, and parents to learn about the opportunity and social gaps within schools. In candid and at times heart-wrenching detail, students in a California public high school share stories of support and neglect on their paths to graduation. Separated by unequal middle schools and curriculum tracking, students are divided by race/ethnicity, class, and gender. While those in an International Baccalaureate Program boast about socratic classes and stress release-sessions, students outside of such programs bemoan unengaged teaching and inaccessible counselors. Labeled “the elite,” “regular,” “smart,” or “stupid,” students encounter differential policing and assumptions based on their abilities. These disparities are compounded by the growth in the private tutoring industry where wealthier families can afford to spend thousands of dollars to enhance their children’s opportunities, furthering an accumulation of privileges. However, in spite of the entrenchment of inequality in today’s schools, Academic Profiling uncovers multiple forms of resilience and the ways that students and teachers are affirming identities, creating alternative spaces, and fostering critical consciousness. As the story of this California high school unfolds, we also learn about the possibilities and limits of change when Gilda L. Ochoa shares the research findings with the high school.Less
Academic Profiling focuses on the schooling experiences and relationships between the two fastest growing groups in the United States—Asian Americans and Latinas/os. At a time when politicians and pundits debate the sources of an achievement gap, Academic Profiling turns our attention to students, teachers, and parents to learn about the opportunity and social gaps within schools. In candid and at times heart-wrenching detail, students in a California public high school share stories of support and neglect on their paths to graduation. Separated by unequal middle schools and curriculum tracking, students are divided by race/ethnicity, class, and gender. While those in an International Baccalaureate Program boast about socratic classes and stress release-sessions, students outside of such programs bemoan unengaged teaching and inaccessible counselors. Labeled “the elite,” “regular,” “smart,” or “stupid,” students encounter differential policing and assumptions based on their abilities. These disparities are compounded by the growth in the private tutoring industry where wealthier families can afford to spend thousands of dollars to enhance their children’s opportunities, furthering an accumulation of privileges. However, in spite of the entrenchment of inequality in today’s schools, Academic Profiling uncovers multiple forms of resilience and the ways that students and teachers are affirming identities, creating alternative spaces, and fostering critical consciousness. As the story of this California high school unfolds, we also learn about the possibilities and limits of change when Gilda L. Ochoa shares the research findings with the high school.
Geoff Dean, Ivar Fahsing, and Petter Gottschalk
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199578436
- eISBN:
- 9780191807268
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199578436.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
Organised crime in the twenty-first century is a knowledge war that poses an incalculable global threat to the world economy and harm to society — the economic and social costs are estimated at ...
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Organised crime in the twenty-first century is a knowledge war that poses an incalculable global threat to the world economy and harm to society — the economic and social costs are estimated at upwards of £20 billion a year for the UK alone (SOCA 2006/7). This book offers an approach to the tackling of this area by exploring how it works through the conceptual framework of a business enterprise. Structured in three parts, the book progresses systematically through key areas and concepts integral to dealing effectively with the myriad contemporary forms of organised crime and provides insights on where, how and when to disrupt and dismantle a criminal business activity through current policing practices and policies. From the initial set up of a crime business through to the long-term forecasting for growth and profitability, the book dissects and analyses the different phases of the business enterprise and propose a ‘Knowledge-Managed Policing’ approach to criminal entrepreneurialism. Combining conceptual and practical issues, this is a reference for all police professionals, policing academics, and government policy makers who are interested in a strategy-led, intelligence-supported, knowledge-managed approach to policing illegal business entrepreneurialism.Less
Organised crime in the twenty-first century is a knowledge war that poses an incalculable global threat to the world economy and harm to society — the economic and social costs are estimated at upwards of £20 billion a year for the UK alone (SOCA 2006/7). This book offers an approach to the tackling of this area by exploring how it works through the conceptual framework of a business enterprise. Structured in three parts, the book progresses systematically through key areas and concepts integral to dealing effectively with the myriad contemporary forms of organised crime and provides insights on where, how and when to disrupt and dismantle a criminal business activity through current policing practices and policies. From the initial set up of a crime business through to the long-term forecasting for growth and profitability, the book dissects and analyses the different phases of the business enterprise and propose a ‘Knowledge-Managed Policing’ approach to criminal entrepreneurialism. Combining conceptual and practical issues, this is a reference for all police professionals, policing academics, and government policy makers who are interested in a strategy-led, intelligence-supported, knowledge-managed approach to policing illegal business entrepreneurialism.
Desmond Rea and Robin Masefield
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381502
- eISBN:
- 9781781382172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381502.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
The introduction begins with the provision of the 1998 Belfast Agreement in relation to policing and the subsequent Independent Commission on policing for Northern Ireland. It sets out the central ...
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The introduction begins with the provision of the 1998 Belfast Agreement in relation to policing and the subsequent Independent Commission on policing for Northern Ireland. It sets out the central issue tackled in the book as to whether the new beginning to policing, as envisaged in the report of the Independent Commission has indeed been delivered. The introduction credits three other expert contributors to the book – Edgar Jardine, Dr Sydney Elliott and Fraser Sampson each of whom wrote part or all of a chapter. It stresses how the work of the Policing Board positively influenced both the peace and political processes in Northern Ireland. Further, it highlights four themes in the book – representativeness in the police service’s composition, human rights policing, holding a police service effectively to account, and dealing with the legacy of over 3,500 deaths during the Troubles. It notes that the detailed issues relating to and arising from the Police Ombudsman’s investigation of the 1998 Omagh bombing, as well as the Ombudsman’s Office are matters for another book. The introduction records that the book is largely written on the basis of the Policing Board’s papers, and should be seen as a tribute to all who have played a part in the progress of policing over the past 15 years.Less
The introduction begins with the provision of the 1998 Belfast Agreement in relation to policing and the subsequent Independent Commission on policing for Northern Ireland. It sets out the central issue tackled in the book as to whether the new beginning to policing, as envisaged in the report of the Independent Commission has indeed been delivered. The introduction credits three other expert contributors to the book – Edgar Jardine, Dr Sydney Elliott and Fraser Sampson each of whom wrote part or all of a chapter. It stresses how the work of the Policing Board positively influenced both the peace and political processes in Northern Ireland. Further, it highlights four themes in the book – representativeness in the police service’s composition, human rights policing, holding a police service effectively to account, and dealing with the legacy of over 3,500 deaths during the Troubles. It notes that the detailed issues relating to and arising from the Police Ombudsman’s investigation of the 1998 Omagh bombing, as well as the Ombudsman’s Office are matters for another book. The introduction records that the book is largely written on the basis of the Policing Board’s papers, and should be seen as a tribute to all who have played a part in the progress of policing over the past 15 years.
Desmond Rea and Robin Masefield
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381502
- eISBN:
- 9781781382172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381502.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter summarises the report of the Independent Commission on Policing chaired by Lord Patten, published in September 1999. It explains the significance of the report for the subsequent ...
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This chapter summarises the report of the Independent Commission on Policing chaired by Lord Patten, published in September 1999. It explains the significance of the report for the subsequent transformation of policing in Northern Ireland. It sets out the key elements to what was seen as the new beginning for policing in Northern Ireland including human rights policing, accountability to be delivered through the new Policing Board, District Policing Partnerships, policing with the community, human resource issues including 50:50 recruitment, culture, ethos and symbols. The chapter notes the choice of title Policing Board as providing a wider responsibility than just overseeing the Police. The chapter concludes with reflections on the report.Less
This chapter summarises the report of the Independent Commission on Policing chaired by Lord Patten, published in September 1999. It explains the significance of the report for the subsequent transformation of policing in Northern Ireland. It sets out the key elements to what was seen as the new beginning for policing in Northern Ireland including human rights policing, accountability to be delivered through the new Policing Board, District Policing Partnerships, policing with the community, human resource issues including 50:50 recruitment, culture, ethos and symbols. The chapter notes the choice of title Policing Board as providing a wider responsibility than just overseeing the Police. The chapter concludes with reflections on the report.
Desmond Rea and Robin Masefield
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381502
- eISBN:
- 9781781382172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381502.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter details the process for the appointments to the first Policing Board established in autumn 2001, and subsequent reconstitutions. It sets out the job description for the nine independent ...
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This chapter details the process for the appointments to the first Policing Board established in autumn 2001, and subsequent reconstitutions. It sets out the job description for the nine independent members and the delay in the process. The composition of the first Board, including the chair Desmond Rea and vice-chair Denis Bradley, is listed. The chair’s statement at the first public session of the Board is quoted in full, and other matters at that meeting are summarised. The subsequent reconstitutions of March 2006, May 2007 (when Sinn Fein took membership of the Board for the first time) and May 2009 are described. The chapter notes that the Board’s Unionist members were opposed to the implementation of key aspects of the Patter report, and concludes that strength of the Board was the composition of independent members alongside political ones.Less
This chapter details the process for the appointments to the first Policing Board established in autumn 2001, and subsequent reconstitutions. It sets out the job description for the nine independent members and the delay in the process. The composition of the first Board, including the chair Desmond Rea and vice-chair Denis Bradley, is listed. The chair’s statement at the first public session of the Board is quoted in full, and other matters at that meeting are summarised. The subsequent reconstitutions of March 2006, May 2007 (when Sinn Fein took membership of the Board for the first time) and May 2009 are described. The chapter notes that the Board’s Unionist members were opposed to the implementation of key aspects of the Patter report, and concludes that strength of the Board was the composition of independent members alongside political ones.
Desmond Rea and Robin Masefield
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381502
- eISBN:
- 9781781382172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381502.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter addresses the key principle of accountability ie the Policing Board holding the Chief Constable to account for the Police Service of Northern Ireland. It reprises the Commission’s ...
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This chapter addresses the key principle of accountability ie the Policing Board holding the Chief Constable to account for the Police Service of Northern Ireland. It reprises the Commission’s recommendations, noting their use of the term ‘operational responsibility’ meant the Chief Constable should be answerable to the Board for the conduct of any operational matter after the event. The chapter details the provisions in the legislation, including the powers of the Board to require a report on any matters and to instigate an inquiry, and ultimately to call upon any senior officer to retire ‘in the interests of efficiency or effectiveness’. It also brings out the role of the Board in supporting the Service toward the end of effective, efficient and impartial policing. The changes to the legislation made in the subsequent Police (Northern Ireland) Act 2003 are described, as is the tripartite policing structure including the role of the responsible Government Department, and later the impact of Sinn Fein’s joining the Board. The chapter sets out the importance of the Board’s public sessions to display transparent accountability, and includes a number of illustrative examples such as hate crime, crimes against the elderly, anti-social behaviour, drugs and knife crime.Less
This chapter addresses the key principle of accountability ie the Policing Board holding the Chief Constable to account for the Police Service of Northern Ireland. It reprises the Commission’s recommendations, noting their use of the term ‘operational responsibility’ meant the Chief Constable should be answerable to the Board for the conduct of any operational matter after the event. The chapter details the provisions in the legislation, including the powers of the Board to require a report on any matters and to instigate an inquiry, and ultimately to call upon any senior officer to retire ‘in the interests of efficiency or effectiveness’. It also brings out the role of the Board in supporting the Service toward the end of effective, efficient and impartial policing. The changes to the legislation made in the subsequent Police (Northern Ireland) Act 2003 are described, as is the tripartite policing structure including the role of the responsible Government Department, and later the impact of Sinn Fein’s joining the Board. The chapter sets out the importance of the Board’s public sessions to display transparent accountability, and includes a number of illustrative examples such as hate crime, crimes against the elderly, anti-social behaviour, drugs and knife crime.
Desmond Rea and Robin Masefield
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381502
- eISBN:
- 9781781382172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381502.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter focuses on the arrangements that the Policing Board made for going about its work and its communication and consultation with the public, together with a description of a number of ...
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This chapter focuses on the arrangements that the Policing Board made for going about its work and its communication and consultation with the public, together with a description of a number of reviews of the effectiveness of its operation. This includes its committee structure and how that evolved, its corporate plans and its code of conduct. The chapter describes the successive reconstitutions of the Board and the induction arrangements for new members. The chapter details some of the external – and internal – reviews of the Board, beginning with that by the Northern Ireland Affairs Committee in 2004-05, and the independent assessment commissioned by the Board itself in 2005. The reviews in general paid tribute to the effectiveness of the Board, especially at a time when the other political institutions were suspended and the political process was in jeopardy.Less
This chapter focuses on the arrangements that the Policing Board made for going about its work and its communication and consultation with the public, together with a description of a number of reviews of the effectiveness of its operation. This includes its committee structure and how that evolved, its corporate plans and its code of conduct. The chapter describes the successive reconstitutions of the Board and the induction arrangements for new members. The chapter details some of the external – and internal – reviews of the Board, beginning with that by the Northern Ireland Affairs Committee in 2004-05, and the independent assessment commissioned by the Board itself in 2005. The reviews in general paid tribute to the effectiveness of the Board, especially at a time when the other political institutions were suspended and the political process was in jeopardy.
Desmond Rea and Robin Masefield
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381502
- eISBN:
- 9781781382172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381502.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This short chapter deals with the contentious issue of symbolism, in relation to the creation of a new emblem and flag for the PSNI. The Commission’s judgement that the new beginning could not be ...
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This short chapter deals with the contentious issue of symbolism, in relation to the creation of a new emblem and flag for the PSNI. The Commission’s judgement that the new beginning could not be achieved unless the issue of the nationalist community feeling unable to identify with the present name and symbols associated with the police was addressed. The Commission had recommended an emblem free from association with both the British and Irish States. The chapter describes how the Board took ownership of the issue in its very early days, quickly and unanimously reaching a widely-applauded solution that did contain elements of both traditions. It demonstrated what could be achieved across the political spectrum if representatives worked together. The process of introducing the new uniform is also described, again on a timescale that meant the new emblem and uniform were available at 5 April 2002 for the graduation of the first PSNI recruits.Less
This short chapter deals with the contentious issue of symbolism, in relation to the creation of a new emblem and flag for the PSNI. The Commission’s judgement that the new beginning could not be achieved unless the issue of the nationalist community feeling unable to identify with the present name and symbols associated with the police was addressed. The Commission had recommended an emblem free from association with both the British and Irish States. The chapter describes how the Board took ownership of the issue in its very early days, quickly and unanimously reaching a widely-applauded solution that did contain elements of both traditions. It demonstrated what could be achieved across the political spectrum if representatives worked together. The process of introducing the new uniform is also described, again on a timescale that meant the new emblem and uniform were available at 5 April 2002 for the graduation of the first PSNI recruits.
Desmond Rea and Robin Masefield
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381502
- eISBN:
- 9781781382172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381502.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter deals with two main topics both of which were key recommendations of the Independent Commission – the establishment of district policing partnerships (DPPs) and the introduction of ...
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This chapter deals with two main topics both of which were key recommendations of the Independent Commission – the establishment of district policing partnerships (DPPs) and the introduction of policing with the community. It sets out the legislation and the appointment of the first DPPs by the Policing Board (in Northern Ireland’s largest ever public appointment exercise), their roll-out, their work and the support provided to them by the Policing Board, challenges to their members in terms of personal security, and their successive reconstitutions. The second half of the chapter deals with policing with the community which the Commission defined as the police participating in the community and the community participating in its own policing and supporting the police. The chapter again brings out the role of the Board in promoting policing with the community in a variety of ways. It looks at the relationship between DPPs and Community Safety Partnerships and makes comparisons with Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships in England and Wales.Less
This chapter deals with two main topics both of which were key recommendations of the Independent Commission – the establishment of district policing partnerships (DPPs) and the introduction of policing with the community. It sets out the legislation and the appointment of the first DPPs by the Policing Board (in Northern Ireland’s largest ever public appointment exercise), their roll-out, their work and the support provided to them by the Policing Board, challenges to their members in terms of personal security, and their successive reconstitutions. The second half of the chapter deals with policing with the community which the Commission defined as the police participating in the community and the community participating in its own policing and supporting the police. The chapter again brings out the role of the Board in promoting policing with the community in a variety of ways. It looks at the relationship between DPPs and Community Safety Partnerships and makes comparisons with Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships in England and Wales.
Desmond Rea and Robin Masefield
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381502
- eISBN:
- 9781781382172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381502.003.0022
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter starts by addressing two of the fundamental issues – the principles of policing (including those attributed to Sir Robert Peel) and how to hold the police to account, underpinning both ...
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This chapter starts by addressing two of the fundamental issues – the principles of policing (including those attributed to Sir Robert Peel) and how to hold the police to account, underpinning both of which in the views of the authors are consent and public confidence in policing. It then looks at contemporary developments in accountability in Britain (such as the election of Police and Crime Commissioners and the disbandment of the former Police Authorities) and America, pointing up of some of the issues acknowledged by commentators. The chapter summarises the achievements of the Northern Ireland Policing Board, and briefly reprises the key findings in the earlier chapters in this regard. The book concludes with a tribute to the many who have helped contribute to the delivery of the new beginning of policing in Northern Ireland, paying particular tribute to the members and staff of the Policing Board.Less
This chapter starts by addressing two of the fundamental issues – the principles of policing (including those attributed to Sir Robert Peel) and how to hold the police to account, underpinning both of which in the views of the authors are consent and public confidence in policing. It then looks at contemporary developments in accountability in Britain (such as the election of Police and Crime Commissioners and the disbandment of the former Police Authorities) and America, pointing up of some of the issues acknowledged by commentators. The chapter summarises the achievements of the Northern Ireland Policing Board, and briefly reprises the key findings in the earlier chapters in this regard. The book concludes with a tribute to the many who have helped contribute to the delivery of the new beginning of policing in Northern Ireland, paying particular tribute to the members and staff of the Policing Board.
Louise Settle
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781474400008
- eISBN:
- 9781474422543
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400008.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This chapter focuses on the ways in which legislation was implemented by the police and magistrates on a day-to-day basis, and the impact police policies had on the regulation and organisation of ...
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This chapter focuses on the ways in which legislation was implemented by the police and magistrates on a day-to-day basis, and the impact police policies had on the regulation and organisation of prostitution. Rather than there being a ‘crack-down’ on prostitution, as was the case in other cities such as London during this period, in Edinburgh and Glasgow the number of arrests and convictions sharply declined. The chapter uses police, magistrates and prison records to explore these trends further and examine the various reasons behind these patterns, including the wider changes in social attitudes towards prostitution and the importance of police chief constables and police officers in shaping the way that individual men and women were treated under the law. In particular, the importance of the Scottish method of using cautions, a system that relied on distinguishing between ‘amateur prostitutes’ and ‘hardened prostitutes’, will be examined. The first half of the chapter begins by examining the policing of street prostitution and the second half explores the policing of brothels and ‘pimps’.Less
This chapter focuses on the ways in which legislation was implemented by the police and magistrates on a day-to-day basis, and the impact police policies had on the regulation and organisation of prostitution. Rather than there being a ‘crack-down’ on prostitution, as was the case in other cities such as London during this period, in Edinburgh and Glasgow the number of arrests and convictions sharply declined. The chapter uses police, magistrates and prison records to explore these trends further and examine the various reasons behind these patterns, including the wider changes in social attitudes towards prostitution and the importance of police chief constables and police officers in shaping the way that individual men and women were treated under the law. In particular, the importance of the Scottish method of using cautions, a system that relied on distinguishing between ‘amateur prostitutes’ and ‘hardened prostitutes’, will be examined. The first half of the chapter begins by examining the policing of street prostitution and the second half explores the policing of brothels and ‘pimps’.
Stefano Bonino
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781474401128
- eISBN:
- 9781474418683
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474401128.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Chapter 10 addresses the emotive subject of forced marriages in one ethnic community in the UK in the context of human trafficking. It highlights that forced marriage entails the abuse and ...
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Chapter 10 addresses the emotive subject of forced marriages in one ethnic community in the UK in the context of human trafficking. It highlights that forced marriage entails the abuse and exploitation of boys and (more often) girls and that efforts to address the issue is fraught with difficulties, not least the often tense relationships between police and minority ethnic communities. The chapter explores how the often transnational nature of this form of human trafficking creates additional problems for policing and that without the involvement of grassroots, community based organisations addressing the issue will remain difficult.Less
Chapter 10 addresses the emotive subject of forced marriages in one ethnic community in the UK in the context of human trafficking. It highlights that forced marriage entails the abuse and exploitation of boys and (more often) girls and that efforts to address the issue is fraught with difficulties, not least the often tense relationships between police and minority ethnic communities. The chapter explores how the often transnational nature of this form of human trafficking creates additional problems for policing and that without the involvement of grassroots, community based organisations addressing the issue will remain difficult.
Geoff Pearson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719087219
- eISBN:
- 9781781706145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087219.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter considers the issue of ‘football hooliganism’ and the differences between carnival fans and hooligans. It problematises the definition of ‘hooligan’, investigating how fans understood ...
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This chapter considers the issue of ‘football hooliganism’ and the differences between carnival fans and hooligans. It problematises the definition of ‘hooligan’, investigating how fans understood the term. It details and accounts for crowd disorder witnessed abroad involving English teams, most notably at Marseilles (1998), Charleroi (2000) and Rome (2007), highlighting the key role of the police in whether disorder occurred and escalated, considering social psychological theory and the ‘elaborated social identity model’. It also investigates fan attitudes to ‘hooligans’ and violence more generally, establishing that there was a continual perceived risk of violence around matches, and a clear set of social rules surrounding when and how violence was acceptable, but that actual instances of inter-personal violence between fan groups from rival teams were rare.Less
This chapter considers the issue of ‘football hooliganism’ and the differences between carnival fans and hooligans. It problematises the definition of ‘hooligan’, investigating how fans understood the term. It details and accounts for crowd disorder witnessed abroad involving English teams, most notably at Marseilles (1998), Charleroi (2000) and Rome (2007), highlighting the key role of the police in whether disorder occurred and escalated, considering social psychological theory and the ‘elaborated social identity model’. It also investigates fan attitudes to ‘hooligans’ and violence more generally, establishing that there was a continual perceived risk of violence around matches, and a clear set of social rules surrounding when and how violence was acceptable, but that actual instances of inter-personal violence between fan groups from rival teams were rare.
Geoff Pearson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719087219
- eISBN:
- 9781781706145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087219.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter considers the relationship between the carnival fan groups and those responsible for crowd management, control and safety. It looks at how fans viewed the police service and how certain ...
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This chapter considers the relationship between the carnival fan groups and those responsible for crowd management, control and safety. It looks at how fans viewed the police service and how certain policing strategies and tactics affected their behaviour, particularly with regard to cooperation with police requests (for example to join police escorts). It also considers the relationship fan groups had with match-day stewards and security staff. Finally the chapter details instances of where research participants and the author were subjected to abusive, indiscriminate and violent action by those in authority.Less
This chapter considers the relationship between the carnival fan groups and those responsible for crowd management, control and safety. It looks at how fans viewed the police service and how certain policing strategies and tactics affected their behaviour, particularly with regard to cooperation with police requests (for example to join police escorts). It also considers the relationship fan groups had with match-day stewards and security staff. Finally the chapter details instances of where research participants and the author were subjected to abusive, indiscriminate and violent action by those in authority.
Geoff Pearson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719087219
- eISBN:
- 9781781706145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087219.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter identities the central importance of alcohol (usually beer) consumption to the carnival fan groups. It considers drug use but does not consider this to be a key driving force for ...
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This chapter identities the central importance of alcohol (usually beer) consumption to the carnival fan groups. It considers drug use but does not consider this to be a key driving force for football fan behaviour in the way that alcohol is. It investigates the link between social alcohol consumption and disorder and looks at how the authorities have tried to restrict access to alcohol at and around matches. It looks at the impact of the Sporting Events (Control of Alcohol) Act 1985, early kick-off times and alcohol prohibitions on transport to matches and in city centres during European away matches. It concludes that for carnival fans such restrictions do not reduce alcohol consumption on match-days but may result in an increased risk of public disorder as a result of the ways in which fan groups resist them.Less
This chapter identities the central importance of alcohol (usually beer) consumption to the carnival fan groups. It considers drug use but does not consider this to be a key driving force for football fan behaviour in the way that alcohol is. It investigates the link between social alcohol consumption and disorder and looks at how the authorities have tried to restrict access to alcohol at and around matches. It looks at the impact of the Sporting Events (Control of Alcohol) Act 1985, early kick-off times and alcohol prohibitions on transport to matches and in city centres during European away matches. It concludes that for carnival fans such restrictions do not reduce alcohol consumption on match-days but may result in an increased risk of public disorder as a result of the ways in which fan groups resist them.
