Christopher Maginn
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199697151
- eISBN:
- 9780191739262
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199697151.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter probes the intractable and controversial subject of national identity in Tudor Ireland. It offers an analysis of William Cecil's attitudes toward not only Ireland's Irish, or Gaelic, ...
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This chapter probes the intractable and controversial subject of national identity in Tudor Ireland. It offers an analysis of William Cecil's attitudes toward not only Ireland's Irish, or Gaelic, population, but also the two varieties of Englishmen resident in Ireland by the second half of the sixteenth century: the so-called ‘Old English’ and ‘New English’ populations. It argues that though Cecil viewed English culture as an example of ‘civility’ and Irish culture and society as inherently ‘savage’, circumstances compelled the minister to acquire a level of understanding of the latter.Less
This chapter probes the intractable and controversial subject of national identity in Tudor Ireland. It offers an analysis of William Cecil's attitudes toward not only Ireland's Irish, or Gaelic, population, but also the two varieties of Englishmen resident in Ireland by the second half of the sixteenth century: the so-called ‘Old English’ and ‘New English’ populations. It argues that though Cecil viewed English culture as an example of ‘civility’ and Irish culture and society as inherently ‘savage’, circumstances compelled the minister to acquire a level of understanding of the latter.
Sandra Clarke
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748626168
- eISBN:
- 9780748671519
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748626168.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This volume constitutes the first comprehensive overview of the variety of Canadian English spoken in Newfoundland and Labrador, long recognized as linguistically distinct within North America. It ...
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This volume constitutes the first comprehensive overview of the variety of Canadian English spoken in Newfoundland and Labrador, long recognized as linguistically distinct within North America. It provides an accessible introduction to the phonetic, grammatical, lexical and discourse features of contemporary Newfoundland English, along with the speech of the province’s continental portion, Labrador. Newfoundland English is shown to be a generally conservative variety, which has preserved a number of features that have undergone attrition elsewhere. Likewise, the region’s close ties with Britain and Ireland (Newfoundland constituted an independent British dominion until its union with Canada in 1949) are shown to be reflected in the many linguistic features it shares with its two chief European founder varieties, southwest British English (West Country English) and southern Irish English. The volume also describes the extensive regional and social variation that characterizes Newfoundland English, and relates this to historical, geographical, demographic and social factors. It outlines how the considerable socioeconomic and cultural change experienced by the region since the mid 20th century is reflected in ongoing linguistic change. Language change is also contextualized relative to insider and outsider attitudes to local speech varieties. In addition, the volume provides illustrative speech samples, in the form of nine texts representing both contemporary and traditional regional varieties of Newfoundland and Labrador. These texts are accompanied by online audio files. It also includes a survey of published work on Newfoundland English from the late 16th century to the present.Less
This volume constitutes the first comprehensive overview of the variety of Canadian English spoken in Newfoundland and Labrador, long recognized as linguistically distinct within North America. It provides an accessible introduction to the phonetic, grammatical, lexical and discourse features of contemporary Newfoundland English, along with the speech of the province’s continental portion, Labrador. Newfoundland English is shown to be a generally conservative variety, which has preserved a number of features that have undergone attrition elsewhere. Likewise, the region’s close ties with Britain and Ireland (Newfoundland constituted an independent British dominion until its union with Canada in 1949) are shown to be reflected in the many linguistic features it shares with its two chief European founder varieties, southwest British English (West Country English) and southern Irish English. The volume also describes the extensive regional and social variation that characterizes Newfoundland English, and relates this to historical, geographical, demographic and social factors. It outlines how the considerable socioeconomic and cultural change experienced by the region since the mid 20th century is reflected in ongoing linguistic change. Language change is also contextualized relative to insider and outsider attitudes to local speech varieties. In addition, the volume provides illustrative speech samples, in the form of nine texts representing both contemporary and traditional regional varieties of Newfoundland and Labrador. These texts are accompanied by online audio files. It also includes a survey of published work on Newfoundland English from the late 16th century to the present.
Karen Corrigan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748634286
- eISBN:
- 9780748671441
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748634286.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This book focuses on the sociolinguistic consequences of historical contact between indigenous Irish peoples and newer English and Scottish settlers in what is now the territory of Northern Ireland ...
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This book focuses on the sociolinguistic consequences of historical contact between indigenous Irish peoples and newer English and Scottish settlers in what is now the territory of Northern Ireland (NI). The contact varieties that resulted represent the oldest L2 ‘Englishes’ globally. Moreover, the degree of admixture from English, Irish and Scots in the contemporary dialects of NI reflects various external forces. Naturally, these varieties share certain structural features with sister Celtic Englishes and indeed with other vernacular Englishes globally (partly because of extensive emigration from NI post-1700 and partly due to universal tendencies of various types). However, there are other linguistic traits that seem to be unique and therefore essentially local. Irish English, Volume 1: Northern Ireland aims to provide insights into the evolution of language in 21st century NI and to promote an understanding of linguistic diversity in this region in the context of World Englishes.Less
This book focuses on the sociolinguistic consequences of historical contact between indigenous Irish peoples and newer English and Scottish settlers in what is now the territory of Northern Ireland (NI). The contact varieties that resulted represent the oldest L2 ‘Englishes’ globally. Moreover, the degree of admixture from English, Irish and Scots in the contemporary dialects of NI reflects various external forces. Naturally, these varieties share certain structural features with sister Celtic Englishes and indeed with other vernacular Englishes globally (partly because of extensive emigration from NI post-1700 and partly due to universal tendencies of various types). However, there are other linguistic traits that seem to be unique and therefore essentially local. Irish English, Volume 1: Northern Ireland aims to provide insights into the evolution of language in 21st century NI and to promote an understanding of linguistic diversity in this region in the context of World Englishes.
Christopher Maginn
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199697151
- eISBN:
- 9780191739262
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199697151.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book explores the complex relationship which existed between England and Ireland in the Tudor period using the long association of William Cecil (1520–98) with Ireland as a vehicle for ...
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This book explores the complex relationship which existed between England and Ireland in the Tudor period using the long association of William Cecil (1520–98) with Ireland as a vehicle for historical enquiry. That Cecil, Queen Elizabeth’s most trusted adviser and the most important figure in England after the queen herself, consistently devoted his attention and considerable energies to the kingdom of Ireland is a seldom‐explored aspect of his life and his place in the Tudor age. Yet amid his handling of a broad assortment of matters relating to England and Wales, the kingdom of Scotland, continental Europe, and beyond, William Cecil’s thoughts regularly turned to the kingdom of Ireland. He personally compiled genealogies of Ireland’s Irish and English families and pored over dozens of national and regional maps of Ireland. Cecil served as chancellor of Ireland’s first university and, most importantly for the historian, penned, received, and studied thousands of papers on subjects relating to Ireland and the crown’s political, economic, social, and religious policies there. Cecil would have understood all of this broadly as ‘Ireland matters’, a subject which he came to know in greater depth and detail than anyone at the court of Queen Elizabeth I. The book’s extended analysis of Cecil’s long relationship with Ireland helps to make sense of Anglo‐Irish interaction in Tudor times and shows that this relationship was characterized by more than the basic binary features of conquest and resistance. At another level, this book demonstrates that the second half of the sixteenth century witnessed the political, social, and cultural integration of Ireland into the multinational Tudor state and that it was William Cecil who, more than any other figure, consciously worked to achieve that integration.Less
This book explores the complex relationship which existed between England and Ireland in the Tudor period using the long association of William Cecil (1520–98) with Ireland as a vehicle for historical enquiry. That Cecil, Queen Elizabeth’s most trusted adviser and the most important figure in England after the queen herself, consistently devoted his attention and considerable energies to the kingdom of Ireland is a seldom‐explored aspect of his life and his place in the Tudor age. Yet amid his handling of a broad assortment of matters relating to England and Wales, the kingdom of Scotland, continental Europe, and beyond, William Cecil’s thoughts regularly turned to the kingdom of Ireland. He personally compiled genealogies of Ireland’s Irish and English families and pored over dozens of national and regional maps of Ireland. Cecil served as chancellor of Ireland’s first university and, most importantly for the historian, penned, received, and studied thousands of papers on subjects relating to Ireland and the crown’s political, economic, social, and religious policies there. Cecil would have understood all of this broadly as ‘Ireland matters’, a subject which he came to know in greater depth and detail than anyone at the court of Queen Elizabeth I. The book’s extended analysis of Cecil’s long relationship with Ireland helps to make sense of Anglo‐Irish interaction in Tudor times and shows that this relationship was characterized by more than the basic binary features of conquest and resistance. At another level, this book demonstrates that the second half of the sixteenth century witnessed the political, social, and cultural integration of Ireland into the multinational Tudor state and that it was William Cecil who, more than any other figure, consciously worked to achieve that integration.
Patrick Brantlinger
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450198
- eISBN:
- 9780801462634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450198.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter focuses on Matthew Arnold's “On the Study of Celtic Literature” and the stereotype of the Irish as both intellectually and physically lightweight. The Irish may have been poetical, ...
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This chapter focuses on Matthew Arnold's “On the Study of Celtic Literature” and the stereotype of the Irish as both intellectually and physically lightweight. The Irish may have been poetical, musical, and imaginative, but they were often perceived as feathery, frivolous, and full of blarney compared to the solid, beef-eating English. In starving mode, the Irish were sometimes also accused of cannibalism. Historical revisionism in regard to the Famine and to other aspects of the British domination of Ireland has sought to downplay or eliminate racism from its portrait of English–Irish relations. But from the time of Edmund Spenser's “wild Irish” through the Victorian period, English perceptions of the Irish were usually racialized ones. Even an apparent sympathizer like Arnold sees “the Celts” as both a lower and a dying race.Less
This chapter focuses on Matthew Arnold's “On the Study of Celtic Literature” and the stereotype of the Irish as both intellectually and physically lightweight. The Irish may have been poetical, musical, and imaginative, but they were often perceived as feathery, frivolous, and full of blarney compared to the solid, beef-eating English. In starving mode, the Irish were sometimes also accused of cannibalism. Historical revisionism in regard to the Famine and to other aspects of the British domination of Ireland has sought to downplay or eliminate racism from its portrait of English–Irish relations. But from the time of Edmund Spenser's “wild Irish” through the Victorian period, English perceptions of the Irish were usually racialized ones. Even an apparent sympathizer like Arnold sees “the Celts” as both a lower and a dying race.
Sandra Clarke and Andrew Erskine
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748626168
- eISBN:
- 9780748671519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748626168.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter outlines the chief segmental (consonant and vowel) features of contemporary Newfoundland and Labrador English, and includes a brief introduction to IPA phonetic symbols and phonetic ...
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This chapter outlines the chief segmental (consonant and vowel) features of contemporary Newfoundland and Labrador English, and includes a brief introduction to IPA phonetic symbols and phonetic terminology. Wells’ lexical sets (Wells 1982, Accents of English) provide an organizational framework for vowel description; the vowels of standard or General Canadian English serve as a reference point. To capture the range of variation evident within the region, vowel and consonant features are presented not only for standard Newfoundland speech, but also for the province’s two major traditional rural vernacular varieties (Newfoundland and Labrador “Irish English” and “(southwest) British English”). These include shared features (e.g. TH-Stopping) as well as features differentiating the two regional types (e.g. postvocalic L articulation, syllable-initial H-deletion and H-insertion). The chapter also contains a brief description of Newfoundland English phonetic processes (deletion, insertion, assimilation), along with several prosodic or suprasegmental features (speech tempo, stress, pulmonic ingressive articulation).Less
This chapter outlines the chief segmental (consonant and vowel) features of contemporary Newfoundland and Labrador English, and includes a brief introduction to IPA phonetic symbols and phonetic terminology. Wells’ lexical sets (Wells 1982, Accents of English) provide an organizational framework for vowel description; the vowels of standard or General Canadian English serve as a reference point. To capture the range of variation evident within the region, vowel and consonant features are presented not only for standard Newfoundland speech, but also for the province’s two major traditional rural vernacular varieties (Newfoundland and Labrador “Irish English” and “(southwest) British English”). These include shared features (e.g. TH-Stopping) as well as features differentiating the two regional types (e.g. postvocalic L articulation, syllable-initial H-deletion and H-insertion). The chapter also contains a brief description of Newfoundland English phonetic processes (deletion, insertion, assimilation), along with several prosodic or suprasegmental features (speech tempo, stress, pulmonic ingressive articulation).
John McCourt
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198729600
- eISBN:
- 9780191796456
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198729600.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, Prose (inc. letters, diaries)
Arguing that much of the nineteenth-century Irish fiction writer’s authority comes from a capacity to reproduce Irish-English speech, this chapter focuses on Trollope’s use of Irish English and ...
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Arguing that much of the nineteenth-century Irish fiction writer’s authority comes from a capacity to reproduce Irish-English speech, this chapter focuses on Trollope’s use of Irish English and claims that he possessed not only an exceptionally sharp ear for Irish pronunciation, but also for Irish-English vocabulary and syntax. Trollope succeeds in rendering the phonological, syntactic, lexico-grammatical features of Hiberno-English through the voice of his fictional characters. In doing so he demonstrates the genuine nature of his attempts to understand the Irish through a rendering of their speech forms which is rarely mocking and is mostly reliable. This could also be read, however, as a form of colonial appropriation by this very English writer in Ireland, whose Irish English is always presented against the normative backdrop of the Standard English that structures his texts.Less
Arguing that much of the nineteenth-century Irish fiction writer’s authority comes from a capacity to reproduce Irish-English speech, this chapter focuses on Trollope’s use of Irish English and claims that he possessed not only an exceptionally sharp ear for Irish pronunciation, but also for Irish-English vocabulary and syntax. Trollope succeeds in rendering the phonological, syntactic, lexico-grammatical features of Hiberno-English through the voice of his fictional characters. In doing so he demonstrates the genuine nature of his attempts to understand the Irish through a rendering of their speech forms which is rarely mocking and is mostly reliable. This could also be read, however, as a form of colonial appropriation by this very English writer in Ireland, whose Irish English is always presented against the normative backdrop of the Standard English that structures his texts.
Ian Campbell
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719088360
- eISBN:
- 9781781706022
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088360.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter explains how Ireland's inhabitants encountered humanist theories about human society in their universities, focusing especially on those concepts which made up the theory of civility and ...
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This chapter explains how Ireland's inhabitants encountered humanist theories about human society in their universities, focusing especially on those concepts which made up the theory of civility and barbarism This chapter also addresses the problem of how many peoples there were in seventeenth-century Ireland, arguing that there remained a meaningful distinction between Gaelic Irish and English Irish in the seventeenth century.Less
This chapter explains how Ireland's inhabitants encountered humanist theories about human society in their universities, focusing especially on those concepts which made up the theory of civility and barbarism This chapter also addresses the problem of how many peoples there were in seventeenth-century Ireland, arguing that there remained a meaningful distinction between Gaelic Irish and English Irish in the seventeenth century.
