Lynn C. Klotz and Edward J. Sylvester
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226444055
- eISBN:
- 9780226444079
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226444079.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biotechnology
In the years since the 9/11 attacks—and the subsequent lethal anthrax letters—the United States has spent billions of dollars on measures to defend the population against the threat of biological ...
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In the years since the 9/11 attacks—and the subsequent lethal anthrax letters—the United States has spent billions of dollars on measures to defend the population against the threat of biological weapons. But as this book argues, all that money and effort hasn't made us any safer—in fact, it has made us more vulnerable. The book reveals the mistakes made to this point and lays out the necessary steps to set us on the path toward true biosecurity. The fundamental problem with the current approach, according to the book, is the danger caused by the sheer size and secrecy of our biodefense effort. Thousands of scientists spread throughout hundreds of locations are now working with lethal bioweapons agents—but their inability to make their work public causes suspicion among our enemies and allies alike, even as the enormous number of laboratories greatly multiplies the inherent risk of deadly accidents or theft. Meanwhile, vital public health needs go unmet because of this new biodefense focus. True biosecurity, the chapters argue, will require a multipronged effort based in an understanding of the complexity of the issue, guided by scientific ethics, and watched over by a vigilant citizenry attentive to the difference between fear mongering and true analysis of risk.Less
In the years since the 9/11 attacks—and the subsequent lethal anthrax letters—the United States has spent billions of dollars on measures to defend the population against the threat of biological weapons. But as this book argues, all that money and effort hasn't made us any safer—in fact, it has made us more vulnerable. The book reveals the mistakes made to this point and lays out the necessary steps to set us on the path toward true biosecurity. The fundamental problem with the current approach, according to the book, is the danger caused by the sheer size and secrecy of our biodefense effort. Thousands of scientists spread throughout hundreds of locations are now working with lethal bioweapons agents—but their inability to make their work public causes suspicion among our enemies and allies alike, even as the enormous number of laboratories greatly multiplies the inherent risk of deadly accidents or theft. Meanwhile, vital public health needs go unmet because of this new biodefense focus. True biosecurity, the chapters argue, will require a multipronged effort based in an understanding of the complexity of the issue, guided by scientific ethics, and watched over by a vigilant citizenry attentive to the difference between fear mongering and true analysis of risk.
C. Neal Stewart
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195157451
- eISBN:
- 9780199790388
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195157451.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biotechnology
From years prior to the release of the first commercial transgenic crop in 1995 to the present, many concerned activists, regulators, and scientists have questioned how genetic engineering might ...
More
From years prior to the release of the first commercial transgenic crop in 1995 to the present, many concerned activists, regulators, and scientists have questioned how genetic engineering might impact the environment. No measurable negative environmental impacts have been observed for commercial genetically modified crops to date, even though several risks have been identified in experimental releases. Even so, none have approached doomsday scenarios posed by activists. The risks that have been extensively studied are gene flow from crops to weeds or crop landraces; side-effects of insecticidal transgenic proteins, such as accidental killing of monarch butterflies or beneficial insects; viral recombination; and transgene combinations. Close examination has uncovered no negative effects, but plenty of positive environmental impacts from growing crops engineered for insect resistance and herbicide resistance. Insect resistant cotton and corn kill only the insects that attempt to eat the crops and have saved several million gallons of chemical insecticide applications. Herbicide resistant soybean and corn have helped in soil conservation efforts since farmers do not have to use as much tillage to control weeds. In addition to these benefits, scientists are conducting research to produce genetically engineered plants to clean up toxins, produce plastics and biofuels, and perform other ecological services. The responsible use of genetic engineering is part of sustainable agriculture now and in the future.Less
From years prior to the release of the first commercial transgenic crop in 1995 to the present, many concerned activists, regulators, and scientists have questioned how genetic engineering might impact the environment. No measurable negative environmental impacts have been observed for commercial genetically modified crops to date, even though several risks have been identified in experimental releases. Even so, none have approached doomsday scenarios posed by activists. The risks that have been extensively studied are gene flow from crops to weeds or crop landraces; side-effects of insecticidal transgenic proteins, such as accidental killing of monarch butterflies or beneficial insects; viral recombination; and transgene combinations. Close examination has uncovered no negative effects, but plenty of positive environmental impacts from growing crops engineered for insect resistance and herbicide resistance. Insect resistant cotton and corn kill only the insects that attempt to eat the crops and have saved several million gallons of chemical insecticide applications. Herbicide resistant soybean and corn have helped in soil conservation efforts since farmers do not have to use as much tillage to control weeds. In addition to these benefits, scientists are conducting research to produce genetically engineered plants to clean up toxins, produce plastics and biofuels, and perform other ecological services. The responsible use of genetic engineering is part of sustainable agriculture now and in the future.
John R. B. Lighton
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195310610
- eISBN:
- 9780199871414
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310610.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biotechnology
The measurement of metabolic rates is important in many areas of science. Examples range from ecology through a broad spectrum of physiological disciplines to biomedical fields such as genetic ...
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The measurement of metabolic rates is important in many areas of science. Examples range from ecology through a broad spectrum of physiological disciplines to biomedical fields such as genetic screening, obesity, and trauma research. The organisms being measured range in size from bacteria through insects to whales, and many different measurement methodologies have developed over the years, most of which are famously difficult for the novice to master. This book covers a wide range of metabolic measurement techniques, giving background and applications information for each, with enough practical detail to allow for accurate and informed measurements with minimal trial-and-error. Much tribal wisdom, passed down from professors to students and between scientific peers, is included. A broad range of techniques is covered, including Gilson and Warburg respirometry and their modern derivatives; direct calorimetry; stable isotope work; coulometric respirometry; aquatic respirometry; and practically every variation of field and laboratory flow-through respirometry, including complex, computer-driven multi-animal systems. Characteristics of the different varieties of gas analyzers, flow measurement systems, and so on are evaluated in detail. The book brings to the task over two decades of experience in practically every type of respirometry, from laboratory settings to the jungles of Panama and the deserts of Namibia.Less
The measurement of metabolic rates is important in many areas of science. Examples range from ecology through a broad spectrum of physiological disciplines to biomedical fields such as genetic screening, obesity, and trauma research. The organisms being measured range in size from bacteria through insects to whales, and many different measurement methodologies have developed over the years, most of which are famously difficult for the novice to master. This book covers a wide range of metabolic measurement techniques, giving background and applications information for each, with enough practical detail to allow for accurate and informed measurements with minimal trial-and-error. Much tribal wisdom, passed down from professors to students and between scientific peers, is included. A broad range of techniques is covered, including Gilson and Warburg respirometry and their modern derivatives; direct calorimetry; stable isotope work; coulometric respirometry; aquatic respirometry; and practically every variation of field and laboratory flow-through respirometry, including complex, computer-driven multi-animal systems. Characteristics of the different varieties of gas analyzers, flow measurement systems, and so on are evaluated in detail. The book brings to the task over two decades of experience in practically every type of respirometry, from laboratory settings to the jungles of Panama and the deserts of Namibia.
1895
1929
1971
1989
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“A Gentleman and an Officer”
‘A Nation of Beggars’?
The A Priori in Philosophy
A. J. Appasamy and his Reading of Rāmānuja
