William E. Nelson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195327281
- eISBN:
- 9780199870677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327281.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Like Massachusetts, the smaller New England colonies of Connecticut, New Haven, Plymouth, and Rhode Island all possessed a distinctively Puritan legal regime. Of course, there were differences among ...
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Like Massachusetts, the smaller New England colonies of Connecticut, New Haven, Plymouth, and Rhode Island all possessed a distinctively Puritan legal regime. Of course, there were differences among them—differences elaborated in this chapter. Unlike Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Haven, Rhode Island, for example, did not support its churches through taxation, and Plymouth tried, unsuccessfully, to do the same. Nonetheless, as in Massachusetts, the law of God was the foundation of New England law, was judicially enforced, and served to restrain the exercise of power by the strong against the weak. As in Massachusetts, debt collection was never the main stuff of adjudication; more important was building the infrastructure of the interior towns essential for civilized community living.Less
Like Massachusetts, the smaller New England colonies of Connecticut, New Haven, Plymouth, and Rhode Island all possessed a distinctively Puritan legal regime. Of course, there were differences among them—differences elaborated in this chapter. Unlike Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Haven, Rhode Island, for example, did not support its churches through taxation, and Plymouth tried, unsuccessfully, to do the same. Nonetheless, as in Massachusetts, the law of God was the foundation of New England law, was judicially enforced, and served to restrain the exercise of power by the strong against the weak. As in Massachusetts, debt collection was never the main stuff of adjudication; more important was building the infrastructure of the interior towns essential for civilized community living.
Mark A. Noll
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195151114
- eISBN:
- 9780199834532
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195151119.003.0013
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The historic Calvinist churches that still enjoyed significant leadership in American public life thoroughly incorporated common sense and republican emphases into their theology. In general, these ...
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The historic Calvinist churches that still enjoyed significant leadership in American public life thoroughly incorporated common sense and republican emphases into their theology. In general, these theologians condemned the revolutions in France and were suspicious of the “infidel” Thomas Jefferson and his friend James Madison. American Calvinists were, however, not unified; their disputes grew from the different approaches they took to the problems of religious organization and national civilization posed by the new American nation.Less
The historic Calvinist churches that still enjoyed significant leadership in American public life thoroughly incorporated common sense and republican emphases into their theology. In general, these theologians condemned the revolutions in France and were suspicious of the “infidel” Thomas Jefferson and his friend James Madison. American Calvinists were, however, not unified; their disputes grew from the different approaches they took to the problems of religious organization and national civilization posed by the new American nation.
d'Aspremont Jean
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199696314
- eISBN:
- 9780191732201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199696314.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Philosophy of Law
Following the same pattern as the previous chapter, this chapter explores the critiques of formal law-ascertainment first in general legal theory and then in the theory of international law. It ...
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Following the same pattern as the previous chapter, this chapter explores the critiques of formal law-ascertainment first in general legal theory and then in the theory of international law. It starts with the criticisms found in general legal theory, and draws in particular on modern natural law objections, those of legal realism, Dworkin’s famous attack on the source and social theses as well as the postmodern criticisms thereof. The chapter then turns to the contestations of formal law-ascertainment in the theory of the sources of international law. It especially draws on the remnants of substantive validity theory in international legal scholarship, the turn to pragmatism of international realism, the turn to instrumentalism of the New Haven School and those approaches to international law that are inspired by critical legal studies and deconstructivism in international law.Less
Following the same pattern as the previous chapter, this chapter explores the critiques of formal law-ascertainment first in general legal theory and then in the theory of international law. It starts with the criticisms found in general legal theory, and draws in particular on modern natural law objections, those of legal realism, Dworkin’s famous attack on the source and social theses as well as the postmodern criticisms thereof. The chapter then turns to the contestations of formal law-ascertainment in the theory of the sources of international law. It especially draws on the remnants of substantive validity theory in international legal scholarship, the turn to pragmatism of international realism, the turn to instrumentalism of the New Haven School and those approaches to international law that are inspired by critical legal studies and deconstructivism in international law.
Francis J. Bremer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300179132
- eISBN:
- 9780300188851
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300179132.003.0019
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter outlines the end of the New Haven Colony. The New Haven committee which had been entrusted to deal with Connecticut responded quickly, claiming that they could not discuss the matter ...
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This chapter outlines the end of the New Haven Colony. The New Haven committee which had been entrusted to deal with Connecticut responded quickly, claiming that they could not discuss the matter because they had appealed to the king and would not dishonor him or prejudice their own position by discussing things in the meanwhile. They also asserted that in any case they could not dissolve their colony without the “express consent of the other colonies” with whom they were united. New Haven's negotiators wanted assurance that they would be able to maintain the church membership requirement for the franchise, but Connecticut would not budge from its traditional policy of not requiring any such requirement.Less
This chapter outlines the end of the New Haven Colony. The New Haven committee which had been entrusted to deal with Connecticut responded quickly, claiming that they could not discuss the matter because they had appealed to the king and would not dishonor him or prejudice their own position by discussing things in the meanwhile. They also asserted that in any case they could not dissolve their colony without the “express consent of the other colonies” with whom they were united. New Haven's negotiators wanted assurance that they would be able to maintain the church membership requirement for the franchise, but Connecticut would not budge from its traditional policy of not requiring any such requirement.
Sekou M. Franklin
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814789384
- eISBN:
- 9780814760611
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814789384.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter investigates the New Haven youth movement in the late 1980s. Fostered by a coalition of black college students and working-class youth, the New Haven youth movement coordinated an ...
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This chapter investigates the New Haven youth movement in the late 1980s. Fostered by a coalition of black college students and working-class youth, the New Haven youth movement coordinated an antiviolence/anticrime initiative designed to combat the burgeoning gun violence between rival street gangs, participated in a protest campaign for equitable public school funding, and mobilized black youth in support of grassroots electoral organizing campaigns. The movement underscored three characteristics of post-civil rights activism. First, it showed how young people can be catalysts for social change in urban municipalities plagued by decaying political machines and social stratification. Second, it demonstrated how young people can be valuable resources to persons who seek to challenge racial hierarchies and economic injustices in municipalities. Third, it identified the difficulties youth activists experience in sustaining resistance campaigns that challenge power structures, especially when allied with public officials and black leaders inclined toward institutional leveraging.Less
This chapter investigates the New Haven youth movement in the late 1980s. Fostered by a coalition of black college students and working-class youth, the New Haven youth movement coordinated an antiviolence/anticrime initiative designed to combat the burgeoning gun violence between rival street gangs, participated in a protest campaign for equitable public school funding, and mobilized black youth in support of grassroots electoral organizing campaigns. The movement underscored three characteristics of post-civil rights activism. First, it showed how young people can be catalysts for social change in urban municipalities plagued by decaying political machines and social stratification. Second, it demonstrated how young people can be valuable resources to persons who seek to challenge racial hierarchies and economic injustices in municipalities. Third, it identified the difficulties youth activists experience in sustaining resistance campaigns that challenge power structures, especially when allied with public officials and black leaders inclined toward institutional leveraging.
Paul C. Gutjahr
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740420.003.0022
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Chapter twenty-two addresses the key doctrine of imputation in terms of the Princeton faculty and their disputes over the doctrine with both Nathaniel Taylor (and his New Haven Theology) at Yale and ...
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Chapter twenty-two addresses the key doctrine of imputation in terms of the Princeton faculty and their disputes over the doctrine with both Nathaniel Taylor (and his New Haven Theology) at Yale and Moses Stuart at Andover. Princeton’s view stood against the rising popularity of the New Haven Theology and its influence on the revivalist theology found in the Second Great Awakening.Less
Chapter twenty-two addresses the key doctrine of imputation in terms of the Princeton faculty and their disputes over the doctrine with both Nathaniel Taylor (and his New Haven Theology) at Yale and Moses Stuart at Andover. Princeton’s view stood against the rising popularity of the New Haven Theology and its influence on the revivalist theology found in the Second Great Awakening.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226542492
- eISBN:
- 9780226542515
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226542515.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
In the early nineteenth century, African Americans' access to primary and religious instruction expanded, with few exceptions. However, higher education remained beyond reach. Most high schools and ...
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In the early nineteenth century, African Americans' access to primary and religious instruction expanded, with few exceptions. However, higher education remained beyond reach. Most high schools and academies would not accept black students, even when they secured the preparation necessary for advanced study. Hoping to empower black people to access higher education independently, an interracial abolitionist alliance launched a movement in 1831. The alliance wanted to build the nation's first “African” college, and the campaign was spearheaded by Peter Williams, a black minister from New York, and Simeon Jocelyn, a white minister from New Haven. As they discussed the college in New Haven, African Americans in New York pursued a similar objective. Of all northern states in the antebellum period, Connecticut was the most hostile to both abolition and African American education. Yet New Haven's racism and anti-abolitionism were striking.Less
In the early nineteenth century, African Americans' access to primary and religious instruction expanded, with few exceptions. However, higher education remained beyond reach. Most high schools and academies would not accept black students, even when they secured the preparation necessary for advanced study. Hoping to empower black people to access higher education independently, an interracial abolitionist alliance launched a movement in 1831. The alliance wanted to build the nation's first “African” college, and the campaign was spearheaded by Peter Williams, a black minister from New York, and Simeon Jocelyn, a white minister from New Haven. As they discussed the college in New Haven, African Americans in New York pursued a similar objective. Of all northern states in the antebellum period, Connecticut was the most hostile to both abolition and African American education. Yet New Haven's racism and anti-abolitionism were striking.
Paul C. Gutjahr
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740420.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Chapter Fourteen surveys the diverse theological landscape of the New England in the period after the American Revolution. Special attention is paid to the developing theologies of Harvard, Yale and ...
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Chapter Fourteen surveys the diverse theological landscape of the New England in the period after the American Revolution. Special attention is paid to the developing theologies of Harvard, Yale and Andover. Calvinism was fracturing during this time, and Hodge while traveling to Boston with his friend Benjamin Wisner met many of the important theologians involved in debates surrounding these breaks. He was particularly impressed by Moses Stuart of Andover.Less
Chapter Fourteen surveys the diverse theological landscape of the New England in the period after the American Revolution. Special attention is paid to the developing theologies of Harvard, Yale and Andover. Calvinism was fracturing during this time, and Hodge while traveling to Boston with his friend Benjamin Wisner met many of the important theologians involved in debates surrounding these breaks. He was particularly impressed by Moses Stuart of Andover.
Douglas A. Sweeney
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199756292
- eISBN:
- 9780199950379
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199756292.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Yale’s Nathaniel William Taylor was the most controversial Edwardsian theologian of his era. He scandalized the country with his recontextualization of Edwards’s views of original sin, freedom of ...
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Yale’s Nathaniel William Taylor was the most controversial Edwardsian theologian of his era. He scandalized the country with his recontextualization of Edwards’s views of original sin, freedom of will, and regeneration. His New Haven Theology split the ranks of Connecticut Congregationalists, inciting strong reaction from conservatives led by Taylor’s rival, Bennet Tyler. It also yielded a schism in the Presbyterian Church. This chapter explains and assesses the nature of the controversy sparked by Taylor’s teaching, focusing closely on the debate between Taylorites and Tylerites (who founded a Pastoral Union, a Christian periodical, and a seminary in opposition to Taylor and Yale Divinity School). Revising older views of this dispute, which saw Taylor as a symbol of the decline of Edwardsian theology in America, the chapter interprets Taylor and the contest over Edwards as a sign of the vitality of Edwardsian divinity to the time of the Civil War.Less
Yale’s Nathaniel William Taylor was the most controversial Edwardsian theologian of his era. He scandalized the country with his recontextualization of Edwards’s views of original sin, freedom of will, and regeneration. His New Haven Theology split the ranks of Connecticut Congregationalists, inciting strong reaction from conservatives led by Taylor’s rival, Bennet Tyler. It also yielded a schism in the Presbyterian Church. This chapter explains and assesses the nature of the controversy sparked by Taylor’s teaching, focusing closely on the debate between Taylorites and Tylerites (who founded a Pastoral Union, a Christian periodical, and a seminary in opposition to Taylor and Yale Divinity School). Revising older views of this dispute, which saw Taylor as a symbol of the decline of Edwardsian theology in America, the chapter interprets Taylor and the contest over Edwards as a sign of the vitality of Edwardsian divinity to the time of the Civil War.
Paul C. Gutjahr
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740420.003.0053
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Chapter fifty-three examines Hodge’s opposition to the reunion of the Old and New Schools of Presbyterianism just a few years later. Henry Boyton Smith of Union Seminary led the New School movement ...
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Chapter fifty-three examines Hodge’s opposition to the reunion of the Old and New Schools of Presbyterianism just a few years later. Henry Boyton Smith of Union Seminary led the New School movement for reunion. Hodge wished such a reunion to come, but only when it was based on theological agreements that he did not believe yet existed. He feared that a premature reunion would simply set the stage for a re-enactment of the Schism of 1837.Less
Chapter fifty-three examines Hodge’s opposition to the reunion of the Old and New Schools of Presbyterianism just a few years later. Henry Boyton Smith of Union Seminary led the New School movement for reunion. Hodge wished such a reunion to come, but only when it was based on theological agreements that he did not believe yet existed. He feared that a premature reunion would simply set the stage for a re-enactment of the Schism of 1837.
