Hillel Kieval
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520214101
- eISBN:
- 9780520921160
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520214101.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book examines the contours and distinctive features of Jewish experience in the lands of Bohemia and Moravia (the present-day Czech Republic), from the late eighteenth to the late twentieth ...
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This book examines the contours and distinctive features of Jewish experience in the lands of Bohemia and Moravia (the present-day Czech Republic), from the late eighteenth to the late twentieth century. In the Czech lands, the book states, Jews have felt the need constantly to define and articulate the nature of group identity, cultural loyalty, memory, and social cohesiveness, and the period of “modernizing” absolutism, which began in 1780, brought changes of enormous significance. From that time forward, new relationships with Gentile society and with the culture of the state blurred the traditional outlines of community and individual identity. The book navigates skillfully among histories and myths as well as demography, biography, culture, and politics, illuminating the maze of allegiances and alliances that have molded the Jewish experience during these 200 years.Less
This book examines the contours and distinctive features of Jewish experience in the lands of Bohemia and Moravia (the present-day Czech Republic), from the late eighteenth to the late twentieth century. In the Czech lands, the book states, Jews have felt the need constantly to define and articulate the nature of group identity, cultural loyalty, memory, and social cohesiveness, and the period of “modernizing” absolutism, which began in 1780, brought changes of enormous significance. From that time forward, new relationships with Gentile society and with the culture of the state blurred the traditional outlines of community and individual identity. The book navigates skillfully among histories and myths as well as demography, biography, culture, and politics, illuminating the maze of allegiances and alliances that have molded the Jewish experience during these 200 years.
Monika Baár
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199581184
- eISBN:
- 9780191722806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199581184.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Chapter 1, ‘Five Biographical Profiles’, is dedicated to the discussion of the five historians' lives and writings on an individual basis. It thus contains the intellectual and political ...
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Chapter 1, ‘Five Biographical Profiles’, is dedicated to the discussion of the five historians' lives and writings on an individual basis. It thus contains the intellectual and political mini‐biographies of Joachim Lelewel (Polish, 1786–1861), Simonas Daukantas (Lithuanian, 1793–1864), František Palacký (Czech, 1798–1876), Mihály Horváth (Hungarian, 1804–78) and Mihail Kogălniceanu (Romanian, 1818–91). It considers their political and academic careers and the relationship between the two. It looks at the social milieu to which they were born, their education, what motivated them to become historians and the intellectual atmosphere in which they pursued their studies and which may well have been influential in their subsequent scholarly ventures. It touches on the milestones in their lives and professional careers, their salient writings and activities, and the most important shifts in their life‐work.Less
Chapter 1, ‘Five Biographical Profiles’, is dedicated to the discussion of the five historians' lives and writings on an individual basis. It thus contains the intellectual and political mini‐biographies of Joachim Lelewel (Polish, 1786–1861), Simonas Daukantas (Lithuanian, 1793–1864), František Palacký (Czech, 1798–1876), Mihály Horváth (Hungarian, 1804–78) and Mihail Kogălniceanu (Romanian, 1818–91). It considers their political and academic careers and the relationship between the two. It looks at the social milieu to which they were born, their education, what motivated them to become historians and the intellectual atmosphere in which they pursued their studies and which may well have been influential in their subsequent scholarly ventures. It touches on the milestones in their lives and professional careers, their salient writings and activities, and the most important shifts in their life‐work.
Rita Krueger
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195323450
- eISBN:
- 9780199869138
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195323450.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book examines the intellectual ideas and political challenges that inspired patriotic activity among the Bohemian nobility, the infusion of national identity into public and institutional life, ...
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This book examines the intellectual ideas and political challenges that inspired patriotic activity among the Bohemian nobility, the infusion of national identity into public and institutional life, and the role of the nobility in crafting and supporting the national ideal within Habsburg Bohemia. Patriotic aristocrats created the visible and public institutional framework that cultivated national sentiment and provided the national movement with a degree of intellectual and social legitimacy. The book argues that the mutating identity of the aristocracy was tied both to insecurity and to a belief in the power of science to address social problems, commitment to the ideals of enlightenment as well as individual and social improvement, and profound confidence that progress was inevitable and that intellectual achievement would save society. The argument, that class mattered to the degree that it was irrelevant, intersects with several important historical questions beyond theories of nationalism, including debates about modernization and the longevity of aristocratic power, the nature of the public sphere and class, and the measurable impact of science, and intellectual movements on social and political life. The book is organized thematically to reflect the central argument that critical nation building was located in nascent institutions that incorporated fundamentally new ways of thinking about community, culture, competition, and status.Less
This book examines the intellectual ideas and political challenges that inspired patriotic activity among the Bohemian nobility, the infusion of national identity into public and institutional life, and the role of the nobility in crafting and supporting the national ideal within Habsburg Bohemia. Patriotic aristocrats created the visible and public institutional framework that cultivated national sentiment and provided the national movement with a degree of intellectual and social legitimacy. The book argues that the mutating identity of the aristocracy was tied both to insecurity and to a belief in the power of science to address social problems, commitment to the ideals of enlightenment as well as individual and social improvement, and profound confidence that progress was inevitable and that intellectual achievement would save society. The argument, that class mattered to the degree that it was irrelevant, intersects with several important historical questions beyond theories of nationalism, including debates about modernization and the longevity of aristocratic power, the nature of the public sphere and class, and the measurable impact of science, and intellectual movements on social and political life. The book is organized thematically to reflect the central argument that critical nation building was located in nascent institutions that incorporated fundamentally new ways of thinking about community, culture, competition, and status.
Rita Krueger
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195323450
- eISBN:
- 9780199869138
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195323450.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The book's third chapter focuses on the intellectual institutions established in Bohemia between the 1740s and the second decade of the nineteenth century, and places them in the context of broader ...
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The book's third chapter focuses on the intellectual institutions established in Bohemia between the 1740s and the second decade of the nineteenth century, and places them in the context of broader institutional change within Europe and the Habsburg lands. The analysis in this chapter covers the motivations behind the founding of individual institutions as well as their impact on the subsequent development of the intelligentsia and the national community. The chapter argues that despite the continued emphasis of court life, the new sociability of the salon and academy at the turn of the eighteenth century offered a social enclave operating separate from the state, with significant political repercussions for nation building.Less
The book's third chapter focuses on the intellectual institutions established in Bohemia between the 1740s and the second decade of the nineteenth century, and places them in the context of broader institutional change within Europe and the Habsburg lands. The analysis in this chapter covers the motivations behind the founding of individual institutions as well as their impact on the subsequent development of the intelligentsia and the national community. The chapter argues that despite the continued emphasis of court life, the new sociability of the salon and academy at the turn of the eighteenth century offered a social enclave operating separate from the state, with significant political repercussions for nation building.
Helen Smith
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199651580
- eISBN:
- 9780191741654
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199651580.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
Chapter Two addresses the question of patronage, briefly charting existing scholarship in the field before moving on to examine a number of neglected sources, which offer more concrete evidence of ...
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Chapter Two addresses the question of patronage, briefly charting existing scholarship in the field before moving on to examine a number of neglected sources, which offer more concrete evidence of the range, variety and rewards of early modern women's patronage. The chapter continues the theme of translation by exploring evidence of women's commission of translated texts, suggesting an ideological and practical link between women and vernacular literacy. The final section moves beyond questions of authorship and writing to explore women's patronage of particular printers, offering a challenge to recent accounts of the decline of patronage in the face of a burgeoning print marketplace.Less
Chapter Two addresses the question of patronage, briefly charting existing scholarship in the field before moving on to examine a number of neglected sources, which offer more concrete evidence of the range, variety and rewards of early modern women's patronage. The chapter continues the theme of translation by exploring evidence of women's commission of translated texts, suggesting an ideological and practical link between women and vernacular literacy. The final section moves beyond questions of authorship and writing to explore women's patronage of particular printers, offering a challenge to recent accounts of the decline of patronage in the face of a burgeoning print marketplace.
Shawn Chandler Bingham and Lindsey A. Freeman (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469631677
- eISBN:
- 9781469631691
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631677.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
From the southern influence on nineteenth-century New York to the musical legacy of late-twentieth-century Athens, Georgia, to the cutting-edge cuisines of twenty-first-century Asheville, North ...
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From the southern influence on nineteenth-century New York to the musical legacy of late-twentieth-century Athens, Georgia, to the cutting-edge cuisines of twenty-first-century Asheville, North Carolina, the bohemian South has long contested traditional views of the region. Yet, even as the fruits of this creative South have famously been celebrated, exported, and expropriated, the region long was labeled a cultural backwater. This timely and illuminating collection uses bohemia as a novel lens for reconsidering more traditional views of the South. Exploring wide-ranging locales, such as Athens, Austin, Black Mountain College, Knoxville, Memphis, New Orleans, and North Carolina’s Research Triangle, each essay challenges popular interpretations of the South, while highlighting important bohemian sub- and countercultures. The Bohemian South provides an important perspective in the New South as an epicenter for progress, innovation, and experimentation.Less
From the southern influence on nineteenth-century New York to the musical legacy of late-twentieth-century Athens, Georgia, to the cutting-edge cuisines of twenty-first-century Asheville, North Carolina, the bohemian South has long contested traditional views of the region. Yet, even as the fruits of this creative South have famously been celebrated, exported, and expropriated, the region long was labeled a cultural backwater. This timely and illuminating collection uses bohemia as a novel lens for reconsidering more traditional views of the South. Exploring wide-ranging locales, such as Athens, Austin, Black Mountain College, Knoxville, Memphis, New Orleans, and North Carolina’s Research Triangle, each essay challenges popular interpretations of the South, while highlighting important bohemian sub- and countercultures. The Bohemian South provides an important perspective in the New South as an epicenter for progress, innovation, and experimentation.
Eagle Glassheim
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263914
- eISBN:
- 9780191734359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263914.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Although fascism has often been considered a plebeian, even radically egalitarian ideology, many of its outspoken proponents were members of the old European elite: nobles, clericalists and ...
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Although fascism has often been considered a plebeian, even radically egalitarian ideology, many of its outspoken proponents were members of the old European elite: nobles, clericalists and representatives of the haute bourgeoisie. Historians of Nazi Germany have puzzled over the affinity of German conservatives such as Paul von Hindenburg and Franz von Papen to Adolf Hitler's National Socialist version of fascism. A small but extremely wealthy noble elite struggled to maintain its long-standing social, economic and political influence in Bohemia. By the late nineteenth century, the Bohemian nobility was a self-consciously traditional social group with a decidedly modern economic relationship to agrarian and industrial capitalism. This chapter examines the response of the Bohemian aristocracy to the new state of Czechoslovakia. This restricted caste of cosmopolitan latifundist families was more German than Czech in sentiment, and further alienated by land reform. The aristocrats entertained divergent assessments of Nazism and responded in different ways to the crisis of the state by 1938.Less
Although fascism has often been considered a plebeian, even radically egalitarian ideology, many of its outspoken proponents were members of the old European elite: nobles, clericalists and representatives of the haute bourgeoisie. Historians of Nazi Germany have puzzled over the affinity of German conservatives such as Paul von Hindenburg and Franz von Papen to Adolf Hitler's National Socialist version of fascism. A small but extremely wealthy noble elite struggled to maintain its long-standing social, economic and political influence in Bohemia. By the late nineteenth century, the Bohemian nobility was a self-consciously traditional social group with a decidedly modern economic relationship to agrarian and industrial capitalism. This chapter examines the response of the Bohemian aristocracy to the new state of Czechoslovakia. This restricted caste of cosmopolitan latifundist families was more German than Czech in sentiment, and further alienated by land reform. The aristocrats entertained divergent assessments of Nazism and responded in different ways to the crisis of the state by 1938.
Catherine Albrecht
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263914
- eISBN:
- 9780191734359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263914.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Industrialisation had created a segmented social structure among Germans in north and west Bohemia. The most important industrial sectors in the Sudetenland exhibited a bimodal distribution of firms, ...
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Industrialisation had created a segmented social structure among Germans in north and west Bohemia. The most important industrial sectors in the Sudetenland exhibited a bimodal distribution of firms, with a large number of small producers and a few large producers, each of which employed roughly an equal proportion of workers. Economic nationalism among German Bohemians was motivated primarily by the need to defend their status against Czech competition. This chapter explores how the advent of Czechoslovakia affected the long-standing economic competition between Czechs and Germans in Bohemia, which had a major ideological dimension. Already before 1918, it had yielded protectionist associations on both sides. The Czech ones now went on the offensive, pressing for national values to be implemented in the economic domain, especially through nostrification of those of the country's assets held in ‘foreign’ hands and through preference to Czech suppliers in such sectors as military contracts. Their formerly dominant German equivalents were forced onto the defensive, while the Czechoslovak government tried to manoeuvre between the two.Less
Industrialisation had created a segmented social structure among Germans in north and west Bohemia. The most important industrial sectors in the Sudetenland exhibited a bimodal distribution of firms, with a large number of small producers and a few large producers, each of which employed roughly an equal proportion of workers. Economic nationalism among German Bohemians was motivated primarily by the need to defend their status against Czech competition. This chapter explores how the advent of Czechoslovakia affected the long-standing economic competition between Czechs and Germans in Bohemia, which had a major ideological dimension. Already before 1918, it had yielded protectionist associations on both sides. The Czech ones now went on the offensive, pressing for national values to be implemented in the economic domain, especially through nostrification of those of the country's assets held in ‘foreign’ hands and through preference to Czech suppliers in such sectors as military contracts. Their formerly dominant German equivalents were forced onto the defensive, while the Czechoslovak government tried to manoeuvre between the two.
Jiří Kocian
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263914
- eISBN:
- 9780191734359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263914.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
After the new Czechoslovak Republic emerged in 1918, the relations between Czechoslovakia and Slovakia immediately became one of the crucial domestic problems it had to cope with. The success of the ...
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After the new Czechoslovak Republic emerged in 1918, the relations between Czechoslovakia and Slovakia immediately became one of the crucial domestic problems it had to cope with. The success of the new Republic largely depended on whether the issue of bilateral relations would become a stabilizing factor or not. Czech politicians, however, followed the pre-war Czechoslovakian concepts even after the war. By the end of World War II, problems about the reunification of Bohemia and Moravia with Slovakia reemerged, as the issue of the legal settlement of relations between the Czechs and the Slovaks was raised. There was a continuation of centralism immediately after 1948, justified ideologically by the ‘necessity to struggle against bourgeois nationalism’. Nationally oriented Communists, such as Gustáv Husák, Vladimir Clementis, or Ladislav Novomeský, were accused of plotting to separate Slovakia from the Republic.Less
After the new Czechoslovak Republic emerged in 1918, the relations between Czechoslovakia and Slovakia immediately became one of the crucial domestic problems it had to cope with. The success of the new Republic largely depended on whether the issue of bilateral relations would become a stabilizing factor or not. Czech politicians, however, followed the pre-war Czechoslovakian concepts even after the war. By the end of World War II, problems about the reunification of Bohemia and Moravia with Slovakia reemerged, as the issue of the legal settlement of relations between the Czechs and the Slovaks was raised. There was a continuation of centralism immediately after 1948, justified ideologically by the ‘necessity to struggle against bourgeois nationalism’. Nationally oriented Communists, such as Gustáv Husák, Vladimir Clementis, or Ladislav Novomeský, were accused of plotting to separate Slovakia from the Republic.
Joachim Whaley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198731016
- eISBN:
- 9780191730870
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198731016.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Charles V, already king of Spain and ruler of the Low Countries, combined the imperial title with a wider collection of lands than any ruler previously. He had visions of establishing a new world ...
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Charles V, already king of Spain and ruler of the Low Countries, combined the imperial title with a wider collection of lands than any ruler previously. He had visions of establishing a new world empire. In reality, problems in Spain and conflicts with France and the Turks prevented him from asserting himself in Germany. His hesitation in handing significant power to his brother Ferdinand, who had inherited the Austrian duchies, Bohemia and Hungary, allowed the princes to assert their traditional freedom and prevented the emperor from intervening decisively to deal with Luther. The Reichstag of Speyer (1526) devolved responsibility for dealing with the religious issue to the princes. Meanwhile, however, the religious protest movement spawned other leaders such as Zwingli and Müntzer and exploded in religious radicalism, the Knights' War, the Peasants' War and a wave of popular urban Reformations.Less
Charles V, already king of Spain and ruler of the Low Countries, combined the imperial title with a wider collection of lands than any ruler previously. He had visions of establishing a new world empire. In reality, problems in Spain and conflicts with France and the Turks prevented him from asserting himself in Germany. His hesitation in handing significant power to his brother Ferdinand, who had inherited the Austrian duchies, Bohemia and Hungary, allowed the princes to assert their traditional freedom and prevented the emperor from intervening decisively to deal with Luther. The Reichstag of Speyer (1526) devolved responsibility for dealing with the religious issue to the princes. Meanwhile, however, the religious protest movement spawned other leaders such as Zwingli and Müntzer and exploded in religious radicalism, the Knights' War, the Peasants' War and a wave of popular urban Reformations.
