Jeannette A. Colyvas and Spiro Maroulis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691148670
- eISBN:
- 9781400845552
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691148670.003.0016
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter extends previous work analyzing the origins of academic entrepreneurship at Stanford with an agent-based model that simulates the rise and spread of patenting by research faculty, ...
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This chapter extends previous work analyzing the origins of academic entrepreneurship at Stanford with an agent-based model that simulates the rise and spread of patenting by research faculty, drawing on archival analysis of divergent approaches taken by different lab directors. In so doing, this chapter builds on the formal model of autocatalysis developed in Chapter 3, which enables this chapter to disentangle competing explanations. The results are quite surprising. Incentives or mimicry alone are less likely to account for academic embrace of patenting, whereas preemptive efforts to preserve scientific autonomy do play a large role. The pursuit of safeguards from commercial co-optation by other researchers has the transformative effect of making the emergence of proprietary science more likely.Less
This chapter extends previous work analyzing the origins of academic entrepreneurship at Stanford with an agent-based model that simulates the rise and spread of patenting by research faculty, drawing on archival analysis of divergent approaches taken by different lab directors. In so doing, this chapter builds on the formal model of autocatalysis developed in Chapter 3, which enables this chapter to disentangle competing explanations. The results are quite surprising. Incentives or mimicry alone are less likely to account for academic embrace of patenting, whereas preemptive efforts to preserve scientific autonomy do play a large role. The pursuit of safeguards from commercial co-optation by other researchers has the transformative effect of making the emergence of proprietary science more likely.
Sue V. Rosser
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814776452
- eISBN:
- 9780814771525
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814776452.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter explores the data that reveal that in all countries, across all sectors and in all fields, the percentage of women obtaining patents is less than their male counterparts and also less ...
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This chapter explores the data that reveal that in all countries, across all sectors and in all fields, the percentage of women obtaining patents is less than their male counterparts and also less than the percentage of women in the relevant discipline. A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a national government to an inventor for a time-limited period in exchange for public disclosure of the invention. Having a relatively small number of women obtaining patents hurts scientific innovation, technology, and competitiveness overall. This is because women invent more useful products that might be developed to benefit society. These include many technologies for the home and for care-taking, particularly of children.Less
This chapter explores the data that reveal that in all countries, across all sectors and in all fields, the percentage of women obtaining patents is less than their male counterparts and also less than the percentage of women in the relevant discipline. A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a national government to an inventor for a time-limited period in exchange for public disclosure of the invention. Having a relatively small number of women obtaining patents hurts scientific innovation, technology, and competitiveness overall. This is because women invent more useful products that might be developed to benefit society. These include many technologies for the home and for care-taking, particularly of children.
Abby Burnett
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781628461114
- eISBN:
- 9781626740624
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628461114.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
Before the creation of antibiotics and vaccines, pure food and drug laws, and safety standards, there were many unusual ways in which to die. Both the most common causes (tuberculosis, burning to ...
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Before the creation of antibiotics and vaccines, pure food and drug laws, and safety standards, there were many unusual ways in which to die. Both the most common causes (tuberculosis, burning to death) as well ones all but unknown today (rabies, bleeding) are discussed. This chapter examines the training of early Arkansas doctors, and the therapies once believed to prolong life or aid healing, such as visiting spa towns to drink medicinal spring water, the fresh air cure for TB, or the use of such folk superstitions as madstones and Biblical charms. Medicine shows, plant-based home remedies and patent medicines are also discussed.Less
Before the creation of antibiotics and vaccines, pure food and drug laws, and safety standards, there were many unusual ways in which to die. Both the most common causes (tuberculosis, burning to death) as well ones all but unknown today (rabies, bleeding) are discussed. This chapter examines the training of early Arkansas doctors, and the therapies once believed to prolong life or aid healing, such as visiting spa towns to drink medicinal spring water, the fresh air cure for TB, or the use of such folk superstitions as madstones and Biblical charms. Medicine shows, plant-based home remedies and patent medicines are also discussed.
