Bernhard Thibaut
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296454
- eISBN:
- 9780191600036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296452.003.0019
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
This chapter on elections and electoral systems in Eritrea follows the same format as all the other country chapters in the book. The first section is introductory and contains a historical overview, ...
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This chapter on elections and electoral systems in Eritrea follows the same format as all the other country chapters in the book. The first section is introductory and contains a historical overview, discussion of the evolution of electoral provisions, an account of the current electoral provisions, and a comment on the electoral statistics. The second section consists of ten tables. These are: 2.1 Dates of National Elections, Referendums, and Coups d’Etat (there have been no national elections or coups d’état); 2.2 Electoral Body 1993 (this resulted from a referendum in 1993; data are given on population size, registered voters, and votes cast); 2.3 Abbreviations (abbreviations and full names of political parties and alliances used in tables 2.6, 2.7, and 2.9); 2.4 Electoral Participation of Parties and Alliances (no elections have been held yet); 2.5 Referendum 1993 (details of registered voters and votes cast); 2.6 Elections for Constitutional Assembly (none held); 2.7 Parliamentary Elections (none held); 2.8 Composition of Parliament (details are given of the current legislative); 2.9 Presidential Elections (direct elections are not held); and 2.10 List of Power Holders 1991–1998.Less
This chapter on elections and electoral systems in Eritrea follows the same format as all the other country chapters in the book. The first section is introductory and contains a historical overview, discussion of the evolution of electoral provisions, an account of the current electoral provisions, and a comment on the electoral statistics. The second section consists of ten tables. These are: 2.1 Dates of National Elections, Referendums, and Coups d’Etat (there have been no national elections or coups d’état); 2.2 Electoral Body 1993 (this resulted from a referendum in 1993; data are given on population size, registered voters, and votes cast); 2.3 Abbreviations (abbreviations and full names of political parties and alliances used in tables 2.6, 2.7, and 2.9); 2.4 Electoral Participation of Parties and Alliances (no elections have been held yet); 2.5 Referendum 1993 (details of registered voters and votes cast); 2.6 Elections for Constitutional Assembly (none held); 2.7 Parliamentary Elections (none held); 2.8 Composition of Parliament (details are given of the current legislative); 2.9 Presidential Elections (direct elections are not held); and 2.10 List of Power Holders 1991–1998.
Bereket Habte Selassie
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199246465
- eISBN:
- 9780191600135
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199246467.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Outlines the historical background, since the Italian colonization of 1890, to the ratification of Eritrea's constitution on 23 May 1997, which marked the end of 30 years of secessional war with ...
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Outlines the historical background, since the Italian colonization of 1890, to the ratification of Eritrea's constitution on 23 May 1997, which marked the end of 30 years of secessional war with Ethiopia. It recounts the work of the Constitutional Commission of Eritrea, appointed in the wake of the referendum of 1993, in devising and establishing constitutional government for an independent Eritrea. It describes the consultative processes employed and the constitutional architecture produced. The chapter concludes with a prognosis for the country's future democratic stability.Less
Outlines the historical background, since the Italian colonization of 1890, to the ratification of Eritrea's constitution on 23 May 1997, which marked the end of 30 years of secessional war with Ethiopia. It recounts the work of the Constitutional Commission of Eritrea, appointed in the wake of the referendum of 1993, in devising and establishing constitutional government for an independent Eritrea. It describes the consultative processes employed and the constitutional architecture produced. The chapter concludes with a prognosis for the country's future democratic stability.
Tony Addison
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199261031
- eISBN:
- 9780191698712
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261031.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter focuses on five conflict-affected countries in Africa: Angola, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique. It discusses their history and political and economic transitions and ...
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This chapter focuses on five conflict-affected countries in Africa: Angola, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique. It discusses their history and political and economic transitions and then examines their present predicament. The chapter concludes by setting out the different future paths, both good and bad, that might be followed by Africa's other conflict-affected countries.Less
This chapter focuses on five conflict-affected countries in Africa: Angola, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique. It discusses their history and political and economic transitions and then examines their present predicament. The chapter concludes by setting out the different future paths, both good and bad, that might be followed by Africa's other conflict-affected countries.
Gaim Kibreab
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199261031
- eISBN:
- 9780191698712
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261031.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter assesses the resettlement process in Eritrea. It examines the basic features of the process, contrasting those who received help with those who settled themselves without much ...
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This chapter assesses the resettlement process in Eritrea. It examines the basic features of the process, contrasting those who received help with those who settled themselves without much assistance. The chapter then describes the critical role of access to land and common property resources, and discusses the environmental dimensions of resettlement and government land-tenure interventions. It also highlights the central role played by social capital developed during the thirty-year liberation war in easing settlement and then examines the state capacity in the resettlement process. The chapter concludes that resettlement was facilitated by effective public administration, unity of purpose, robust social capital, receptive communities, and a system of property rights that was supportive.Less
This chapter assesses the resettlement process in Eritrea. It examines the basic features of the process, contrasting those who received help with those who settled themselves without much assistance. The chapter then describes the critical role of access to land and common property resources, and discusses the environmental dimensions of resettlement and government land-tenure interventions. It also highlights the central role played by social capital developed during the thirty-year liberation war in easing settlement and then examines the state capacity in the resettlement process. The chapter concludes that resettlement was facilitated by effective public administration, unity of purpose, robust social capital, receptive communities, and a system of property rights that was supportive.
GÖte Hansson
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199261031
- eISBN:
- 9780191698712
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261031.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter focuses on the building of political institutions in Eritrea after formal independence was declared on 1993. It discusses two agendas which the new state faced: first, transforming the ...
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This chapter focuses on the building of political institutions in Eritrea after formal independence was declared on 1993. It discusses two agendas which the new state faced: first, transforming the political apparatus of the national liberation struggle into a set of political institutions suitable to peacetime politics; second, creating the economic strategies and institutions necessary to transform the Derg's economic legacy. Considerable progress was made in the first years of independence but in May 1998 a border conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia escalated into a war that continued until the cease-fire of June 2000. This chapter discusses the economic roots of the war as its social and economic impact. It concludes by noting the dangers that the 1998–2000 war poses to the creation of a development state in both Eritrea and Ethiopia.Less
This chapter focuses on the building of political institutions in Eritrea after formal independence was declared on 1993. It discusses two agendas which the new state faced: first, transforming the political apparatus of the national liberation struggle into a set of political institutions suitable to peacetime politics; second, creating the economic strategies and institutions necessary to transform the Derg's economic legacy. Considerable progress was made in the first years of independence but in May 1998 a border conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia escalated into a war that continued until the cease-fire of June 2000. This chapter discusses the economic roots of the war as its social and economic impact. It concludes by noting the dangers that the 1998–2000 war poses to the creation of a development state in both Eritrea and Ethiopia.
Richard J. Reid
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199211883
- eISBN:
- 9780191725135
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211883.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This book offers a historical analysis of violent conflict in north-east Africa through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The book deals with a broad corridor of conflict incorporating the ...
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This book offers a historical analysis of violent conflict in north-east Africa through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The book deals with a broad corridor of conflict incorporating the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands and their escarpment and lowland peripheries, stretching between the modern Eritrean Red Sea coast and the southern and eastern borderlands of present-day Ethiopia. Sudanese and Somali frontiers are also examined insofar as they can be related to ethnic, political and religious conflict, and the violent state- and empire-building processes which have defined the region since c.1800. The book argues that this modern warfare is not solely the product of modern political ‘failure’, but rather has its origins in a network of frontier zones which are both violent and creative. Such borderlands have given rise to markedly militarized political cultures, which are rooted in the violence of the nineteenth century and which in recent decades are manifest in authoritarian systems of government. The book thus traces the history of Amhara and Tigrayan imperialisms, to the nationalist and ethnic revolutions which represented the march of volatile borderlands on the hegemonic centre. This book suggests a new interpretation of Ethiopian and Eritrean history, arguing that the key to understanding the region's turbulent present lies in an appreciation of the role of the armed, and politically fertile, frontier in its deeper past.Less
This book offers a historical analysis of violent conflict in north-east Africa through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The book deals with a broad corridor of conflict incorporating the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands and their escarpment and lowland peripheries, stretching between the modern Eritrean Red Sea coast and the southern and eastern borderlands of present-day Ethiopia. Sudanese and Somali frontiers are also examined insofar as they can be related to ethnic, political and religious conflict, and the violent state- and empire-building processes which have defined the region since c.1800. The book argues that this modern warfare is not solely the product of modern political ‘failure’, but rather has its origins in a network of frontier zones which are both violent and creative. Such borderlands have given rise to markedly militarized political cultures, which are rooted in the violence of the nineteenth century and which in recent decades are manifest in authoritarian systems of government. The book thus traces the history of Amhara and Tigrayan imperialisms, to the nationalist and ethnic revolutions which represented the march of volatile borderlands on the hegemonic centre. This book suggests a new interpretation of Ethiopian and Eritrean history, arguing that the key to understanding the region's turbulent present lies in an appreciation of the role of the armed, and politically fertile, frontier in its deeper past.
Howard M. Holtzmann and Edda Kristjánsdóttir (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199207442
- eISBN:
- 9780191708695
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207442.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Private International Law
This book analyzes a significant procedural innovation in international law — the development of mass claims processes. Mass claims processes have become increasingly important phenomena in ...
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This book analyzes a significant procedural innovation in international law — the development of mass claims processes. Mass claims processes have become increasingly important phenomena in international dispute resolution. This is the first book to provide comprehensive information for a systematic comparison and analysis of the legal issues and practical matters involved in their establishment and operation. This book considers eleven of the highest profile modern mass claims tribunals and commissions created to redress large-scale losses. These include processes resolving claims arising from the Iranian Revolution, Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, the Holocaust, and conflicts in the Former Yugoslavia and between Eritrea and Ethiopia. The book identifies and focuses on forty-seven basic issues that experience shows typically arise with respect to international mass claims processes, offering descriptions and commentary on the ways in which the various processes have approached each issue. Much of the information gathered in this book is not publicly available elsewhere and is based on the knowledge and experience of the 25 members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration's Steering Committee on mass claims processes, experts who have either served on the processes or otherwise been directly engaged in their activities.Less
This book analyzes a significant procedural innovation in international law — the development of mass claims processes. Mass claims processes have become increasingly important phenomena in international dispute resolution. This is the first book to provide comprehensive information for a systematic comparison and analysis of the legal issues and practical matters involved in their establishment and operation. This book considers eleven of the highest profile modern mass claims tribunals and commissions created to redress large-scale losses. These include processes resolving claims arising from the Iranian Revolution, Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, the Holocaust, and conflicts in the Former Yugoslavia and between Eritrea and Ethiopia. The book identifies and focuses on forty-seven basic issues that experience shows typically arise with respect to international mass claims processes, offering descriptions and commentary on the ways in which the various processes have approached each issue. Much of the information gathered in this book is not publicly available elsewhere and is based on the knowledge and experience of the 25 members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration's Steering Committee on mass claims processes, experts who have either served on the processes or otherwise been directly engaged in their activities.
Assefaw Tekeste Ghebrekidan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195310276
- eISBN:
- 9780199865369
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310276.003.01
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter presents an account of the plight of the people living in the Sahel, one of Eritrea's most inaccessible regions. It describes the devastation wrought by thirty years of war. It recounts ...
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This chapter presents an account of the plight of the people living in the Sahel, one of Eritrea's most inaccessible regions. It describes the devastation wrought by thirty years of war. It recounts experiences serving as a medical cadre among the pastoralist communities, particularly describes the impromptu cooperation between a liberation front and a marginalized population totally unaware of politics.Less
This chapter presents an account of the plight of the people living in the Sahel, one of Eritrea's most inaccessible regions. It describes the devastation wrought by thirty years of war. It recounts experiences serving as a medical cadre among the pastoralist communities, particularly describes the impromptu cooperation between a liberation front and a marginalized population totally unaware of politics.
Richard J. Reid
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199211883
- eISBN:
- 9780191725135
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211883.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This introductory chapter sets the scene in the present day, describing the historical interconnectedness of a range of contemporary conflict across and between Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia. The ...
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This introductory chapter sets the scene in the present day, describing the historical interconnectedness of a range of contemporary conflict across and between Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia. The Prologue introduces the idea that these conflicts have complex genealogies of some antiquity. It outlines the key themes to be pursued in the book—including the significance of militarism and the role of violent fault lines—and summarises the main ethnic and political actors at the heart of the narrative, as well as the book's geographical focus.Less
This introductory chapter sets the scene in the present day, describing the historical interconnectedness of a range of contemporary conflict across and between Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia. The Prologue introduces the idea that these conflicts have complex genealogies of some antiquity. It outlines the key themes to be pursued in the book—including the significance of militarism and the role of violent fault lines—and summarises the main ethnic and political actors at the heart of the narrative, as well as the book's geographical focus.
Richard J. Reid
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199211883
- eISBN:
- 9780191725135
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211883.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter explores the nature and significance of the period of European colonial rule in the region, encompassing the Italian administration of Eritrea and Somalia, and the British Military ...
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This chapter explores the nature and significance of the period of European colonial rule in the region, encompassing the Italian administration of Eritrea and Somalia, and the British Military Administration in Eritrea. The tangible impact of European colonialism is examined, notably in terms of the hardening of perceived divisions and increasingly militarized identities; of particular importance is the impact of Italian rule in Eritrea in exacerbating extant ‘trans-Mereb’ patterns of violence and resistance, and creating certain new ones. Equally, the role of the British Military Administration (BMA) was important in creating conditions whereby identities might be more forcefully articulated than had been the case previously. Yet in many respects European colonial rule was co-opted into extant patterns of regional conflict. Alongside the shifta insurgency in Eritrea in the 1940s and the emergence of competing nationalisms, pro-independence and unionist, there is also discussion of the Somali ‘question’, and in particular of the Ogaden.Less
This chapter explores the nature and significance of the period of European colonial rule in the region, encompassing the Italian administration of Eritrea and Somalia, and the British Military Administration in Eritrea. The tangible impact of European colonialism is examined, notably in terms of the hardening of perceived divisions and increasingly militarized identities; of particular importance is the impact of Italian rule in Eritrea in exacerbating extant ‘trans-Mereb’ patterns of violence and resistance, and creating certain new ones. Equally, the role of the British Military Administration (BMA) was important in creating conditions whereby identities might be more forcefully articulated than had been the case previously. Yet in many respects European colonial rule was co-opted into extant patterns of regional conflict. Alongside the shifta insurgency in Eritrea in the 1940s and the emergence of competing nationalisms, pro-independence and unionist, there is also discussion of the Somali ‘question’, and in particular of the Ogaden.
