Sabina Alkire
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199245796
- eISBN:
- 9780191600838
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199245797.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Each of the four chapters of Part I of the book synthesizes one aspect that must be specified in the operationalization of the capability approach, then proposes a framework for doing so. This third ...
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Each of the four chapters of Part I of the book synthesizes one aspect that must be specified in the operationalization of the capability approach, then proposes a framework for doing so. This third chapter considers the kind of ethical rationality that accompanies the capability approach, in which free choice between plural ends is given central place, and the information required to complete rational comparisons of diverse human development initiatives. The chapter proposes ingredients for making substantive and value judgements in dialogue with Amartya Sen's writings and concerns on related subjects. It is argued that the wider conception of rationality identified by Sen and John Finnis offer systematic ways of approaching substantive and value judgements that retain the fundamental incompleteness of the capability approach and do not impose a comprehensive doctrine of good. The different sections of the chapter are: Multidimensionality and Evaluation; Ethical Rationality in Poverty Reduction; Sen's Informational Pluralism; Sen's Principle Pluralism; Finnis's Principle Pluralism; Ethical Rationality Reconsidered; and Operational Considerations.Less
Each of the four chapters of Part I of the book synthesizes one aspect that must be specified in the operationalization of the capability approach, then proposes a framework for doing so. This third chapter considers the kind of ethical rationality that accompanies the capability approach, in which free choice between plural ends is given central place, and the information required to complete rational comparisons of diverse human development initiatives. The chapter proposes ingredients for making substantive and value judgements in dialogue with Amartya Sen's writings and concerns on related subjects. It is argued that the wider conception of rationality identified by Sen and John Finnis offer systematic ways of approaching substantive and value judgements that retain the fundamental incompleteness of the capability approach and do not impose a comprehensive doctrine of good. The different sections of the chapter are: Multidimensionality and Evaluation; Ethical Rationality in Poverty Reduction; Sen's Informational Pluralism; Sen's Principle Pluralism; Finnis's Principle Pluralism; Ethical Rationality Reconsidered; and Operational Considerations.
Yiu Chun Lo, A. Ka Tat Adamson, and John T. S. Lam
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9789888139026
- eISBN:
- 9789888180240
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139026.001.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
This book is an introductory textbook on Hong Kong’s school curriculum. Written in an approachable style using illustrative case studies, the textbook provides an introduction to the basic concepts ...
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This book is an introductory textbook on Hong Kong’s school curriculum. Written in an approachable style using illustrative case studies, the textbook provides an introduction to the basic concepts and theories of “curriculum” as a field of study. It also discusses how socio-political and economic changes as well as technology advancements help transform teachers’ roles and reshape curriculum policies. The chapters cover a wide range of topics, including curriculum design, planning, implementation and evaluation. These discussions are included to help readers critically reflect on their roles as change agents in curriculum development.Less
This book is an introductory textbook on Hong Kong’s school curriculum. Written in an approachable style using illustrative case studies, the textbook provides an introduction to the basic concepts and theories of “curriculum” as a field of study. It also discusses how socio-political and economic changes as well as technology advancements help transform teachers’ roles and reshape curriculum policies. The chapters cover a wide range of topics, including curriculum design, planning, implementation and evaluation. These discussions are included to help readers critically reflect on their roles as change agents in curriculum development.
Peter Evans and Angelika Krüger
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781447305910
- eISBN:
- 9781447307754
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447305910.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
The current economic crisis with its gloomy implications for lost generations leaves many disadvantaged young people with ever diminishing opportunities. Violent youth protests in many countries have ...
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The current economic crisis with its gloomy implications for lost generations leaves many disadvantaged young people with ever diminishing opportunities. Violent youth protests in many countries have been widely reported and different approaches called for. The Youth Empowerment Partnership Programme (YEPP) is a fully evaluated on-going international programme, funded by a consortium of American and European foundations, that has been operating and developing for over 10 years. The first phase - YEPP I – had a strong focus on evaluating the impact of YEPP in order to determine whether this approach would work in an international context. As a result YEPP's concept of change and structure were implemented in six European countries. YEPP aims to empower young people and the communities in which they live by making them central to new decision-making processes involving partnerships between public, private and independent sectors. Learning from the YEPP I evaluation, YEPP II implemented several measures to improve the approach and methodology and expanded YEPP in more than eight European countries with 18 Local Programme Sites stressing the strengthening of partnerships, sustainability and policy advocacy. Youth and community empowerment in Europe provides the theoretical context for this programme and gives a full account of the process and outcomes of over ten years of joint effort in its unique development and research process. The book also reflects upon the lessons learnt for future policy, including developing effective evaluation strategies. It will appeal to practitioners, researchers, policymakers and decision-makers in foundations.Less
The current economic crisis with its gloomy implications for lost generations leaves many disadvantaged young people with ever diminishing opportunities. Violent youth protests in many countries have been widely reported and different approaches called for. The Youth Empowerment Partnership Programme (YEPP) is a fully evaluated on-going international programme, funded by a consortium of American and European foundations, that has been operating and developing for over 10 years. The first phase - YEPP I – had a strong focus on evaluating the impact of YEPP in order to determine whether this approach would work in an international context. As a result YEPP's concept of change and structure were implemented in six European countries. YEPP aims to empower young people and the communities in which they live by making them central to new decision-making processes involving partnerships between public, private and independent sectors. Learning from the YEPP I evaluation, YEPP II implemented several measures to improve the approach and methodology and expanded YEPP in more than eight European countries with 18 Local Programme Sites stressing the strengthening of partnerships, sustainability and policy advocacy. Youth and community empowerment in Europe provides the theoretical context for this programme and gives a full account of the process and outcomes of over ten years of joint effort in its unique development and research process. The book also reflects upon the lessons learnt for future policy, including developing effective evaluation strategies. It will appeal to practitioners, researchers, policymakers and decision-makers in foundations.
William J. Rust
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813135786
- eISBN:
- 9780813136844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813135786.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter reviews the August 1956 and subsequent agreements between the RLG and the Pathet Lao to establish a neutral, coalition government in Laos. These agreements triggered a concerted U.S. ...
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This chapter reviews the August 1956 and subsequent agreements between the RLG and the Pathet Lao to establish a neutral, coalition government in Laos. These agreements triggered a concerted U.S. effort to undermine Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma. Ambassador J. Graham Parsons, the Eisenhower administration official most closely identified with Laos, is just one of many U.S. officials whose roles in this effort are discussed. In addition to examining the CIA political action campaign against Souvanna, the chapter discusses the agency's conspicuous presence in Laos. Other significant topics are the Programs Evaluation Office (PEO), the quasi-covert agency overseeing U.S. military assistance to the RLG, initially led Brig. Gen. Rothwell H. Brown (retired); and the notoriously dysfunctional U.S. economic aid program in Laos.Less
This chapter reviews the August 1956 and subsequent agreements between the RLG and the Pathet Lao to establish a neutral, coalition government in Laos. These agreements triggered a concerted U.S. effort to undermine Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma. Ambassador J. Graham Parsons, the Eisenhower administration official most closely identified with Laos, is just one of many U.S. officials whose roles in this effort are discussed. In addition to examining the CIA political action campaign against Souvanna, the chapter discusses the agency's conspicuous presence in Laos. Other significant topics are the Programs Evaluation Office (PEO), the quasi-covert agency overseeing U.S. military assistance to the RLG, initially led Brig. Gen. Rothwell H. Brown (retired); and the notoriously dysfunctional U.S. economic aid program in Laos.
Leonard A. Jason
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199841851
- eISBN:
- 9780199315901
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199841851.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Principles of Social Change offers a comprehensive guide to the development of community interventions and provides the tools and resources to initiate and sustain progress. I examine ...
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Principles of Social Change offers a comprehensive guide to the development of community interventions and provides the tools and resources to initiate and sustain progress. I examine various strategies developed by community activists, coalitions, and social scientists to break down what motivates people. What worked and why? What can be applied to other scenarios? I also discuss practical solutions to complicated issues, such as protecting children’s well-being, combating abuses of power, providing affordable housing, and cleaning up the environment. These ideas are designed to bring about enduring systemic changes at all levels of community life. Although activists such as Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa, Saul Alinsky, Jane Addams, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King Jr. have effected transformational change, everyday citizens and social entrepreneurs have also made tremendously important and sustainable contributions. The five principles reviewed in this book can be used by anyone who wants to bring comprehensive, structural solutions to some of our most vexing social issues. These principles and strategies demonstrate that there is, in fact, a tangible way to achieve change—ordinary people throughout history have done it. This guide is intended for anyone with a desire to improve his or her community. It is expressly for activists with a wide range of causes, from changing environmental regulations to helping disadvantaged children, or other complicated social problems. The five principles described in this book are essential to solving these problems, and they carry the potential to influence new generations of engaged citizens, community activists, and students of psychology and related social sciences. By understanding these principles, community leaders and activists will be poised to bring about a more just and humane society.Less
Principles of Social Change offers a comprehensive guide to the development of community interventions and provides the tools and resources to initiate and sustain progress. I examine various strategies developed by community activists, coalitions, and social scientists to break down what motivates people. What worked and why? What can be applied to other scenarios? I also discuss practical solutions to complicated issues, such as protecting children’s well-being, combating abuses of power, providing affordable housing, and cleaning up the environment. These ideas are designed to bring about enduring systemic changes at all levels of community life. Although activists such as Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa, Saul Alinsky, Jane Addams, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King Jr. have effected transformational change, everyday citizens and social entrepreneurs have also made tremendously important and sustainable contributions. The five principles reviewed in this book can be used by anyone who wants to bring comprehensive, structural solutions to some of our most vexing social issues. These principles and strategies demonstrate that there is, in fact, a tangible way to achieve change—ordinary people throughout history have done it. This guide is intended for anyone with a desire to improve his or her community. It is expressly for activists with a wide range of causes, from changing environmental regulations to helping disadvantaged children, or other complicated social problems. The five principles described in this book are essential to solving these problems, and they carry the potential to influence new generations of engaged citizens, community activists, and students of psychology and related social sciences. By understanding these principles, community leaders and activists will be poised to bring about a more just and humane society.
Ed Bates
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199207992
- eISBN:
- 9780191728440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207992.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, EU Law
This chapter begins by discussing the crisis of workload that has faced the new European Court of Human Rights since 1998. It then identifies new trends in the case law since that year, serious ...
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This chapter begins by discussing the crisis of workload that has faced the new European Court of Human Rights since 1998. It then identifies new trends in the case law since that year, serious violations of human rights, post ‘enlargement’ case law, and repetitive violations of the Convention. The third part of the chapter assesses how the Strasbourg Court has adapted to meet these new challenges, which includes an analysis of its general working methods, and of new initiatives such as the pilot judgment procedure. It discusses the process of formal reform of the Convention, the relevant section chronicling the work of the Evaluation Group, the drafting of Protocol 14, the 2004 ‘reform package’, and the Group of Wise Persons. Russia's delayed ratification of Protocol 14 is discussed. Finally, the Interlaken Declaration of 2010 is examined.Less
This chapter begins by discussing the crisis of workload that has faced the new European Court of Human Rights since 1998. It then identifies new trends in the case law since that year, serious violations of human rights, post ‘enlargement’ case law, and repetitive violations of the Convention. The third part of the chapter assesses how the Strasbourg Court has adapted to meet these new challenges, which includes an analysis of its general working methods, and of new initiatives such as the pilot judgment procedure. It discusses the process of formal reform of the Convention, the relevant section chronicling the work of the Evaluation Group, the drafting of Protocol 14, the 2004 ‘reform package’, and the Group of Wise Persons. Russia's delayed ratification of Protocol 14 is discussed. Finally, the Interlaken Declaration of 2010 is examined.
Leonard A. Jason
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199841851
- eISBN:
- 9780199315901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199841851.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Our last principle of social change, covered in Chapter 5, involves measuring success in terms of what has been accomplished and what is still to be achieved. Multiple methods are needed to analyze ...
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Our last principle of social change, covered in Chapter 5, involves measuring success in terms of what has been accomplished and what is still to be achieved. Multiple methods are needed to analyze both the nature of a social problem and its possible solutions. These methods include documenting changes in policy, observing changes in practice, and gathering self-reported data from people within the community. Chapter 5 also examines how these types of methods have been successfully used on an array of policy issues, including litter abatement, handicapped parking, and media-based studies. No matter what the different strategies, types of measurements must be developed to define and detect when, and if, change has occurred. In determining how and what to measure, we go straight to the source, working with community members who are directly affected by the environments being altered.Less
Our last principle of social change, covered in Chapter 5, involves measuring success in terms of what has been accomplished and what is still to be achieved. Multiple methods are needed to analyze both the nature of a social problem and its possible solutions. These methods include documenting changes in policy, observing changes in practice, and gathering self-reported data from people within the community. Chapter 5 also examines how these types of methods have been successfully used on an array of policy issues, including litter abatement, handicapped parking, and media-based studies. No matter what the different strategies, types of measurements must be developed to define and detect when, and if, change has occurred. In determining how and what to measure, we go straight to the source, working with community members who are directly affected by the environments being altered.
Ian Shaw
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231166409
- eISBN:
- 9780231541602
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231166409.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
In mapping the range of scientific allegiances to social justice, I draw on the evaluation field to distinguish nonpartisan, multipartisan, reformist, and critical theory positions. I then go on to ...
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In mapping the range of scientific allegiances to social justice, I draw on the evaluation field to distinguish nonpartisan, multipartisan, reformist, and critical theory positions. I then go on to ask how positions on social justice are related to methodological choices, consider ways in which we should think of citizens and service users as having scientific knowledge about social work that shapes the justice agenda, and conclude the chapter with an exploration of arguments about insider and outsider status, standpoint theory, and feminist social work science.Less
In mapping the range of scientific allegiances to social justice, I draw on the evaluation field to distinguish nonpartisan, multipartisan, reformist, and critical theory positions. I then go on to ask how positions on social justice are related to methodological choices, consider ways in which we should think of citizens and service users as having scientific knowledge about social work that shapes the justice agenda, and conclude the chapter with an exploration of arguments about insider and outsider status, standpoint theory, and feminist social work science.
Fred Wulczyn, Bridgette Lery, and Lonnie Snowden
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199973729
- eISBN:
- 9780199386703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199973729.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
The Multisite Evaluation of Foster Youth Programs represents the first attempt to evaluate independent living programs for children aging out of care using experimental methods. The chapter describes ...
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The Multisite Evaluation of Foster Youth Programs represents the first attempt to evaluate independent living programs for children aging out of care using experimental methods. The chapter describes the study and its findings. Based on lessons learned from this evaluation, the authors argue that the study demonstrated that experimental methods can be used to rigorously evaluate a wide range of child welfare. At the same time, the authors describe some of the challenges of learning from experimental evaluation in complex areas of human services delivery. Challenges identified include: changes in policy context that lead to changes in the intervention or the counterfactual condition; limited external validity reflecting the unique characteristics of service delivery systems; distinguishing between the impact of “programs” and “practice”; and, limitations of experimental designs for assessing the impact of policy change.Less
The Multisite Evaluation of Foster Youth Programs represents the first attempt to evaluate independent living programs for children aging out of care using experimental methods. The chapter describes the study and its findings. Based on lessons learned from this evaluation, the authors argue that the study demonstrated that experimental methods can be used to rigorously evaluate a wide range of child welfare. At the same time, the authors describe some of the challenges of learning from experimental evaluation in complex areas of human services delivery. Challenges identified include: changes in policy context that lead to changes in the intervention or the counterfactual condition; limited external validity reflecting the unique characteristics of service delivery systems; distinguishing between the impact of “programs” and “practice”; and, limitations of experimental designs for assessing the impact of policy change.
Carol M. Ashton and Nelda P. Wray
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199968565
- eISBN:
- 9780199346080
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199968565.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
The principles of design, conduct, analysis and reporting of clinical trials, including trials conducted for regulatory purposes, are sufficiently advanced that drugs and other therapeutic ...
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The principles of design, conduct, analysis and reporting of clinical trials, including trials conducted for regulatory purposes, are sufficiently advanced that drugs and other therapeutic interventions can be put to fair tests that provide valid evidence of efficacy and safety. However, clinical research—especially research that can make a product a winner or a loser—is not a value-free human endeavor. The rosiglitazone story exemplifies how medical product manufacturers can manipulate regulatory evidence by designing trials to ensure certain answers are—or are not—obtained, how companies can try to intimidate scientists whose research yields unfavorable evidence about a product, and how ambiguous can be the evidence from clinical trials. Federally-mandated comparative effectiveness research does not generate evidence used in product regulation, but it generates evidence that has market implications. It therefore will always be at risk for the same kinds of manipulation observed in the rosiglitazone saga.Less
The principles of design, conduct, analysis and reporting of clinical trials, including trials conducted for regulatory purposes, are sufficiently advanced that drugs and other therapeutic interventions can be put to fair tests that provide valid evidence of efficacy and safety. However, clinical research—especially research that can make a product a winner or a loser—is not a value-free human endeavor. The rosiglitazone story exemplifies how medical product manufacturers can manipulate regulatory evidence by designing trials to ensure certain answers are—or are not—obtained, how companies can try to intimidate scientists whose research yields unfavorable evidence about a product, and how ambiguous can be the evidence from clinical trials. Federally-mandated comparative effectiveness research does not generate evidence used in product regulation, but it generates evidence that has market implications. It therefore will always be at risk for the same kinds of manipulation observed in the rosiglitazone saga.
