Stephen R. Haynes
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195142792
- eISBN:
- 9780199834280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195142799.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The book's conclusion suggests that those who study the relationship of religion and racism must avoid the dual pitfalls of assuming that religious belief is irrelevant for comprehending contemporary ...
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The book's conclusion suggests that those who study the relationship of religion and racism must avoid the dual pitfalls of assuming that religious belief is irrelevant for comprehending contemporary social problems or assuming that religious traditions are intrinsically exclusivist.Less
The book's conclusion suggests that those who study the relationship of religion and racism must avoid the dual pitfalls of assuming that religious belief is irrelevant for comprehending contemporary social problems or assuming that religious traditions are intrinsically exclusivist.
Lorne L. Dawson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195177299
- eISBN:
- 9780199785537
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195177299.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
While the number of people involved in new religious movements (NRMs) is small, the attention they have received in the popular media and academic discourse suggest a greater significance. In the ...
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While the number of people involved in new religious movements (NRMs) is small, the attention they have received in the popular media and academic discourse suggest a greater significance. In the popular media, NRMs are most often seen as a social problem. In academic studies, they are more often associated with processes of social change and the critique of modernity. In the literature, there are four interpretive frameworks for understanding the significance of NRMs when viewed as a response to the social conditions of modernity. The first sees them as part of the protest against modernity. The second sees them as forums for modern social experimentation. The third identifies them with the re-enchantment of the modern world. The fourth suggests they are born of attempts to adapt to the social and psychological tensions created by a dialectic of trust and risk in late modern societies.Less
While the number of people involved in new religious movements (NRMs) is small, the attention they have received in the popular media and academic discourse suggest a greater significance. In the popular media, NRMs are most often seen as a social problem. In academic studies, they are more often associated with processes of social change and the critique of modernity. In the literature, there are four interpretive frameworks for understanding the significance of NRMs when viewed as a response to the social conditions of modernity. The first sees them as part of the protest against modernity. The second sees them as forums for modern social experimentation. The third identifies them with the re-enchantment of the modern world. The fourth suggests they are born of attempts to adapt to the social and psychological tensions created by a dialectic of trust and risk in late modern societies.
Randy E. Barnett
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297291
- eISBN:
- 9780191598777
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297297.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The problem of enforcement error arises when using power to achieve compliance with justice and the rule of law increases the costs imposed by erroneous judgements on the innocent. Because the use of ...
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The problem of enforcement error arises when using power to achieve compliance with justice and the rule of law increases the costs imposed by erroneous judgements on the innocent. Because the use of power imposes costs on the innocent, and rights legitimate the use of power, we need to limit the number and kind of rights we recognize to those which address pervasive social problems that cannot be dealt with adequately by any other means. So too, the use of force to prevent previous offenders from committing further crimes should be limited to those who have demonstrated by their past criminality or other conduct, their intention to violate rights in the future. This showing should be subjected to a standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt.Less
The problem of enforcement error arises when using power to achieve compliance with justice and the rule of law increases the costs imposed by erroneous judgements on the innocent. Because the use of power imposes costs on the innocent, and rights legitimate the use of power, we need to limit the number and kind of rights we recognize to those which address pervasive social problems that cannot be dealt with adequately by any other means. So too, the use of force to prevent previous offenders from committing further crimes should be limited to those who have demonstrated by their past criminality or other conduct, their intention to violate rights in the future. This showing should be subjected to a standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
Lisa L. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195331684
- eISBN:
- 9780199867967
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331684.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter explores in more detail the nature and quality of interaction citizen groups have with the policy process in the two urban locales studied. In particular, the chapter addresses the two ...
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This chapter explores in more detail the nature and quality of interaction citizen groups have with the policy process in the two urban locales studied. In particular, the chapter addresses the two major questions left unanswered by the empirical analyses of the previous chapters: First, are the broad citizen groups that are active at the local level participating meaningfully in the policy process? Second, are they contributing anything substantially different from other groups? This chapter offers a more in-depth analysis of the local data in an effort to answer these complicated and underexplored questions and argues that the groups mobilized locally around urban crime problems frequently present policy frames that are substantially different from those promulgated by criminal justice agencies, professional associations, and highly active single-issue groups. Indeed, the deep connection urban dwellers have to crime, its causes, and its consequences makes their perspective unique and highly practical. Most notably, the policy environment for responding to crime at the local level is considerably more focused on victims—specifically on harm reduction—than is the environment at the state and national levels, where criminal justice agencies and narrow victims' groups dominate and focus much attention on punishing offenders.Less
This chapter explores in more detail the nature and quality of interaction citizen groups have with the policy process in the two urban locales studied. In particular, the chapter addresses the two major questions left unanswered by the empirical analyses of the previous chapters: First, are the broad citizen groups that are active at the local level participating meaningfully in the policy process? Second, are they contributing anything substantially different from other groups? This chapter offers a more in-depth analysis of the local data in an effort to answer these complicated and underexplored questions and argues that the groups mobilized locally around urban crime problems frequently present policy frames that are substantially different from those promulgated by criminal justice agencies, professional associations, and highly active single-issue groups. Indeed, the deep connection urban dwellers have to crime, its causes, and its consequences makes their perspective unique and highly practical. Most notably, the policy environment for responding to crime at the local level is considerably more focused on victims—specifically on harm reduction—than is the environment at the state and national levels, where criminal justice agencies and narrow victims' groups dominate and focus much attention on punishing offenders.
Susan C. Mapp
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195313451
- eISBN:
- 9780199893423
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195313451.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
An overview of international human rights and social justice, this introductory text focuses on current global problems of pressing concern for social workers. It addresses topics such as healthcare, ...
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An overview of international human rights and social justice, this introductory text focuses on current global problems of pressing concern for social workers. It addresses topics such as healthcare, violence against women, war and conflict, forced labor and child soldiers, in a manner which encourages students to think critically about such problems, research the issues, and get involved with organizations that are working on them. The content contains narratives of individuals suffering from these social problems, as well as suggestions for what students can do to create change: both now and what they will be able to do as professionals. The author analyzes problems in their cultural contexts in order to help the reader understand how they developed, why they persist, and what the local and international responses — both governmental and non-governmental — have been.Less
An overview of international human rights and social justice, this introductory text focuses on current global problems of pressing concern for social workers. It addresses topics such as healthcare, violence against women, war and conflict, forced labor and child soldiers, in a manner which encourages students to think critically about such problems, research the issues, and get involved with organizations that are working on them. The content contains narratives of individuals suffering from these social problems, as well as suggestions for what students can do to create change: both now and what they will be able to do as professionals. The author analyzes problems in their cultural contexts in order to help the reader understand how they developed, why they persist, and what the local and international responses — both governmental and non-governmental — have been.
Lisa L. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195331684
- eISBN:
- 9780199867967
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331684.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter begins with a discussion of the need to re-vision political mobilization and interest group activity through the lens provided by politicized urban neighborhoods. The scholarly emphasis ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of the need to re-vision political mobilization and interest group activity through the lens provided by politicized urban neighborhoods. The scholarly emphasis on formal organization, resource mobilization, and policy strategies often obscures low-income residents' active political engagement with a full range of quality-of-life issues, from graffiti, vandalism, and illegal billboard advertisements to aggressive drug dealing, hate crimes, and gun violence. The chapter details the interest group environment on the crime issue in two large urban locales, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. At the urban level—unlike the state and national levels—this chapter reveals a stunning array of broadly focused citizen groups that are active and regular participants in crime control politics. These groups range from formal organizations, such as long-standing community councils, to informal and new organizations formed in the aftermath of tragic, violent crimes. They interact with lawmakers through legislative hearings but also through a wide range of informal contacts. In contrast, police and prosecutors are more limited in their interaction with legislators, which shifts problem definitions and policy frames away from punishing offenders and toward broader social problems facing high-crime communities.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the need to re-vision political mobilization and interest group activity through the lens provided by politicized urban neighborhoods. The scholarly emphasis on formal organization, resource mobilization, and policy strategies often obscures low-income residents' active political engagement with a full range of quality-of-life issues, from graffiti, vandalism, and illegal billboard advertisements to aggressive drug dealing, hate crimes, and gun violence. The chapter details the interest group environment on the crime issue in two large urban locales, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. At the urban level—unlike the state and national levels—this chapter reveals a stunning array of broadly focused citizen groups that are active and regular participants in crime control politics. These groups range from formal organizations, such as long-standing community councils, to informal and new organizations formed in the aftermath of tragic, violent crimes. They interact with lawmakers through legislative hearings but also through a wide range of informal contacts. In contrast, police and prosecutors are more limited in their interaction with legislators, which shifts problem definitions and policy frames away from punishing offenders and toward broader social problems facing high-crime communities.
Thomas Babor, Harold Holder, Raul Caetano, Ross Homel, Sally Casswell, Michael Livingston, Griffith Edwards, Esa Österberg, Norman Giesbrecht, Jürgen Rehm, Kathryn Graham, Robin Room, Joel Grube, Ingeborg Rossow, and Linda Hill
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199551149
- eISBN:
- 9780191720642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199551149.003.004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes the enormous range of alcohol-related consequences within two broad categories: alcohol's contribution to the burden of illness carried by individuals and societies; and ...
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This chapter describes the enormous range of alcohol-related consequences within two broad categories: alcohol's contribution to the burden of illness carried by individuals and societies; and alcohol's harmful effect on the social fabric of families, communities, and nations. It also discusses the potential health benefits of moderate alcohol use. The chapter begins with a discussion of how epidemiologists establish causal relations between drinking and its consequences. It then reviews the evidence on health consequences in three different frames: 1) the role of alcohol in the global burden of disease and disability; 2) alcohol and all-cause mortality; and 3) the relation of alcohol to specific causes of death and disease. The relation of drinking to different types of social problems is then considered. A case study of the Russian experience during the anti-alcohol campaign of 1985-7 is used to illustrate the potential changes in health and social problems that follow from reductions in alcohol consumption. The available evidence on the relative magnitude of health and social problems from drinking is also considered.Less
This chapter describes the enormous range of alcohol-related consequences within two broad categories: alcohol's contribution to the burden of illness carried by individuals and societies; and alcohol's harmful effect on the social fabric of families, communities, and nations. It also discusses the potential health benefits of moderate alcohol use. The chapter begins with a discussion of how epidemiologists establish causal relations between drinking and its consequences. It then reviews the evidence on health consequences in three different frames: 1) the role of alcohol in the global burden of disease and disability; 2) alcohol and all-cause mortality; and 3) the relation of alcohol to specific causes of death and disease. The relation of drinking to different types of social problems is then considered. A case study of the Russian experience during the anti-alcohol campaign of 1985-7 is used to illustrate the potential changes in health and social problems that follow from reductions in alcohol consumption. The available evidence on the relative magnitude of health and social problems from drinking is also considered.
Mary Beth Harris and Cynthia Franklin
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195172942
- eISBN:
- 9780199893249
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172942.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations, Children and Families
This chapter explains the theoretical and empirical basis of the Taking Charge group curriculum, including its developmental and strengths-based, solution-focused frameworks, and the life skills ...
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This chapter explains the theoretical and empirical basis of the Taking Charge group curriculum, including its developmental and strengths-based, solution-focused frameworks, and the life skills interventions of active, social problem solving, and coping. These life skills are taught in order to accelerate learning across the four life domains, and are based on social learning and cognitive-behavioral interventions. The importance and potential effectiveness of these types of skills with adolescent mothers are discussed. The chapter further explains the importance of the task-centered group approach that is used to teach the cognitive-behavioral skills to the adolescent mothers. Finally, it discusses why we believe that brief group programs like the Taking Charge group curriculum are important to schools and why they can be effective in a school setting.Less
This chapter explains the theoretical and empirical basis of the Taking Charge group curriculum, including its developmental and strengths-based, solution-focused frameworks, and the life skills interventions of active, social problem solving, and coping. These life skills are taught in order to accelerate learning across the four life domains, and are based on social learning and cognitive-behavioral interventions. The importance and potential effectiveness of these types of skills with adolescent mothers are discussed. The chapter further explains the importance of the task-centered group approach that is used to teach the cognitive-behavioral skills to the adolescent mothers. Finally, it discusses why we believe that brief group programs like the Taking Charge group curriculum are important to schools and why they can be effective in a school setting.
Sam Cherribi
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199734115
- eISBN:
- 9780199866113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199734115.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter focuses on the politics of migration and the Dutch paradox of integration. The more the first generation of migrants became absorbed into the Dutch welfare context, and the more they ...
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This chapter focuses on the politics of migration and the Dutch paradox of integration. The more the first generation of migrants became absorbed into the Dutch welfare context, and the more they adapted to the Dutch structures for handling the state’s involvement in all aspects of social life, the less ‘integration’ was deemed to have worked. The chapter discusses the history of Moroccan migration and the changes in institutional forms of cultural incorporation over time. This chapter discusses the complexities of the political situations confronted by Moroccan Muslims in the country, the connections between Dutch institutions and Moroccan political alliances, and the changing generational contexts.Less
This chapter focuses on the politics of migration and the Dutch paradox of integration. The more the first generation of migrants became absorbed into the Dutch welfare context, and the more they adapted to the Dutch structures for handling the state’s involvement in all aspects of social life, the less ‘integration’ was deemed to have worked. The chapter discusses the history of Moroccan migration and the changes in institutional forms of cultural incorporation over time. This chapter discusses the complexities of the political situations confronted by Moroccan Muslims in the country, the connections between Dutch institutions and Moroccan political alliances, and the changing generational contexts.
Todd R. Clear
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195305791
- eISBN:
- 9780199943944
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305791.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter argues that high levels of incarceration can damage social networks and social capital, increasing disorganization by impeding other forms of control. It explains that high incarceration ...
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This chapter argues that high levels of incarceration can damage social networks and social capital, increasing disorganization by impeding other forms of control. It explains that high incarceration rates can contribute to high rates of criminal violence fostering a variety of social problems including inequality, a deterioration of family life, economic and political alienation, and social disorganization. It also argues that high levels of incarceration results in a reduction in social cohesion and a lessening of those communities' capacity for self-regulation.Less
This chapter argues that high levels of incarceration can damage social networks and social capital, increasing disorganization by impeding other forms of control. It explains that high incarceration rates can contribute to high rates of criminal violence fostering a variety of social problems including inequality, a deterioration of family life, economic and political alienation, and social disorganization. It also argues that high levels of incarceration results in a reduction in social cohesion and a lessening of those communities' capacity for self-regulation.
