Elena Pischikova (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789774167249
- eISBN:
- 9781617976780
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167249.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This book is the second joint publication of the members of the American–Egyptian South Asasif Conservation Project, working under the auspices of the Ministry of State for Antiquities and directed ...
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This book is the second joint publication of the members of the American–Egyptian South Asasif Conservation Project, working under the auspices of the Ministry of State for Antiquities and directed by the editor. The Project is dedicated to the clearing, restoration, and reconstruction of the tombs of Karabasken (TT 391) and Karakhamun (TT 223) of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, and the tomb of Irtieru (TT 390) of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty, on the West Bank of Luxor. This book covers the three seasons of work of the project from 2012 to 2014. Chapters concentrate on new archaeological finds, reconstruction of the tombs' decoration, and introduction of the high officials who usurped the tombs of Karakhamun and Karabasken in the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. The book focuses particularly on the reconstruction of the ritual of the Hours of the Day and Night and BD 125 and 32 in the tomb of Karakhamun, the textual program of the tomb of Karabasken, as well as Coptic ostraca, faience objects, pottery, and animal bones found in the South Asasif necropolis.Less
This book is the second joint publication of the members of the American–Egyptian South Asasif Conservation Project, working under the auspices of the Ministry of State for Antiquities and directed by the editor. The Project is dedicated to the clearing, restoration, and reconstruction of the tombs of Karabasken (TT 391) and Karakhamun (TT 223) of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, and the tomb of Irtieru (TT 390) of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty, on the West Bank of Luxor. This book covers the three seasons of work of the project from 2012 to 2014. Chapters concentrate on new archaeological finds, reconstruction of the tombs' decoration, and introduction of the high officials who usurped the tombs of Karakhamun and Karabasken in the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. The book focuses particularly on the reconstruction of the ritual of the Hours of the Day and Night and BD 125 and 32 in the tomb of Karakhamun, the textual program of the tomb of Karabasken, as well as Coptic ostraca, faience objects, pottery, and animal bones found in the South Asasif necropolis.
Erhart Graefe
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789774167249
- eISBN:
- 9781617976780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167249.003.0006
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter discusses the reconstruction work on the fragments of the Stundenritual (Ritual of the Hours of the Day) in the tomb of Karakhamun. Research was carried out in August 2013 and continued ...
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This chapter discusses the reconstruction work on the fragments of the Stundenritual (Ritual of the Hours of the Day) in the tomb of Karakhamun. Research was carried out in August 2013 and continued in May 2014. In 2013, it had been possible to document in digital photographs about 300 fragments put in a sandbox—a time-consuming process because fragments of different sizes, weights, and depths had to be adjusted with a level in both directions and the camera as well. In May 2014, the author made a (successful) test with another method for documenting the fragments: using a scanner. The preliminary reconstructions have progressed, especially for the Third, Seventh, and Eighth Hours. The reconstruction of the Eighth Hour of the Day, for instance, has improved considerably.Less
This chapter discusses the reconstruction work on the fragments of the Stundenritual (Ritual of the Hours of the Day) in the tomb of Karakhamun. Research was carried out in August 2013 and continued in May 2014. In 2013, it had been possible to document in digital photographs about 300 fragments put in a sandbox—a time-consuming process because fragments of different sizes, weights, and depths had to be adjusted with a level in both directions and the camera as well. In May 2014, the author made a (successful) test with another method for documenting the fragments: using a scanner. The preliminary reconstructions have progressed, especially for the Third, Seventh, and Eighth Hours. The reconstruction of the Eighth Hour of the Day, for instance, has improved considerably.
Erhart Graefe
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789774167249
- eISBN:
- 9781617976780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167249.003.0012
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter discusses the fragments of door-jambs recovered from the First Pillared Hall of the tomb of Karakhamun and purportedly belonging to Padihor, the [overseer] of the outline draftsmen and ...
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This chapter discusses the fragments of door-jambs recovered from the First Pillared Hall of the tomb of Karakhamun and purportedly belonging to Padihor, the [overseer] of the outline draftsmen and chamberlain of the God's Wife. An intrusive burial chapel with a shaft was found in the southwest corner of the First Pillared Hall. On the north side of the chapel was an entrance erected out of blocks of sandstone and a threshold built out of bricks. All the original inscriptions on the adjacent walls and pillars were plastered to conceal the original text. The shaft in the northwest corner of the chapel leads to an unpainted burial chamber, which contained a group of objects dating to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty and could have belonged to the owner of the intrusive burial or the burial of Karakhamun himself. The chapter analyzes the religious texts inscribed upon the door frame of Padihor.Less
This chapter discusses the fragments of door-jambs recovered from the First Pillared Hall of the tomb of Karakhamun and purportedly belonging to Padihor, the [overseer] of the outline draftsmen and chamberlain of the God's Wife. An intrusive burial chapel with a shaft was found in the southwest corner of the First Pillared Hall. On the north side of the chapel was an entrance erected out of blocks of sandstone and a threshold built out of bricks. All the original inscriptions on the adjacent walls and pillars were plastered to conceal the original text. The shaft in the northwest corner of the chapel leads to an unpainted burial chamber, which contained a group of objects dating to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty and could have belonged to the owner of the intrusive burial or the burial of Karakhamun himself. The chapter analyzes the religious texts inscribed upon the door frame of Padihor.
Elena Pischikova (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789774167249
- eISBN:
- 9781617976780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167249.003.0013
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter examines the remains of a modern sculptural workshop in the tomb of Karabasken in an attempt to identify a fragment of genuine Kushite sculpture. In May 2014, a small limestone head ...
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This chapter examines the remains of a modern sculptural workshop in the tomb of Karabasken in an attempt to identify a fragment of genuine Kushite sculpture. In May 2014, a small limestone head wearing a nemes was found in the court of the tomb of Karabasken. Referred to as a Kushite head, the object is made of pink-colored limestone. It is not its original color, but the result of extensive burning on the floor of the First and Second Pillared Halls in the tomb of Karakhamun. In contrast, almost all of the heads from Karabasken's workshop are carved out of the dense white limestone from Karakhamun's quarry area. The chapter considers a few facts and preliminary conclusions about the Kushite head as well as some of the questions it raises; for example, whether a royal statue could be part of the original decoration of the tomb of Karakhamun.Less
This chapter examines the remains of a modern sculptural workshop in the tomb of Karabasken in an attempt to identify a fragment of genuine Kushite sculpture. In May 2014, a small limestone head wearing a nemes was found in the court of the tomb of Karabasken. Referred to as a Kushite head, the object is made of pink-colored limestone. It is not its original color, but the result of extensive burning on the floor of the First and Second Pillared Halls in the tomb of Karakhamun. In contrast, almost all of the heads from Karabasken's workshop are carved out of the dense white limestone from Karakhamun's quarry area. The chapter considers a few facts and preliminary conclusions about the Kushite head as well as some of the questions it raises; for example, whether a royal statue could be part of the original decoration of the tomb of Karakhamun.
Paul T. Nicholson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789774167249
- eISBN:
- 9781617976780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167249.003.0015
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter considers the possibility of faience production in the tomb of Karakhamun. The tomb of Karakhamun is comprised of a dromos, vestibule, solar court, two pillared halls, and an antechamber ...
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This chapter considers the possibility of faience production in the tomb of Karakhamun. The tomb of Karakhamun is comprised of a dromos, vestibule, solar court, two pillared halls, and an antechamber leading to the burial chamber itself. In the first of these pillared halls, excavations in 2009 revealed extensive areas of burning all around the courtyard and a concentration of concreted bones along the southern side of the courtyard. Analysis of the bones showed that they belong almost exclusively to cattle. Some of the animal bones are blue, often in quite intense shades. This is probably due to the natural effect of burning bones. The chapter asks whether the presence of calcined bones, slag, and occasional faience beads implies that some form of industrial activity had taken place at the site. It also describes the workshop of “Abud” Mohammed Hasan at Qurna.Less
This chapter considers the possibility of faience production in the tomb of Karakhamun. The tomb of Karakhamun is comprised of a dromos, vestibule, solar court, two pillared halls, and an antechamber leading to the burial chamber itself. In the first of these pillared halls, excavations in 2009 revealed extensive areas of burning all around the courtyard and a concentration of concreted bones along the southern side of the courtyard. Analysis of the bones showed that they belong almost exclusively to cattle. Some of the animal bones are blue, often in quite intense shades. This is probably due to the natural effect of burning bones. The chapter asks whether the presence of calcined bones, slag, and occasional faience beads implies that some form of industrial activity had taken place at the site. It also describes the workshop of “Abud” Mohammed Hasan at Qurna.
Julia Budka
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789774167249
- eISBN:
- 9781617976780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167249.003.0016
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter examines the pottery found in the tombs of the South Asasif necropolis and its ritual function. A second season of the recording of the pottery from the tomb of Karakhamun was undertaken ...
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This chapter examines the pottery found in the tombs of the South Asasif necropolis and its ritual function. A second season of the recording of the pottery from the tomb of Karakhamun was undertaken in late 2012. The main aims of the 2012 season were to sample the newly excavated material from the front areas of the tomb and to establish a dating of these ceramics. Another goal was to enlarge the corpus of recorded and drawn pottery. The focus of work on the ceramic material from Karakhamun's tomb was on Ptolemaic pottery unearthed during the excavation of the courtyard in 2012. The chapter also analyzes the pottery in the tomb of Karakhamun and the tomb of Karabasken during the 2014 season.Less
This chapter examines the pottery found in the tombs of the South Asasif necropolis and its ritual function. A second season of the recording of the pottery from the tomb of Karakhamun was undertaken in late 2012. The main aims of the 2012 season were to sample the newly excavated material from the front areas of the tomb and to establish a dating of these ceramics. Another goal was to enlarge the corpus of recorded and drawn pottery. The focus of work on the ceramic material from Karakhamun's tomb was on Ptolemaic pottery unearthed during the excavation of the courtyard in 2012. The chapter also analyzes the pottery in the tomb of Karakhamun and the tomb of Karabasken during the 2014 season.
Salima Ikrame
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789774167249
- eISBN:
- 9781617976780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167249.003.0017
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter examines the faunal remains unearthed in the tomb of Karabasken. The Pillared Hall of the tomb chapel of Karabasken yielded a dense deposit of 875 bones that showed signs of some degree ...
More
This chapter examines the faunal remains unearthed in the tomb of Karabasken. The Pillared Hall of the tomb chapel of Karabasken yielded a dense deposit of 875 bones that showed signs of some degree of weathering and erosion, possibly because of flood and wind activities, combined with sand and soil abrasion. In addition to bones, date pits, cow and ovicaprid dung, and vegetal material were found. The entire deposit of animal bones in the Pillared Hall of Karabasken's tomb can be estimated to consist of at least 2,900 cattle and 580 ovicaprids. None of the bones bore butchery marks. The bones might be the result of years of religious feasts and celebrations that involved the slaughter of cattle, such as the two annual Eids, the birth of children, and funerals. Nevertheless, the absence of butchery marks, together with the presence of all the bones, is puzzling.Less
This chapter examines the faunal remains unearthed in the tomb of Karabasken. The Pillared Hall of the tomb chapel of Karabasken yielded a dense deposit of 875 bones that showed signs of some degree of weathering and erosion, possibly because of flood and wind activities, combined with sand and soil abrasion. In addition to bones, date pits, cow and ovicaprid dung, and vegetal material were found. The entire deposit of animal bones in the Pillared Hall of Karabasken's tomb can be estimated to consist of at least 2,900 cattle and 580 ovicaprids. None of the bones bore butchery marks. The bones might be the result of years of religious feasts and celebrations that involved the slaughter of cattle, such as the two annual Eids, the birth of children, and funerals. Nevertheless, the absence of butchery marks, together with the presence of all the bones, is puzzling.
Elena Pischikova, Fathy Yaseen Abd el Karim, Ramadan Ahmed Ali, and Ezz El Din Kamal El Noby
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789774167249
- eISBN:
- 9781617976780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167249.003.0003
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter focuses on the excavation of the entrance areas and open courts in the tombs of Karabasken and Karakhamun during the 2012–2014 field work. Karabasken and Karakhamun are the personalities ...
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This chapter focuses on the excavation of the entrance areas and open courts in the tombs of Karabasken and Karakhamun during the 2012–2014 field work. Karabasken and Karakhamun are the personalities behind the revival of large decorated tombs in the Theban area. The decisions and choices they made influenced tomb development in the late Kushite and Saite periods. By combining and reinterpreting elements of temple complexes and royal and elite tombs of earlier periods, they created a new theological space, a Kushite version of the temple-tomb. The chapter describes the architectural decoration of the entrance areas and open courts in the tombs of Karabasken and Karakhamun, along with some of the archaeological finds at the site ranging from fragments of a statue of Osiris to remains of burial equipment such as tubular faience beads and amulets from mummy nets.Less
This chapter focuses on the excavation of the entrance areas and open courts in the tombs of Karabasken and Karakhamun during the 2012–2014 field work. Karabasken and Karakhamun are the personalities behind the revival of large decorated tombs in the Theban area. The decisions and choices they made influenced tomb development in the late Kushite and Saite periods. By combining and reinterpreting elements of temple complexes and royal and elite tombs of earlier periods, they created a new theological space, a Kushite version of the temple-tomb. The chapter describes the architectural decoration of the entrance areas and open courts in the tombs of Karabasken and Karakhamun, along with some of the archaeological finds at the site ranging from fragments of a statue of Osiris to remains of burial equipment such as tubular faience beads and amulets from mummy nets.
Elena Pischikova, Ahmed Ali Hussein, Afaf Fathallah Phillips, and Abdelrazk Mohamed Ali
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789774167249
- eISBN:
- 9781617976780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167249.003.0004
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter describes the conservation and reconstruction work carried out in the tomb of Karakhamun during the period 2012–2014. Full reconstruction of the tomb of Karakhamun in the South Asasif ...
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This chapter describes the conservation and reconstruction work carried out in the tomb of Karakhamun during the period 2012–2014. Full reconstruction of the tomb of Karakhamun in the South Asasif necropolis was carried out continuously following the excavation of the damaged areas. So far, one pillar and two pilasters, featuring the text of the Book of the Dead chapters (BD) 58, 72, 82, 92, 94, 106, and 119 and the Tenth–Twelfth Hours of the Day were reconstructed in the western section of the First Pillared Hall. The chapter also discusses the reconstruction of the area of the Tornische, the architectural and decorative features of the Second Pillared Hall in the tomb, and the conservation of the burial chamber and vestibule in the same tomb.Less
This chapter describes the conservation and reconstruction work carried out in the tomb of Karakhamun during the period 2012–2014. Full reconstruction of the tomb of Karakhamun in the South Asasif necropolis was carried out continuously following the excavation of the damaged areas. So far, one pillar and two pilasters, featuring the text of the Book of the Dead chapters (BD) 58, 72, 82, 92, 94, 106, and 119 and the Tenth–Twelfth Hours of the Day were reconstructed in the western section of the First Pillared Hall. The chapter also discusses the reconstruction of the area of the Tornische, the architectural and decorative features of the Second Pillared Hall in the tomb, and the conservation of the burial chamber and vestibule in the same tomb.
Dieter Eigner
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789774167249
- eISBN:
- 9781617976780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167249.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter discusses the architecture of the Lichthof in the tomb of Karakhamun and its symbolic meaning. The term “Lichthof” refers to a sunken courtyard below surface level in the Late Period ...
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This chapter discusses the architecture of the Lichthof in the tomb of Karakhamun and its symbolic meaning. The term “Lichthof” refers to a sunken courtyard below surface level in the Late Period tombs of the Theban necropolis. These courts form a prominent and essential element of architecture in the monumental “temple-tombs” of the Kushite and Saite periods. In general, the architectural design of the Lichthof consists of two pillared porticos, on the north and south side of the court respectively. The Lichthof served as a stage for rituals in honor of the deceased and for the cult of Re-Osiris. The chapter describes the Lichthof in the tomb of Karakhamun and explains the meaning of pr-nw chapels in Karakhamun's court. It also examines the two courts of Mentuemhat's tomb palace and suggests that the architecture of the tomb courts of Karakhamun and Mentuemhat transfers the two-dimensional iconography into a monumental three-dimensional rendition of the abode of Osiris in the netherworld.Less
This chapter discusses the architecture of the Lichthof in the tomb of Karakhamun and its symbolic meaning. The term “Lichthof” refers to a sunken courtyard below surface level in the Late Period tombs of the Theban necropolis. These courts form a prominent and essential element of architecture in the monumental “temple-tombs” of the Kushite and Saite periods. In general, the architectural design of the Lichthof consists of two pillared porticos, on the north and south side of the court respectively. The Lichthof served as a stage for rituals in honor of the deceased and for the cult of Re-Osiris. The chapter describes the Lichthof in the tomb of Karakhamun and explains the meaning of pr-nw chapels in Karakhamun's court. It also examines the two courts of Mentuemhat's tomb palace and suggests that the architecture of the tomb courts of Karakhamun and Mentuemhat transfers the two-dimensional iconography into a monumental three-dimensional rendition of the abode of Osiris in the netherworld.
