Jack Hayward
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199216314
- eISBN:
- 9780191712265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216314.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Civil discord and imperial aspirations gave the armed forces a powerful place in French politics. The officer corps has played a crucial part in ensuring domestic order, as well as fighting foreign ...
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Civil discord and imperial aspirations gave the armed forces a powerful place in French politics. The officer corps has played a crucial part in ensuring domestic order, as well as fighting foreign and colonial wars, notably in Algeria. Francophonia has been used to preserve a neo-colonial economic and cultural influence, especially in Africa. The switch to a European Union emphasis has been based on Franco-German concerted amity.Less
Civil discord and imperial aspirations gave the armed forces a powerful place in French politics. The officer corps has played a crucial part in ensuring domestic order, as well as fighting foreign and colonial wars, notably in Algeria. Francophonia has been used to preserve a neo-colonial economic and cultural influence, especially in Africa. The switch to a European Union emphasis has been based on Franco-German concerted amity.
Dirk Axtmann
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296454
- eISBN:
- 9780191600036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296452.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
This chapter on elections and electoral systems in Algeria follows the same format as all the other country chapters in the book. The first section is introductory and contains a historical overview, ...
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This chapter on elections and electoral systems in Algeria follows the same format as all the other country chapters in the book. The first section is introductory and contains a historical overview, discussion of the evolution of electoral provisions, an account of the current electoral provisions, and a comment on the electoral statistics. The second section consists of ten tables. These are: 2.1 Dates of National Elections, Referendums, and Coups d’Etat; 2.2 Electoral Body 1962–1997 (data on population size, registered voters, and votes cast); 2.3 Abbreviations (abbreviations and full names of political parties and alliances used in tables 2.6, 2.7 and 2.9); 2.4 Electoral Participation of Parties and Alliances 1962–1997 (participation of political parties and alliances in chronological order and including the years and number of contested elections); 2.5 Referendums 1962–1996 (details of registered voters and votes cast); 2.6 Elections for Constitutional Assembly 1962 (details of registered voters and votes cast); 2.7 Parliamentary Elections 1964–1997 (details of registered voters and votes cast); 2.8 Composition of Parliament 1964–1997; 2.9 Presidential Elections 1963–1995 (details of registered voters and votes cast); and 2.10 List of Power Holders 1962–1998.Less
This chapter on elections and electoral systems in Algeria follows the same format as all the other country chapters in the book. The first section is introductory and contains a historical overview, discussion of the evolution of electoral provisions, an account of the current electoral provisions, and a comment on the electoral statistics. The second section consists of ten tables. These are: 2.1 Dates of National Elections, Referendums, and Coups d’Etat; 2.2 Electoral Body 1962–1997 (data on population size, registered voters, and votes cast); 2.3 Abbreviations (abbreviations and full names of political parties and alliances used in tables 2.6, 2.7 and 2.9); 2.4 Electoral Participation of Parties and Alliances 1962–1997 (participation of political parties and alliances in chronological order and including the years and number of contested elections); 2.5 Referendums 1962–1996 (details of registered voters and votes cast); 2.6 Elections for Constitutional Assembly 1962 (details of registered voters and votes cast); 2.7 Parliamentary Elections 1964–1997 (details of registered voters and votes cast); 2.8 Composition of Parliament 1964–1997; 2.9 Presidential Elections 1963–1995 (details of registered voters and votes cast); and 2.10 List of Power Holders 1962–1998.
Richard Youngs
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199249794
- eISBN:
- 9780191600357
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199249792.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Catalogues EU policies towards Algeria during the 1990s. It suggests that initial support for the military regime as a bulwark against the Frente Islamique du Salut (FIS) did weaken as the 1990s ...
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Catalogues EU policies towards Algeria during the 1990s. It suggests that initial support for the military regime as a bulwark against the Frente Islamique du Salut (FIS) did weaken as the 1990s progressed. The relevance of the Euro–Mediterranean Partnership to political change in Algeria is examined, with particular attention paid to French–Algerian relations.Less
Catalogues EU policies towards Algeria during the 1990s. It suggests that initial support for the military regime as a bulwark against the Frente Islamique du Salut (FIS) did weaken as the 1990s progressed. The relevance of the Euro–Mediterranean Partnership to political change in Algeria is examined, with particular attention paid to French–Algerian relations.
Wendy S. Mercer
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263884
- eISBN:
- 9780191734830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263884.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
The first section of this chapter describes Xavier Marmier's marriage to Françoise Eugénie Pourchet. The civil ceremony took place in the town hall of Pontarlier on 8 May 1843. Unfortunately, the ...
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The first section of this chapter describes Xavier Marmier's marriage to Françoise Eugénie Pourchet. The civil ceremony took place in the town hall of Pontarlier on 8 May 1843. Unfortunately, the marriage ended in the tragic deaths of both mother and child, shortly after the birth on 17 April 1844 at their Paris home in the rue Saint–Thomas d'Aquin. The child died first during the labour. The second section describes Marmier's journey from the Rhine to the Nile. The third section describes his mission in Algeria. On 22 June 1846, Le Moniteur Universel announced that Marmier would be departing the following day for Port-Vendres, where he would meet up with the Ministre de l'Instruction publique, Salvandy, whom he was to accompany, with Salvandy's family, on a ministerial mission to Algeria.Less
The first section of this chapter describes Xavier Marmier's marriage to Françoise Eugénie Pourchet. The civil ceremony took place in the town hall of Pontarlier on 8 May 1843. Unfortunately, the marriage ended in the tragic deaths of both mother and child, shortly after the birth on 17 April 1844 at their Paris home in the rue Saint–Thomas d'Aquin. The child died first during the labour. The second section describes Marmier's journey from the Rhine to the Nile. The third section describes his mission in Algeria. On 22 June 1846, Le Moniteur Universel announced that Marmier would be departing the following day for Port-Vendres, where he would meet up with the Ministre de l'Instruction publique, Salvandy, whom he was to accompany, with Salvandy's family, on a ministerial mission to Algeria.
Michael Rothberg
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195326222
- eISBN:
- 9780199944064
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326222.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
Marguerite Duras's “Les Deux Ghettos” employs an aesthetic of juxtaposition: taking the form of two interconnected interviews, it brings together memory of the Holocaust and recent developments in ...
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Marguerite Duras's “Les Deux Ghettos” employs an aesthetic of juxtaposition: taking the form of two interconnected interviews, it brings together memory of the Holocaust and recent developments in the ongoing struggle between France and the Algerian independence movement, the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN). Duras's article approaches the massacre in roundabout fashion, through a historical analogy between Nazi policy and the context of Fifth Republic France. His article might be said to illustrate one of the central arguments of Jeffrey Alexander's chapter. Sometime around 1961, the Nazi genocide of European Jews went from being perceived as a terrible wartime atrocity with limited implications to being an event uniquely suited to illuminating historical evil wherever it cropped up. Thus, Alexander would most likely see in “Les Deux Ghettos” an exemplification of moral universality.Less
Marguerite Duras's “Les Deux Ghettos” employs an aesthetic of juxtaposition: taking the form of two interconnected interviews, it brings together memory of the Holocaust and recent developments in the ongoing struggle between France and the Algerian independence movement, the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN). Duras's article approaches the massacre in roundabout fashion, through a historical analogy between Nazi policy and the context of Fifth Republic France. His article might be said to illustrate one of the central arguments of Jeffrey Alexander's chapter. Sometime around 1961, the Nazi genocide of European Jews went from being perceived as a terrible wartime atrocity with limited implications to being an event uniquely suited to illuminating historical evil wherever it cropped up. Thus, Alexander would most likely see in “Les Deux Ghettos” an exemplification of moral universality.
Peter Dunwoodie
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198159728
- eISBN:
- 9780191673696
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159728.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This book is a study of the European literary discourse on French Algeria between the conquest of 1830 and the outbreak of the Algerian War in 1954. For the first time in English, this intertextual ...
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This book is a study of the European literary discourse on French Algeria between the conquest of 1830 and the outbreak of the Algerian War in 1954. For the first time in English, this intertextual reading reveals the debate conducted within Algeria—and between colony and metropole—that aimed to forge an independent cultural identity for the European settlers. Through astute discussions of various texts, the book maps the representation of Algeria both in the dominant 19th-century discourse of Orientalism, via the littérature d'escale of writers such as Gautier or Fromentein, and in the colonial writing of Louis Bertrand, Robert Randau, and the ‘Algerianists’ who played a critical role in the construction of the new ‘Algerian’. The book shows how this ultimate construction relied on an extremely selective process which marginalized the indigenous people of the Maghreb in order to rediscover the country's ‘Latin’ roots. The book also focuses on the dialogism operative in the works of École d'Alger writers like Gabriel Audisio, Albert Camus, and Emmanuel Roblès, interrogating the way in which their voices countered the closure of those earlier strategies and yet still articulated the unresolvable dilemma of an inherently unstable and impermanent minority whose identity remained grounded in otherness.Less
This book is a study of the European literary discourse on French Algeria between the conquest of 1830 and the outbreak of the Algerian War in 1954. For the first time in English, this intertextual reading reveals the debate conducted within Algeria—and between colony and metropole—that aimed to forge an independent cultural identity for the European settlers. Through astute discussions of various texts, the book maps the representation of Algeria both in the dominant 19th-century discourse of Orientalism, via the littérature d'escale of writers such as Gautier or Fromentein, and in the colonial writing of Louis Bertrand, Robert Randau, and the ‘Algerianists’ who played a critical role in the construction of the new ‘Algerian’. The book shows how this ultimate construction relied on an extremely selective process which marginalized the indigenous people of the Maghreb in order to rediscover the country's ‘Latin’ roots. The book also focuses on the dialogism operative in the works of École d'Alger writers like Gabriel Audisio, Albert Camus, and Emmanuel Roblès, interrogating the way in which their voices countered the closure of those earlier strategies and yet still articulated the unresolvable dilemma of an inherently unstable and impermanent minority whose identity remained grounded in otherness.
Azzam S. Tamimi
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195140002
- eISBN:
- 9780199834723
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195140001.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Democratization in the Arab region has been hindered by the modern Arab territorial state and the world order, both old and new.An Islamic concept of state has always existed.In its present colonial ...
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Democratization in the Arab region has been hindered by the modern Arab territorial state and the world order, both old and new.An Islamic concept of state has always existed.In its present colonial design, the Arab territorial state, which is ruled by a postcolonial elite whose interests are linked with former colonial powers, is incapable of democratization.The world order is not only disinterested in genuine democratization but has also intervened in order to curtail such a process, as happened in Algeria.Ghannouchi argues that two lobbies are responsible for the policy in the USA of supporting corrupt dictatorships in the Muslim world: the Zionist lobby, which is fearful for the impact of democratization on the future of Israel, and the arms lobby, weapons industrialists, and traders who are eager to maintain the sale of arms to the region.Less
Democratization in the Arab region has been hindered by the modern Arab territorial state and the world order, both old and new.
An Islamic concept of state has always existed.
In its present colonial design, the Arab territorial state, which is ruled by a postcolonial elite whose interests are linked with former colonial powers, is incapable of democratization.
The world order is not only disinterested in genuine democratization but has also intervened in order to curtail such a process, as happened in Algeria.
Ghannouchi argues that two lobbies are responsible for the policy in the USA of supporting corrupt dictatorships in the Muslim world: the Zionist lobby, which is fearful for the impact of democratization on the future of Israel, and the arms lobby, weapons industrialists, and traders who are eager to maintain the sale of arms to the region.
Sarah A. Curtis
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195394184
- eISBN:
- 9780199866595
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195394184.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter opens part II by introducing Emilie de Vialar, a noblewoman who founded her own active religious order, the Soeurs de St‐Joseph de l'Apparition (SSJA) in 1830. Within two years, she had ...
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This chapter opens part II by introducing Emilie de Vialar, a noblewoman who founded her own active religious order, the Soeurs de St‐Joseph de l'Apparition (SSJA) in 1830. Within two years, she had not only attracted followers but was also invited to Algeria, immediately after the French conquest, to provide educational, charity, and health care services to European settlers and the indigenous population. After the appointment of a French bishop in 1839, however, Vialar found her scope of action reduced as Bishop Dupuch sought to limit Vialar's authority as a mother superior. The conflict was adjudicated by ecclesiastics in Rome, who supported the bishop, and the French government reluctantly expelled Vialar from Algeria. At issue were not only the lines of authority between a nun and a bishop but also the conversion activity of Catholics in a Muslim land.Less
This chapter opens part II by introducing Emilie de Vialar, a noblewoman who founded her own active religious order, the Soeurs de St‐Joseph de l'Apparition (SSJA) in 1830. Within two years, she had not only attracted followers but was also invited to Algeria, immediately after the French conquest, to provide educational, charity, and health care services to European settlers and the indigenous population. After the appointment of a French bishop in 1839, however, Vialar found her scope of action reduced as Bishop Dupuch sought to limit Vialar's authority as a mother superior. The conflict was adjudicated by ecclesiastics in Rome, who supported the bishop, and the French government reluctantly expelled Vialar from Algeria. At issue were not only the lines of authority between a nun and a bishop but also the conversion activity of Catholics in a Muslim land.
Paul Marshall and Nina Shea
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199812264
- eISBN:
- 9780199919383
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199812264.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Despite the very great differences between Algeria, Jordan, Morocco, Turkey, Yemen, and other countries in the Middle East, each also represses expression deemed insulting to Islam. Algeria has been ...
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Despite the very great differences between Algeria, Jordan, Morocco, Turkey, Yemen, and other countries in the Middle East, each also represses expression deemed insulting to Islam. Algeria has been cracking down on Christians because of fears of conversions, especially among the Kabyle people. There has been a similar pattern in Morocco. In both countries, this might also be tied to fears of conversions by Sunnis to Shiism, and the connection this might have to Iranian influence. Jordan is similar and has also pressured Muslim journalists and a poet. Libya, though varying with Qadafi's idiosyncrasies, has usually been far harsher in its treatment of converts. In Yemen, Jews, Baha’is, converts, and journalists have been persecuted, and several leading Muslim scholars have declared that those pushing for the reform of marriage laws were apostates. In Turkey, the minority Alevi Muslims suffer widespread discrimination, while writers and other reformers, as well as converts, can be accused of insulting the “Turkish nation,” which can incorporate a religious dimension because Islam is regarded as an integral part of the Turkish nation.Less
Despite the very great differences between Algeria, Jordan, Morocco, Turkey, Yemen, and other countries in the Middle East, each also represses expression deemed insulting to Islam. Algeria has been cracking down on Christians because of fears of conversions, especially among the Kabyle people. There has been a similar pattern in Morocco. In both countries, this might also be tied to fears of conversions by Sunnis to Shiism, and the connection this might have to Iranian influence. Jordan is similar and has also pressured Muslim journalists and a poet. Libya, though varying with Qadafi's idiosyncrasies, has usually been far harsher in its treatment of converts. In Yemen, Jews, Baha’is, converts, and journalists have been persecuted, and several leading Muslim scholars have declared that those pushing for the reform of marriage laws were apostates. In Turkey, the minority Alevi Muslims suffer widespread discrimination, while writers and other reformers, as well as converts, can be accused of insulting the “Turkish nation,” which can incorporate a religious dimension because Islam is regarded as an integral part of the Turkish nation.
Philip E. Muehlenbeck
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195396096
- eISBN:
- 9780199932672
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396096.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, World Modern History
To contextualize the changes that Kennedy brought to US foreign policy toward Africa, the first chapter reviews the African policies of his predecessor Dwight D. Eisenhower. The ...
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To contextualize the changes that Kennedy brought to US foreign policy toward Africa, the first chapter reviews the African policies of his predecessor Dwight D. Eisenhower. The general-turned-president had no personal interest in Africa, nor did he fully realize the potential strategic value of improving US relations with the recently decolonized continent. For these reasons, Eisenhower was indifferent toward African states as a whole and antagonistic toward any African state not willing to stand squarely behind the United States in the Cold War.Less
To contextualize the changes that Kennedy brought to US foreign policy toward Africa, the first chapter reviews the African policies of his predecessor Dwight D. Eisenhower. The general-turned-president had no personal interest in Africa, nor did he fully realize the potential strategic value of improving US relations with the recently decolonized continent. For these reasons, Eisenhower was indifferent toward African states as a whole and antagonistic toward any African state not willing to stand squarely behind the United States in the Cold War.
