Joe Earle, Cahal Moral, and Zach Ward-Perkins
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526110121
- eISBN:
- 9781526120748
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526110121.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
One hundred years ago the idea of ‘the economy’ didn’t exist. Now, improving ‘the economy’ has come to be seen as one of the most important tasks facing modern societies. Politics and policymaking ...
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One hundred years ago the idea of ‘the economy’ didn’t exist. Now, improving ‘the economy’ has come to be seen as one of the most important tasks facing modern societies. Politics and policymaking are increasingly conducted in the language of economics and economic logic increasingly frames how political problems are defined and addressed. The result is that crucial societal functions are outsourced to economic experts. The econocracy is about how this particular way of thinking about economies and economics has come to dominate many modern societies and its damaging consequences. We have put experts in charge but those experts are not fit for purpose.
A growing movement is arguing that we should redefine the relationship between society and economics. Across the world, students, the economists of the future, are rebelling against their education. From three members of this movement comes a book that tries to open up the black box of economic decision making to public scrutiny. We show how a particular form of economics has come to dominate in universities across the UK and has thus shaped our understanding of the economy. We document the weaknesses of this form of economics and how it has failed to address many important issues such as financial stability, environmental sustainability and inequality; and we set out a vision for how we can bring economic discussion and decision making back into the public sphere to ensure the societies of the future can flourish.Less
One hundred years ago the idea of ‘the economy’ didn’t exist. Now, improving ‘the economy’ has come to be seen as one of the most important tasks facing modern societies. Politics and policymaking are increasingly conducted in the language of economics and economic logic increasingly frames how political problems are defined and addressed. The result is that crucial societal functions are outsourced to economic experts. The econocracy is about how this particular way of thinking about economies and economics has come to dominate many modern societies and its damaging consequences. We have put experts in charge but those experts are not fit for purpose.
A growing movement is arguing that we should redefine the relationship between society and economics. Across the world, students, the economists of the future, are rebelling against their education. From three members of this movement comes a book that tries to open up the black box of economic decision making to public scrutiny. We show how a particular form of economics has come to dominate in universities across the UK and has thus shaped our understanding of the economy. We document the weaknesses of this form of economics and how it has failed to address many important issues such as financial stability, environmental sustainability and inequality; and we set out a vision for how we can bring economic discussion and decision making back into the public sphere to ensure the societies of the future can flourish.
Sarah D. Shields
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195393316
- eISBN:
- 9780199894376
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393316.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History, European Modern History
Angry protests met the announcement that the Sanjak would be detached from Syria, despite French mandatory officials’ efforts to present the agreement as a guarantee of the security of the ...
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Angry protests met the announcement that the Sanjak would be detached from Syria, despite French mandatory officials’ efforts to present the agreement as a guarantee of the security of the soon-to-be-independent Syrian state. In preparation for the upcoming elections to the Assembly of the newly independent Sanjak, Arab and Turkish activists tried to recruit potential voters. Ankara redefined the Arabic-speaking Alawis as Turks, creating violent fissures in one of the Sanjak’s poorest but most populous communities. The Arab nationalist League of National Action led opposition to the Sanjak’s new status, opposing French and Turkish efforts to enforce the League of Nations decisions and continuing its attacks on the collaborationist Syrian government. In Geneva, a Committee of Experts drew up a new Statute and Fundamental Law to govern the independent Sanjak.Less
Angry protests met the announcement that the Sanjak would be detached from Syria, despite French mandatory officials’ efforts to present the agreement as a guarantee of the security of the soon-to-be-independent Syrian state. In preparation for the upcoming elections to the Assembly of the newly independent Sanjak, Arab and Turkish activists tried to recruit potential voters. Ankara redefined the Arabic-speaking Alawis as Turks, creating violent fissures in one of the Sanjak’s poorest but most populous communities. The Arab nationalist League of National Action led opposition to the Sanjak’s new status, opposing French and Turkish efforts to enforce the League of Nations decisions and continuing its attacks on the collaborationist Syrian government. In Geneva, a Committee of Experts drew up a new Statute and Fundamental Law to govern the independent Sanjak.
Joe Earle, Cahal Moran, and Zach Ward-Perkins
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526110121
- eISBN:
- 9781526120748
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526110121.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
This chapter sketches out the contours of econocracy, its relationship with the academic discipline of economics and how it has developed in the twentieth century. It then shows in more detail how ...
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This chapter sketches out the contours of econocracy, its relationship with the academic discipline of economics and how it has developed in the twentieth century. It then shows in more detail how democracy has been undermined and the idea of the citizen as an active participant in political discussion and collective decision making been lost.Less
This chapter sketches out the contours of econocracy, its relationship with the academic discipline of economics and how it has developed in the twentieth century. It then shows in more detail how democracy has been undermined and the idea of the citizen as an active participant in political discussion and collective decision making been lost.
David L. Faigman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199859177
- eISBN:
- 9780199332694
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199859177.003.0004
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience
This Chapter sets forth the basic framework that applies to the courtroom use of scientific evidence generally, and neuroscientific evidence in particular. Neuroscience expert testimony is treated ...
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This Chapter sets forth the basic framework that applies to the courtroom use of scientific evidence generally, and neuroscientific evidence in particular. Neuroscience expert testimony is treated like all expert testimony, so that the basic rules of admissibility apply. Although courts typically use some combination of two tests – the Frye general acceptance test or the Daubert validity test – these approaches basically revolve around two basic issues. The first concerns how high the bar is, should be, for proffered expert testimony and the second concerns what criteria courts use, or should use, to measure this bar. With particular emphasis on the Daubert test, which partly incorporates the general acceptance criterion of Frye, this Chapter provides a detailed description of admissibility standards in the context of neuroscience expert evidence.Less
This Chapter sets forth the basic framework that applies to the courtroom use of scientific evidence generally, and neuroscientific evidence in particular. Neuroscience expert testimony is treated like all expert testimony, so that the basic rules of admissibility apply. Although courts typically use some combination of two tests – the Frye general acceptance test or the Daubert validity test – these approaches basically revolve around two basic issues. The first concerns how high the bar is, should be, for proffered expert testimony and the second concerns what criteria courts use, or should use, to measure this bar. With particular emphasis on the Daubert test, which partly incorporates the general acceptance criterion of Frye, this Chapter provides a detailed description of admissibility standards in the context of neuroscience expert evidence.
Robin Jacob
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199576883
- eISBN:
- 9780191702228
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199576883.003.0015
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
Expert evidence forms a key part of the resolution of many legal disputes, both civil and criminal. This chapter examines possible reasons for why the quality of expert evidence has improved since ...
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Expert evidence forms a key part of the resolution of many legal disputes, both civil and criminal. This chapter examines possible reasons for why the quality of expert evidence has improved since the Woolf Reforms, how much is the improvement due to CPR Pt 35, and how it is due to expert witness associations such as the Expert Witness Institute and the Academy of Experts, and the approach of judges to expert witnesses and their evidence. It also examines the single joint expert system and the extent of its success, particularly for small claims, as well as the limited use that the courts have made of assessors outside Admiralty proceedings.Less
Expert evidence forms a key part of the resolution of many legal disputes, both civil and criminal. This chapter examines possible reasons for why the quality of expert evidence has improved since the Woolf Reforms, how much is the improvement due to CPR Pt 35, and how it is due to expert witness associations such as the Expert Witness Institute and the Academy of Experts, and the approach of judges to expert witnesses and their evidence. It also examines the single joint expert system and the extent of its success, particularly for small claims, as well as the limited use that the courts have made of assessors outside Admiralty proceedings.
Joseph A. Howley
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748668175
- eISBN:
- 9780748684328
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748668175.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
One of the few known details of the life of Aulus Gellius is his sometime service as a judge; his Noctes Atticae is an important source for Republican and early Imperial jurists. Yet he does not ...
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One of the few known details of the life of Aulus Gellius is his sometime service as a judge; his Noctes Atticae is an important source for Republican and early Imperial jurists. Yet he does not relate the reading of jurists to the practice of law or the resolution of legal questions. This chapter situates Gellius’s accounts of the reading of jurists in the broader context of his antiquarian intellectual interests, sceptical attitude toward disciplinary expertise, and literary narratives of research. It demonstrates how Gellius identifies juristic writing with valuable grammatical and antiquarian methodologies while simultaneously emphasizing the importance of non-juristic writing and thought in actual legal work. Jurists, it becomes clear, are an important part of the larger program of learned reading to which Gellius exhorts his reader. The contemporary iuris peritus is no more reliable than the grammaticus, while the juristic miscellany may aid in exegesis where the grammatical commentary fails. Law is, for Gellius, as this chapter shows, a matter of Roman cultural heritage and critical thought; the value of its study is the careful understanding it necessitates of the relationship between past and present and the nature of language.Less
One of the few known details of the life of Aulus Gellius is his sometime service as a judge; his Noctes Atticae is an important source for Republican and early Imperial jurists. Yet he does not relate the reading of jurists to the practice of law or the resolution of legal questions. This chapter situates Gellius’s accounts of the reading of jurists in the broader context of his antiquarian intellectual interests, sceptical attitude toward disciplinary expertise, and literary narratives of research. It demonstrates how Gellius identifies juristic writing with valuable grammatical and antiquarian methodologies while simultaneously emphasizing the importance of non-juristic writing and thought in actual legal work. Jurists, it becomes clear, are an important part of the larger program of learned reading to which Gellius exhorts his reader. The contemporary iuris peritus is no more reliable than the grammaticus, while the juristic miscellany may aid in exegesis where the grammatical commentary fails. Law is, for Gellius, as this chapter shows, a matter of Roman cultural heritage and critical thought; the value of its study is the careful understanding it necessitates of the relationship between past and present and the nature of language.
Gerardo Marti and Michael O. Emerson
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199329533
- eISBN:
- 9780199369379
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199329533.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
As evangelicals increasingly describe race relations in terms of successful racial integration (the joining of disparate racial and ethnic groups into a common fellowship), a growing number of books, ...
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As evangelicals increasingly describe race relations in terms of successful racial integration (the joining of disparate racial and ethnic groups into a common fellowship), a growing number of books, conferences, and workshops are breeding “experts” for stimulating multiethnic/multiracial churches. The increase of awareness is encouraging, but the actual content of such talk is not. Using the platform of successfully diverse congregations and assumptions about how such congregations operate, evangelicals who appear to care most about race relations simultaneously 1) accentuate race and 2) seek to wholly ignore race. Evangelicals accentuate race by pushing forward initiatives as “solutions” to the “problem” of race based on navigating presumed racial differences and promoting racial complementarity. At the same time race is accentuated, evangelicals ignore race by promoting discourses and programs of cross-cultural mission outreach that avoid direct discussion of racial dynamics. Whether accentuating or ignoring race, we find that among evangelical “diversity experts” in the United States—where white-dominance is characteristic of American evangelicalism—non-white exoticism and otherness become opportunities to label racial differences that ultimately reinforce historically-conditioned stereotypes in uncritical ways.Less
As evangelicals increasingly describe race relations in terms of successful racial integration (the joining of disparate racial and ethnic groups into a common fellowship), a growing number of books, conferences, and workshops are breeding “experts” for stimulating multiethnic/multiracial churches. The increase of awareness is encouraging, but the actual content of such talk is not. Using the platform of successfully diverse congregations and assumptions about how such congregations operate, evangelicals who appear to care most about race relations simultaneously 1) accentuate race and 2) seek to wholly ignore race. Evangelicals accentuate race by pushing forward initiatives as “solutions” to the “problem” of race based on navigating presumed racial differences and promoting racial complementarity. At the same time race is accentuated, evangelicals ignore race by promoting discourses and programs of cross-cultural mission outreach that avoid direct discussion of racial dynamics. Whether accentuating or ignoring race, we find that among evangelical “diversity experts” in the United States—where white-dominance is characteristic of American evangelicalism—non-white exoticism and otherness become opportunities to label racial differences that ultimately reinforce historically-conditioned stereotypes in uncritical ways.
Walter F. Baber and Robert V. Bartlett
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028738
- eISBN:
- 9780262327046
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028738.003.0006
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
Deliberative panels are commonly criticized as both too subject to irrationality and excessively rational, and as producing substantively inferior results compared with more elite decision making. ...
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Deliberative panels are commonly criticized as both too subject to irrationality and excessively rational, and as producing substantively inferior results compared with more elite decision making. Each of these complaints has also been leveled at real world legal juries in civil and criminal cases, and there is an extensive base of research evaluating their merit. Jury irrationality generally refers to poorly reasoned biases being magnified or too little challenged in deliberation, a phenomenon that can be avoided or mitigated using sophisticated techniques. Excessive rationality is alleged to occur as a result of imposing a rationalistic framework with its own blind spots and unresponsive to the concerns of the underrepresented and disadvantaged, which requires ongoing attention to the diversity of juries. In the case of juristic democracy, panel diversity is under the control of facilitators, who also can even create majority minority panels composed of individuals whose perspectives and opinions might otherwise be neglected. The evidence from research on real world legal juries suggests that citizen juries often reach the same results as judges and do as well as knowledgeable professionals such as judges in processing scientific evidence and evaluating expert witnesses.Less
Deliberative panels are commonly criticized as both too subject to irrationality and excessively rational, and as producing substantively inferior results compared with more elite decision making. Each of these complaints has also been leveled at real world legal juries in civil and criminal cases, and there is an extensive base of research evaluating their merit. Jury irrationality generally refers to poorly reasoned biases being magnified or too little challenged in deliberation, a phenomenon that can be avoided or mitigated using sophisticated techniques. Excessive rationality is alleged to occur as a result of imposing a rationalistic framework with its own blind spots and unresponsive to the concerns of the underrepresented and disadvantaged, which requires ongoing attention to the diversity of juries. In the case of juristic democracy, panel diversity is under the control of facilitators, who also can even create majority minority panels composed of individuals whose perspectives and opinions might otherwise be neglected. The evidence from research on real world legal juries suggests that citizen juries often reach the same results as judges and do as well as knowledgeable professionals such as judges in processing scientific evidence and evaluating expert witnesses.
Aidan Forth
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520293960
- eISBN:
- 9780520967267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520293960.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Plague and famine camps emerged from different contingencies, but they presented similar problems in disciplining large concentrations of unruly and unhygienic colonial subjects. This chapter ...
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Plague and famine camps emerged from different contingencies, but they presented similar problems in disciplining large concentrations of unruly and unhygienic colonial subjects. This chapter examines the diverse layouts and blueprints that camps exhibited while tracing a process of standardization by which a favored camp anatomy gradually emerged and was codified in government reports and published blue books. There also developed a set of standard operating procedures for camp management as medical experts synthesized lessons in the control of epidemic diseases like cholera and smallpox. Ultimately, British officials exhibited a condescending attitude and coercive ethic towards camp inmates, whom they compelled by force to obey camp rules and regulations. By the turn of the nineteenth century, camps emerged as a recognized and ubiquitous instrument of colonial rule.Less
Plague and famine camps emerged from different contingencies, but they presented similar problems in disciplining large concentrations of unruly and unhygienic colonial subjects. This chapter examines the diverse layouts and blueprints that camps exhibited while tracing a process of standardization by which a favored camp anatomy gradually emerged and was codified in government reports and published blue books. There also developed a set of standard operating procedures for camp management as medical experts synthesized lessons in the control of epidemic diseases like cholera and smallpox. Ultimately, British officials exhibited a condescending attitude and coercive ethic towards camp inmates, whom they compelled by force to obey camp rules and regulations. By the turn of the nineteenth century, camps emerged as a recognized and ubiquitous instrument of colonial rule.
Henry Srebrnik
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814720202
- eISBN:
- 9781479878253
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814720202.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter examines how the Birobidzhan project and its doctrine of Territorialism helped the Association for Jewish Colonization in the Soviet Union (ICOR), an American Communist “front” group ...
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This chapter examines how the Birobidzhan project and its doctrine of Territorialism helped the Association for Jewish Colonization in the Soviet Union (ICOR), an American Communist “front” group founded in 1924 to support Jewish agricultural colonization in the new Soviet Union, thrive during the 1930s. The Birobidzhan project can be understood in the context of Territorialism, a form of Jewish nationalism that called for the establishment of a sovereign Jewish collective in a suitable territory anywhere in the world, and not necessarily in Israel. The Jewish Communists envisioned the creation of a “new” Jew in the Soviet Far East, rather than in Palestine. This chapter begins with an overview of the origins of the ICOR before turning to a discussion of the American Commission of Scientists and Experts' assessment of Birobidzhan and how it had convinced many Jews in the United States that Birobidzhan was a viable enterprise.Less
This chapter examines how the Birobidzhan project and its doctrine of Territorialism helped the Association for Jewish Colonization in the Soviet Union (ICOR), an American Communist “front” group founded in 1924 to support Jewish agricultural colonization in the new Soviet Union, thrive during the 1930s. The Birobidzhan project can be understood in the context of Territorialism, a form of Jewish nationalism that called for the establishment of a sovereign Jewish collective in a suitable territory anywhere in the world, and not necessarily in Israel. The Jewish Communists envisioned the creation of a “new” Jew in the Soviet Far East, rather than in Palestine. This chapter begins with an overview of the origins of the ICOR before turning to a discussion of the American Commission of Scientists and Experts' assessment of Birobidzhan and how it had convinced many Jews in the United States that Birobidzhan was a viable enterprise.
