Freda Harcourt and Sarah Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719073939
- eISBN:
- 9781781700761
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719073939.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This book is a study on the history of the P&O shipping company, paying due attention to the context of nineteenth-century imperial politics that so significantly shaped the company's development. ...
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This book is a study on the history of the P&O shipping company, paying due attention to the context of nineteenth-century imperial politics that so significantly shaped the company's development. Based chiefly on unpublished material in the P&O archives and in the National Archives and on contemporary official publications, it covers the crucial period from the company's origins to 1867. After presenting new findings about the company's origins in the Irish transport industry, the book charts the extension of the founders' interests from the Iberian Peninsula to the Mediterranean, India, China and Australia. In so doing it deals also with the development of the necessary financial infrastructure for P&O's operations, with the founders' attitudes to technical advances, with the shareholding base, with the company's involvement in the opium trade, and with its acquisition of mail, Admiralty and other government contracts. It was the P&O's status as a government contractor that, above all else, implicated its fortunes in the wider politics of empire, and the book culminates in an episode which illustrates this clearly: the company's rescue from the edge of a financial precipice by the award of a new government mail contract prompted, among other things, by the Abyssinian expedition of 1867.Less
This book is a study on the history of the P&O shipping company, paying due attention to the context of nineteenth-century imperial politics that so significantly shaped the company's development. Based chiefly on unpublished material in the P&O archives and in the National Archives and on contemporary official publications, it covers the crucial period from the company's origins to 1867. After presenting new findings about the company's origins in the Irish transport industry, the book charts the extension of the founders' interests from the Iberian Peninsula to the Mediterranean, India, China and Australia. In so doing it deals also with the development of the necessary financial infrastructure for P&O's operations, with the founders' attitudes to technical advances, with the shareholding base, with the company's involvement in the opium trade, and with its acquisition of mail, Admiralty and other government contracts. It was the P&O's status as a government contractor that, above all else, implicated its fortunes in the wider politics of empire, and the book culminates in an episode which illustrates this clearly: the company's rescue from the edge of a financial precipice by the award of a new government mail contract prompted, among other things, by the Abyssinian expedition of 1867.
April Merleaux
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469622514
- eISBN:
- 9781469622538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469622514.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter focuses on the emergence of a mass market for inexpensive sweets during the 1920s that catered mostly to working-and middle-class consumers. It examines the role played by government ...
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This chapter focuses on the emergence of a mass market for inexpensive sweets during the 1920s that catered mostly to working-and middle-class consumers. It examines the role played by government agencies, candy producers' trade organizations, and urban and rural workers in shaping candy sales. It considers how the confectionery industry, in creating and differentiating markets for various grades of candy, relied on older racial stereotypes about working-class consumers' preferences for less-refined sweets. It also looks at the rise of new forms of labor and consumer culture that contributed to the remarkable increase in sugar production and consumption during the period. The chapter argues that southern candy makers tailored their final products according to the race of the target consumers, and that work in southern candy factories was segregated to reflect what it calls the Jim Crow candy hierarchy.Less
This chapter focuses on the emergence of a mass market for inexpensive sweets during the 1920s that catered mostly to working-and middle-class consumers. It examines the role played by government agencies, candy producers' trade organizations, and urban and rural workers in shaping candy sales. It considers how the confectionery industry, in creating and differentiating markets for various grades of candy, relied on older racial stereotypes about working-class consumers' preferences for less-refined sweets. It also looks at the rise of new forms of labor and consumer culture that contributed to the remarkable increase in sugar production and consumption during the period. The chapter argues that southern candy makers tailored their final products according to the race of the target consumers, and that work in southern candy factories was segregated to reflect what it calls the Jim Crow candy hierarchy.
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235521
- eISBN:
- 9781846313011
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846313011.007
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter examines economic growth in Spanish America under the Hapsburg empire, as reflected by the development of mining, agriculture, and industry within the region. It shows how Spanish ...
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This chapter examines economic growth in Spanish America under the Hapsburg empire, as reflected by the development of mining, agriculture, and industry within the region. It shows how Spanish Americans responded to the varied and sometimes contradictory stimuli provided by Spain's needs and aspirations, and considers the economic consequences of other European nations' intrusion into the Spanish American economic system. The chapter also discusses the pressures generated spontaneously within Spanish America by the infrastructural changes in social and economic life, especially in the seventeenth century. Finally, it describes the development of the textile industry as well as the production of pottery, hardware, carts, furniture, and other items of popular consumption in central Mexico and the interior provinces of the Rio de la Plata.Less
This chapter examines economic growth in Spanish America under the Hapsburg empire, as reflected by the development of mining, agriculture, and industry within the region. It shows how Spanish Americans responded to the varied and sometimes contradictory stimuli provided by Spain's needs and aspirations, and considers the economic consequences of other European nations' intrusion into the Spanish American economic system. The chapter also discusses the pressures generated spontaneously within Spanish America by the infrastructural changes in social and economic life, especially in the seventeenth century. Finally, it describes the development of the textile industry as well as the production of pottery, hardware, carts, furniture, and other items of popular consumption in central Mexico and the interior provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
Kathleen Deagan and José María Cruxent
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300090406
- eISBN:
- 9780300133899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300090406.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter presents the range of crafts and industries practiced in the colony, as can be gathered from La Isabela's archaeological remains. Documentary accounts are vague about these crafts and ...
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This chapter presents the range of crafts and industries practiced in the colony, as can be gathered from La Isabela's archaeological remains. Documentary accounts are vague about these crafts and artisans, with Las Casas noting only that there were “several men for each of the various trades,” and Ferdinand Colon that his father recruited “artisans of all kinds.” Regardless of their essential contributions to the functioning and survival of the medieval community, artisans were irrevocably relegated to the lower levels of the Spanish social hierarchy. The hidalgo class despised physical work in any form, and those who performed it. Although they demanded the goods and luxuries they considered necessary to their station, hidalgos felt that the handiwork needed to supply those goods was beneath contempt.Less
This chapter presents the range of crafts and industries practiced in the colony, as can be gathered from La Isabela's archaeological remains. Documentary accounts are vague about these crafts and artisans, with Las Casas noting only that there were “several men for each of the various trades,” and Ferdinand Colon that his father recruited “artisans of all kinds.” Regardless of their essential contributions to the functioning and survival of the medieval community, artisans were irrevocably relegated to the lower levels of the Spanish social hierarchy. The hidalgo class despised physical work in any form, and those who performed it. Although they demanded the goods and luxuries they considered necessary to their station, hidalgos felt that the handiwork needed to supply those goods was beneath contempt.
Tennyson S. D. Joseph
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617031175
- eISBN:
- 9781617031182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617031175.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter examines the period from 1990–1997, which witnessed a heightened process of neoliberal adjustment in global trade that destroyed the banana industry and transformed the domestic ...
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This chapter examines the period from 1990–1997, which witnessed a heightened process of neoliberal adjustment in global trade that destroyed the banana industry and transformed the domestic political economy; the discussions cover global shifts in the 1990s that had far-reaching implications for the St. Lucia banana industry; neoliberal restructuring in the St. Lucia banana industry; political upheavals within the St. Lucia banana industry from 1992 onward, which coincided with the shifts in the global banana market; and deepening globalization and independent statehood.Less
This chapter examines the period from 1990–1997, which witnessed a heightened process of neoliberal adjustment in global trade that destroyed the banana industry and transformed the domestic political economy; the discussions cover global shifts in the 1990s that had far-reaching implications for the St. Lucia banana industry; neoliberal restructuring in the St. Lucia banana industry; political upheavals within the St. Lucia banana industry from 1992 onward, which coincided with the shifts in the global banana market; and deepening globalization and independent statehood.
Juhani Koponen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719091803
- eISBN:
- 9781781706824
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091803.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Koponen examines the changing ideas and practices of development in Tanganyika from the late 1930s to the 1950s. These ideas and practices are indicative of wider shifts and trends operating ...
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Koponen examines the changing ideas and practices of development in Tanganyika from the late 1930s to the 1950s. These ideas and practices are indicative of wider shifts and trends operating throughout the British colonial empire at the time. The focus is on three development endeavours, very different in themselves: (1) the Groundnut Scheme, (2) the promotion and expansion of cashew nut as a cash crop, and (3) the post-war colonial development plans, across the country and in the South-East. By exploring and comparing these three different approaches to development under colonialism, the author shows the variety of meanings of development in British colonial discourse and practice and spells out their implications for the history of the idea of development more broadly.Less
Koponen examines the changing ideas and practices of development in Tanganyika from the late 1930s to the 1950s. These ideas and practices are indicative of wider shifts and trends operating throughout the British colonial empire at the time. The focus is on three development endeavours, very different in themselves: (1) the Groundnut Scheme, (2) the promotion and expansion of cashew nut as a cash crop, and (3) the post-war colonial development plans, across the country and in the South-East. By exploring and comparing these three different approaches to development under colonialism, the author shows the variety of meanings of development in British colonial discourse and practice and spells out their implications for the history of the idea of development more broadly.
