Richard Ashdowne and Carolinne White (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780197266083
- eISBN:
- 9780191851476
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266083.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This collection considers key issues arising from the use of Medieval Latin in Britain from the 6th to 16th centuries. Although in this period Anglo-Latin was not the native language of its users, it ...
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This collection considers key issues arising from the use of Medieval Latin in Britain from the 6th to 16th centuries. Although in this period Anglo-Latin was not the native language of its users, it was nevertheless used extensively for a wide variety of functions from religion, literature, and philosophy to record-keeping and correspondence. It existed alongside a number of everyday native spoken languages, including English, Anglo-Norman French, and Welsh. The chapters examine Latin with regard to the many multilingual contexts in which it was used, looking beyond narrow comparisons with its Roman ancestor to see what medieval users did with Latin and the diverse effects this had on the language. The fifteen chapters are divided into three parts. The first part considers important examples of Latin usage in Britain during four successive periods, pre-Conquest, the 12th, long-14th, and 15th and 16th centuries. In the second part, examples of different spheres of use are examined, including the law, the church, music, and science (and its assimilation of Arabic). In the final part the use of Latin is considered alongside the many native languages of medieval Britain, looking at how the languages had different roles and how they influenced each other. In all the many contexts in which Latin was used, its use reveals continuity matched with adaptation to circumstance, not least in the development of new vocabulary for the language. Between these two poles users of Latin steered a course that suited their own needs and those of their intended audience.Less
This collection considers key issues arising from the use of Medieval Latin in Britain from the 6th to 16th centuries. Although in this period Anglo-Latin was not the native language of its users, it was nevertheless used extensively for a wide variety of functions from religion, literature, and philosophy to record-keeping and correspondence. It existed alongside a number of everyday native spoken languages, including English, Anglo-Norman French, and Welsh. The chapters examine Latin with regard to the many multilingual contexts in which it was used, looking beyond narrow comparisons with its Roman ancestor to see what medieval users did with Latin and the diverse effects this had on the language. The fifteen chapters are divided into three parts. The first part considers important examples of Latin usage in Britain during four successive periods, pre-Conquest, the 12th, long-14th, and 15th and 16th centuries. In the second part, examples of different spheres of use are examined, including the law, the church, music, and science (and its assimilation of Arabic). In the final part the use of Latin is considered alongside the many native languages of medieval Britain, looking at how the languages had different roles and how they influenced each other. In all the many contexts in which Latin was used, its use reveals continuity matched with adaptation to circumstance, not least in the development of new vocabulary for the language. Between these two poles users of Latin steered a course that suited their own needs and those of their intended audience.
Tony Hunt
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263952
- eISBN:
- 9780191734083
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263952.003.0019
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter examines the history and developments in Francophone studies in Great Britain during the twentieth century. It explains that the study of Old French in Great Britain began very soon ...
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This chapter examines the history and developments in Francophone studies in Great Britain during the twentieth century. It explains that the study of Old French in Great Britain began very soon after the establishment of chairs of French in British universities and that as the last decade of the twentieth century dawned, twenty-nine British universities were teaching Old French as a component of a French degree course and 90 per cent of them as an obligatory element involving sixty-two specialist teachers. This trend suggests the continuing vigour of Anglo-Norman studies, which had already run such a successful course since the beginning of the century.Less
This chapter examines the history and developments in Francophone studies in Great Britain during the twentieth century. It explains that the study of Old French in Great Britain began very soon after the establishment of chairs of French in British universities and that as the last decade of the twentieth century dawned, twenty-nine British universities were teaching Old French as a component of a French degree course and 90 per cent of them as an obligatory element involving sixty-two specialist teachers. This trend suggests the continuing vigour of Anglo-Norman studies, which had already run such a successful course since the beginning of the century.
H. E. J. COWDREY
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199259601
- eISBN:
- 9780191717406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259601.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
As Archbishop of Canterbury, Lanfranc was the ecclesiastical head of an English church that consisted of the provinces of Canterbury and York; he claimed a primacy over the British Isles that ...
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As Archbishop of Canterbury, Lanfranc was the ecclesiastical head of an English church that consisted of the provinces of Canterbury and York; he claimed a primacy over the British Isles that includes Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. On account of his own past career and present reputation, Lanfranc continued to be considerably concerned with persons and problems both in the Duchy of Normandy and beyond its frontiers, including the French church. Lanfranc's Norman concerns centred upon the abbey of Bec and its two leading figures: abbots Herluin and Anselm. Lanfranc's known concern with matters arising in the French church beyond the Duchy of Normandy is limited to two of his letters: one to Archbishop Manasses I of Rheims in 1080, and the other to Abbot Reynald of Saint-Cyprien at Poitiers and others regarding the Trinity and especially about the incarnation of the second Person of the Trinity.Less
As Archbishop of Canterbury, Lanfranc was the ecclesiastical head of an English church that consisted of the provinces of Canterbury and York; he claimed a primacy over the British Isles that includes Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. On account of his own past career and present reputation, Lanfranc continued to be considerably concerned with persons and problems both in the Duchy of Normandy and beyond its frontiers, including the French church. Lanfranc's Norman concerns centred upon the abbey of Bec and its two leading figures: abbots Herluin and Anselm. Lanfranc's known concern with matters arising in the French church beyond the Duchy of Normandy is limited to two of his letters: one to Archbishop Manasses I of Rheims in 1080, and the other to Abbot Reynald of Saint-Cyprien at Poitiers and others regarding the Trinity and especially about the incarnation of the second Person of the Trinity.
HUGH M. THOMAS
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199251230
- eISBN:
- 9780191719134
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251230.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Both before and after 1066, a strong sense of ethnic identity existed in Normandy, at least among the elites. To untangle the course of ethnic relations after the conquest, this chapter examines the ...
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Both before and after 1066, a strong sense of ethnic identity existed in Normandy, at least among the elites. To untangle the course of ethnic relations after the conquest, this chapter examines the basis of Norman identity, or Normanitas, and its strengths and weaknesses. Before turning to the nature of pre-conquest Norman identity, however, this chapter investigates whether this is the main way in which the conquerors of England viewed themselves. The formulaic phrase ‘to his men, French and English’, which appears in the opening lines of thousands of English charters, dating from shortly after the conquest to the early 13th century, raises the question of whether the invaders considered themselves Norman or French.Less
Both before and after 1066, a strong sense of ethnic identity existed in Normandy, at least among the elites. To untangle the course of ethnic relations after the conquest, this chapter examines the basis of Norman identity, or Normanitas, and its strengths and weaknesses. Before turning to the nature of pre-conquest Norman identity, however, this chapter investigates whether this is the main way in which the conquerors of England viewed themselves. The formulaic phrase ‘to his men, French and English’, which appears in the opening lines of thousands of English charters, dating from shortly after the conquest to the early 13th century, raises the question of whether the invaders considered themselves Norman or French.
Berenice M. Kerr
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207528
- eISBN:
- 9780191677717
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207528.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, History of Religion
This chapter examines what exactly a woman joining a religious order could expect it to provide for her and, conversely, what the religious order would ...
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This chapter examines what exactly a woman joining a religious order could expect it to provide for her and, conversely, what the religious order would have expected of the aspirant. Standards of living in medieval monasteries varied, but for the most part they approximated to those of knights and esquires. One of the first considerations in monastic planning was the availability of water. This was necessary for washing, for bathing and for other domestic uses as well as for the disposal of waste. The most significant indicator of devotional ties with Fontevraud is the invocation of St Robert in the litany of the saints and the special prayer to him as founder and protector of the order. The discussion also traces the development of liturgical calendars in the high Middle Ages, and speculates on the reading habits of nuns.Less
This chapter examines what exactly a woman joining a religious order could expect it to provide for her and, conversely, what the religious order would have expected of the aspirant. Standards of living in medieval monasteries varied, but for the most part they approximated to those of knights and esquires. One of the first considerations in monastic planning was the availability of water. This was necessary for washing, for bathing and for other domestic uses as well as for the disposal of waste. The most significant indicator of devotional ties with Fontevraud is the invocation of St Robert in the litany of the saints and the special prayer to him as founder and protector of the order. The discussion also traces the development of liturgical calendars in the high Middle Ages, and speculates on the reading habits of nuns.
James Carney
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199539703
- eISBN:
- 9780191701184
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539703.003.0026
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter discusses the following: reaction to the Anglo-Norman invasion; emergence of Early Modern Irish; the fourteenth-century revival; the ‘great books’; paper and printing; bardic verse; love ...
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This chapter discusses the following: reaction to the Anglo-Norman invasion; emergence of Early Modern Irish; the fourteenth-century revival; the ‘great books’; paper and printing; bardic verse; love poetry: the theory of French influence; Gearóid Iarla and Maghnus Ó Domhnaill; new versions of older tales; development of a ballad tradition; the ‘romantic tale’; literature from Connacht; and translations into Early Modern lrish of religious literature, medical and scientific literature, and entertainment and information.Less
This chapter discusses the following: reaction to the Anglo-Norman invasion; emergence of Early Modern Irish; the fourteenth-century revival; the ‘great books’; paper and printing; bardic verse; love poetry: the theory of French influence; Gearóid Iarla and Maghnus Ó Domhnaill; new versions of older tales; development of a ballad tradition; the ‘romantic tale’; literature from Connacht; and translations into Early Modern lrish of religious literature, medical and scientific literature, and entertainment and information.
Michael Brown
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748633326
- eISBN:
- 9780748672127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633326.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Robert Bruce tried to win his kingdom. He could not win a straight military contest against the resources at Edward's disposal. The survival of Bruce as a military presence within Scotland challenged ...
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Robert Bruce tried to win his kingdom. He could not win a straight military contest against the resources at Edward's disposal. The survival of Bruce as a military presence within Scotland challenged Edward's claims to rule. Edward dispelled Robert due to complaints. He departed to result a fresh campaign to Scotland. He was clearly not concerned with the smooth running of his dominions. Edward and Robert were keen to respond to the French king's intervention. They also desired a period of truce from motives which were closer to home. It is clarified that Edward II's ten months in Scotland had not changed the shape of his war with Bruce. The men of Lothian and the borders had bought similar truces from Bruce. Though tensions remained between the two factions in 1313, the patched-up agreement raised the possibility of a major royal expedition to Scotland.Less
Robert Bruce tried to win his kingdom. He could not win a straight military contest against the resources at Edward's disposal. The survival of Bruce as a military presence within Scotland challenged Edward's claims to rule. Edward dispelled Robert due to complaints. He departed to result a fresh campaign to Scotland. He was clearly not concerned with the smooth running of his dominions. Edward and Robert were keen to respond to the French king's intervention. They also desired a period of truce from motives which were closer to home. It is clarified that Edward II's ten months in Scotland had not changed the shape of his war with Bruce. The men of Lothian and the borders had bought similar truces from Bruce. Though tensions remained between the two factions in 1313, the patched-up agreement raised the possibility of a major royal expedition to Scotland.
